Bullying and Cyber-Bullying in Higher Education: Current Institutional Practice and Prevention

Cyber-bullying led a Rutgers University student to commit suicide, which led the Federal government and institutions of higher education to take a closer look at bullying and cyber-bullying on college campuses. Congress introduced the Tyler Clementi Higher Education Anti-Harassment Act (Tyler Clementi Act) that would require institutions that receive Federal financial aid to provide anti-bullying programming on their campuses. This study examined the bullying related policies and practices at five public research universities. Specifically, interviews were conducted with both the Chief Student Affairs Officer and Chief Conduct Officer at each institution to examine their perceptions of the judicial and programmatic efforts to reduce bullying and cyber-bullying on their campuses. In addition, the research asked about their preparedness if the Tyler Clementi Act would become law. Significant research has been conducted on bullying at the K-12 level but there is very little research on the prevalence of bullying at the college level. This study indicates that administrators perceive, and have even witnessed, bullying on their campuses. Despite recognizing the existence of bullying on their campus, only one institution has instituted any type of proactive efforts to address bullying on their campus. The other four institutions are more reactive. In addition, very little change occurred following the death of Clementi, yet all administrators interviewed believe strongly that their institution would be in compliance with the basic components of the Tyler Clementi Act if it were enacted. After a review of current practices at each of these five campuses, several recommendations are suggested to improve anti-bullying efforts at institutions of similar size, including, but not limited, to: an institutional-wide effort to provide proactive programming efforts for all sub-groups of the student population, formal assessment and stronger awareness and involvement of the Chief Student Affairs Officer

The Effects of Parental Behavior on Infants' Neural Processing of Emotion Expressions

Infants become sensitive to emotion expressions early in the 1st year and such sensitivity is likely crucial for social development and adaptation. Social interactions with primary caregivers may play a key role in the development of this complex ability. This study aimed to investigate how variations in parenting behavior affect infants' neural responses to emotional faces. Event-related potentials (ERPs) to emotional faces were recorded from 40 healthy 7-month-old infants (24 males). Parental behavior was assessed and coded using the Emotional Availability Scales during free-play interaction. Sensitive parenting was associated with increased amplitudes to positive facial expressions on the face-sensitive ERP component, the negative central. Findings are discussed in relation to the interactive mechanisms influencing how infants neurally encode positive emotions

Prospectus, February 13, 1981

BLIZZARD HITS MIDWEST, ILLINOIS AND PARKLAND; Markland discusses new $15 million waste operation; Attention!; Letters to the Editor: Student upset, Student says college is security; It\u27s time to buy Girl Scout cookies; Gardenas at Parkland; S.N.A.P. holds monthly meetings; Women and Drugs forum; Serious problems face Reagan administration; PC has first Ag Conference; Help out the BSA; Astronomy Club; Mark Twain Tonight at Assembly Hall; Springsteen thrills capacity crowd; Gaucho hits charts; Classifieds; Top 30; Sales booming for jeans; Friends of Animals begins nationwide campaign; Saturday is Valentine\u27s Day...; PC Announcements...; The Dinner Party at Parkland February 18; Stroke Club has Valentine\u27s party; PC sponsors workshop; Women\u27s program has workshop; Parkland offers EMT course; German Club lists schedule; Cobras try to beat Kankakee a second time; Scoreboard; Ice Capades stars unite; Parkland College Results Student Government Elections February 4-5, 1981; Cobras beat Danville; Illinois faces Ohio State; Freddy off to good start; Record now 19-2 with loss to Millikin; Fast Freddy Contest; IM\u27s underway; Cobras upset by ICC, 51-48https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1981/1029/thumbnail.jp

Specific Features of After-School Program Quality: Associations with Children’s Functioning in Middle Childhood

This longitudinal study examined associations between three after-school program quality features (positive staff–child relations, available activities, programming flexibility) and child developmental outcomes (reading and math grades, work habits, and social skills with peers) in Grade 2 and then Grade 3. Participants (n = 120 in Grade 2, n = 91 in Grade 3) attended after-school programs more than 4 days per week, on average. Controlling for child and family background factors and children’s prior functioning on the developmental outcomes, positive staff–child relations in the programs were positively associated with children’s reading grades in both Grades 2 and 3, and math grades in Grade 2. Positive staff–child relations also were positively associated with social skills in Grade 2, for boys only. The availability of a diverse array of age-appropriate activities at the programs was positively associated with children’s math grades and classroom work habits in Grade 3. Programming flexibility (child choice of activities) was not associated with child outcomes

Phosphorylated c-Src in the nucleus is associated with improved patient outcome in ER-positive breast cancer

