76 research outputs found
Classical diamagnetism, magnetic interaction energies, and repulsive forces in magnetized plasmas
The Bohr-van Leeuwen theorem is often summarized as saying that there is no
classical magnetic susceptibility, in particular no diamagnetism. This is
seriously misleading. The theorem assumes position dependent interactions but
this is not required by classical physics. Since the work of Darwin in 1920 it
has been known that the magnetism due to classical charged point particles can
only be described by allowing velocity dependent interactions in the
Lagrangian. Legendre transformation to an approximate Hamiltonian can give an
estimate of the Darwin diamagnetism for a system of charged point particles.
Comparison with experiment, however, requires knowledge of the number of
classically behaving electrons in the sample. A new repulsive effective
many-body force, which should be relevant in plasmas, is predicted by the
Hamiltonian.Comment: added references, revise
Image method in the calculation of the van der Waals force between an atom and a conducting surface
Initially, we make a detailed historical survey of van der Waals forces,
collecting the main references on the subject. Then, we review a method
recently proposed by Eberlein and Zietal to compute the dispersion van der
Waals interaction between a neutral but polarizable atom and a perfectly
conducting surface of arbitrary shape. This method has the advantage of
relating the quantum problem to a corresponding classical one in electrostatics
so that all one needs is to compute an appropriate Green function. We show how
the image method of electrostatics can be conveniently used together with the
Eberlein and Zietal mehtod (when the problem admits an image solution). We then
illustrate this method in a couple of simple but important cases, including the
atom-sphere system. Particularly, in our last example, we present an original
result, namely, the van der Waals force between an atom and a boss hat made of
a grounded conducting material.Comment: This is a pedagogical and introductory paper on van der Waals forces
between an atom and a conducting surfac
Levosimendan beyond inotropy and acute heart failure: Evidence of pleiotropic effects on the heart and other organs: An expert panel position paper
Peer reviewe
Levosimendan Efficacy and Safety: 20 years of SIMDAX in Clinical Use
Levosimendan was first approved for clinic use in 2000, when authorisation was granted by Swedish regulatory authorities for the haemodynamic stabilisation of patients with acutely decompensated chronic heart failure. In the ensuing 20 years, this distinctive inodilator, which enhances cardiac contractility through calcium sensitisation and promotes vasodilatation through the opening of adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels on vascular smooth muscle cells, has been approved in more than 60 jurisdictions, including most of the countries of the European Union and Latin America. Areas of clinical application have expanded considerably and now include cardiogenic shock, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, advanced heart failure, right ventricular failure and pulmonary hypertension, cardiac surgery, critical care and emergency medicine. Levosimendan is currently in active clinical evaluation in the US. Levosimendan in IV formulation is being used as a research tool in the exploration of a wide range of cardiac and non-cardiac disease states. A levosimendan oral form is at present under evaluation in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. To mark the 20 years since the advent of levosimendan in clinical use, 51 experts from 23 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and Ukraine) contributed to this essay, which evaluates one of the relatively few drugs to have been successfully introduced into the acute heart failure arena in recent times and charts a possible development trajectory for the next 20 years
Recommended from our members
Quantum dynamics. Part I
textTextEcole d'ete de physique theorique. Les Houches, Haute-Savoie, FranceLecture notes by Julian Schwinger, Harvard University. Cours professe a l'Ecole d'ete de physique theorique ... juillet 1955.Physic
- …