Elevated c-Src protein expression has been shown in breast cancer and <i>in vitro</i> evidence suggests a role in endocrine resistance. To investigate whether c-Src is involved in endocrine resistance, we examined the expression of both total and activated c-Src in human breast cancer specimens from a cohort of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients. Tissue microarray technology was employed to analyse 262 tumour specimens taken before tamoxifen treatment. Immunohistochemistry using total c-Src and activated c-Src antibodies was performed. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed and log-rank test were performed. High level of nuclear activated Src was significantly associated with improved overall survival (<i>P</i>=0.047) and lower recurrence rates on tamoxifen (<i>P</i>=0.02). Improved patient outcome was only seen with activated Src in the nucleus. Nuclear activated Src expression was significantly associated with node-negative disease and a lower NPI (<i>P</i><0.05). On subgroup analysis, only ER-positive/progesterone receptor (PgR)-positive tumours were associated with improved survival (<i>P</i>=0.004). This shows that c-Src activity is increased in breast cancer and that activated Src within the nucleus of ER-positive tumours predicts an improved outcome. In ER/PgR-positive disease, activated Src kinase does not appear to be involved in <i>de novo</i> endocrine resistance. Further study is required in ER-negative breast cancer as this may represent a cohort in which it is associated with poor outcome

Prospectus, February 4, 1981

12 RUNNING FOR POSITIONS IN STU GO.; Severns speaks to Community News Class; Sign up for student insurance; $1.50 a gallon? Ouch!: Instructiors discuss oil de-regulation; Everything you always wanted to know about participating in class!; Did you know that?; The Ice Capades \u27celebrates\u27 at the Hall Feb. 10-15; Muddy Waters: Is he the father of Rock n\u27 Roll?; Media 1000$ catches Parkland\u27s eyes!; Ramblin\u27...; Classifieds; Homer has big celebration for their hero: Paul Lewis; 11 Amendments to Stugo Constitution; 250 enrolled in Learning Lab.; It\u27s Susan B. Anthony\u27s b-day!; 42 donated at the Blood Drive; Images getting ready to hit the presses.; Women\u27s team boosts record to 19-1; Cobras beat arch-rival Lake Land; Dunson slam takes game into overtime: Cobras upset No. 1 Kankakee in double OT; Women beat Cavaliers; Softball practice begins Feb. 9; Geoff Ray wins FF competition; Fast Freddy Contest; Collins, the perfect leaderhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1981/1028/thumbnail.jp

Analgesic Effects of Tramadol During Panretinal Photocoagulation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of tramadol for the reduction of pain in panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). METHODS: A double-masked randomized controlled study was performed. Fifty-eight eyes in 29 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were enrolled. The eyes of the patients were randomized into two groups. Group A received an empty capsule. Group B received an oral intake of 100 mg tramadol. The capsule used in Group A had the same appearance as that used in Group B. Pain during PRP was assessed using a visual analog scale. Vital signs, including blood pressure and heart rate, were measured. RESULTS: The mean pain scores for groups A and B were 4.80+/-2.10 and 3.83+/-1.82 (p=0.09). There were no significant differences in the mean pain scores between the two groups. More patients in group A complained of greater pain than moderate intensity (visual analogue scale=4). Systemic blood pressure increased significantly in group A after laser treatment. However, there were no significant differences in the diastolic blood pressure changes between the two groups. We found no statistical correlation in the heart rate changes. CONCLUSIONS: We failed to prove that tramadol is effective for pain relief because of the small sample size. However, tramadol was effective for the relief of more severe pain. It was also found to stabilize vital sign changes, such as systolic blood pressure during PRP

Measuring the impact and costs of a universal group based parenting programme : protocol and implementation of a trial

Background Sub-optimal parenting is a common risk factor for a wide range of negative health, social and educational outcomes. Most parenting programmes have been developed in the USA in the context of delinquency prevention for targeted or indicated groups and the main theoretical underpinning for these programmes is behaviour management. The Family Links Nurturing Programme (FLNP) focuses on family relationships as well as behaviour management and is offered on a universal basis. As a result it may be better placed to improve health and educational outcomes. Developed in the UK voluntary sector, FLNP is popular with practitioners, has impressed policy makers throughout the UK, has been found to be effective in before/after and qualitative studies, but lacks a randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence base. Methods/Design A multi-centre, investigator blind, randomised controlled trial of the FLNP with a target sample of 288 south Wales families who have a child aged 2-4 yrs living in or near to Flying Start/Sure Start areas. Changes in parenting, parent child relations and parent and child wellbeing are assessed with validated measures immediately and at 6 months post intervention. Economic components include cost consequences and cost utility analyses based on parental ranking of states of quality of life. Attendance and completion rates and fidelity to the FLNP course delivery are assessed. A nested qualitative study will assess reasons for participation and non-participation and the perceived value of the programme to families. By the end of May 2010, 287 families have been recruited into the trial across four areas of south Wales. Recruitment has not met the planned timescales with barriers including professional anxiety about families entering the control arm of the trial, family concern about video and audio recording, programme facilitator concern about the recording of FLNP sessions for fidelity purposes and delays due to the new UK research governance procedures. Discussion Whilst there are strong theoretical arguments to support universal provision of parenting programmes, few universal programmes have been subjected to randomised controlled trials. In this paper we describe a RCT protocol with quantitative and qualitative outcome measures and an economic evaluation designed to provide clear evidence with regard to effectiveness and costs. We describe challenges implementing the protocol and how we are addressing these