587 research outputs found
Pirates or Pioneers in Orbit? Private International Communications Satellite Systems and Article XIV(d) of the INTELSAT Agreements
The effect of paternal incarceration on material hardship
Widespread use of incarceration in the US, coupled with high rates of inmate fatherhood, has raised concerns for the wellbeing of more than two million affected children. The deleterious and long term effects of incarceration on men's financial and relationship stability are well-established. Incarceration also compromises family material wellbeing, and partners are at risk of hardship and stress, which may diminish capacity for positive parenting and harm children's development. However, little is known about the links between father incarceration and family material wellbeing. Using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing survey we examine the extent to which fathers' incarceration increases the material hardship experienced by their families. We find that incarceration indeed increases hardship for families, by both reducing household income and disrupting family relationships and routines. These findings underscore the need for criminal justice agencies and social service providers to help mitigate the risks associated with a father's incarceration
Beyond Absenteeism: Father Incarceration and its Effects on Childrenâs Development
High rates of incarceration among American men, coupled with high rates of fatherhood among men in prison, have motivated recent research on the effects of parental imprisonment on childrenâs development. We contribute to this literature using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the effects of paternal incarceration on developmental and school readiness outcomes for approximately 3,000 urban children. We estimate cross-sectional and longitudinal regression models that control not only for fathersâ basic demographic characteristics and a rich set of potential confounders, but also for several measures of pre-incarceration child development, and family fixed effects. We find that paternal incarceration is positively associated with childrenâs externalizing problems at age five. Results are mixed with respect to attention problems, and we find some evidence that children of incarcerated fathers experience less anxiety than their peers. The observed effects of incarceration on child behavioral problems are significantly stronger than the effects of other forms of father absence, suggesting that children with incarcerated fathers may require specialized support from caretakers, teachers, and social service providers.Fragile families, childbearing, nonmarital childbearing, fartherhood, fathers, incarceration
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Beyond absenteeism : father incarceration and child development
High rates of incarceration among American men, coupled with high rates of fatherhood among men in prison, have motivated recent research on the effects of parental imprisonment on children's development. We use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the relationship between paternal incarceration and developmental outcomes for approximately 3,000 urban children. We estimate cross-sectional and longitudinal regression models that control not only for fathers' basic demographic characteristics and a rich set of potential confounders, but also for several measures of pre-incarceration child development and family fixed effects. We find significant increases in aggressive behaviors among children whose fathers are incarcerated, and some evidence of increased attention problems. The estimated effects of paternal incarceration are stronger than those of other forms of father absence, suggesting that children with incarcerated fathers may require specialized support from caretakers, teachers, and social service providers. The estimated effects are stronger for children who lived with their fathers prior to incarceration, but are also significant for children of nonresident fathers, suggesting that incarceration places children at risk through family hardships including and beyond parent-child separation
A Compact Beam Stop for a Rare Kaon Decay Experiment
We describe the development and testing of a novel beam stop for use in a
rare kaon decay experiment at the Brookhaven AGS. The beam stop is located
inside a dipole spectrometer magnet in close proximity to straw drift chambers
and intercepts a high-intensity neutral hadron beam. The design process,
involving both Monte Carlo simulations and beam tests of alternative beam-stop
shielding arrangements, had the goal of minimizing the leakage of particles
from the beam stop and the resulting hit rates in detectors, while preserving
maximum acceptance for events of interest. The beam tests consisted of
measurements of rates in drift chambers, scintilation counter hodoscopes, a gas
threshold Cherenkov counter, and a lead glass array. Measurements were also
made with a set of specialized detectors which were sensitive to low-energy
neutrons, photons, and charged particles. Comparisons are made between these
measurements and a detailed Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: 39 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Method
Search for the Weak Decay of an H Dibaryon
We have searched for a neutral dibaryon decaying via and
. Our search has yielded two candidate events from which we set
an upper limit on the production cross section. Normalizing to the
inclusive production cross section, we find at 90% C.L., for an of mass
2.15 GeV/.Comment: 11 pages, 6 postscript figures, epsfig, aps, preprint, revte
Mapping Exoplanets
The varied surfaces and atmospheres of planets make them interesting places
to live, explore, and study from afar. Unfortunately, the great distance to
exoplanets makes it impossible to resolve their disk with current or near-term
technology. It is still possible, however, to deduce spatial inhomogeneities in
exoplanets provided that different regions are visible at different
times---this can be due to rotation, orbital motion, and occultations by a
star, planet, or moon. Astronomers have so far constructed maps of thermal
emission and albedo for short period giant planets. These maps constrain
atmospheric dynamics and cloud patterns in exotic atmospheres. In the future,
exo-cartography could yield surface maps of terrestrial planets, hinting at the
geophysical and geochemical processes that shape them.Comment: Updated chapter for Handbook of Exoplanets, eds. Deeg & Belmonte. 17
pages, including 6 figures and 4 pages of reference
Feedback through multiple outbursts in the cluster 2A 0335+096
We examine the core of the X-ray bright galaxy cluster 2A 0335+096 using deep
Chandra X-ray imaging and spatially-resolved spectroscopy, and include new
radio observations. The set of around eight X-ray bright blobs in the core of
the cluster, appearing like eggs in a bird's nest, contains multiphase gas from
~0.5 to 2 keV. The morphology of the coolest X-ray emitting gas at 0.5 keV
temperature is similar to the Halpha emitting nebula known in this cluster,
which surrounds the central galaxy. XMM-Newton grating spectra confirm the
presence of material at these temperatures, showing excellent agreement with
Chandra emission measures. On scales of 80 to 250 kpc there is a low
temperature, high metallicity, swirl of intracluster medium as seen in other
clusters. In the core we find evidence for a further three X-ray cavities, in
addition to the two previously discovered. Enhancements in 1.5 GHz radio
emission are correlated with the X-ray cavities. The total 4PV enthalpy
associated with the cavities is around 5x10^59 erg. This energy would be enough
to heat the cooling region for ~5x10^7 yr. We find a maximum pressure
discontinuity of 26 per cent (2 sigma) across the surface brightness edge to
the south-west of the cluster core. This corresponds to an upper limit on the
Mach number of the cool core with respect to its surroundings of 0.55.Comment: 11 pages, 16 figures, accepted by MNRA
LKB1/AMPK and PKA Control ABCB11 Trafficking and Polarization in Hepatocytes.
Polarization of hepatocytes is manifested by bile canalicular network formation and activation of LKB1 and AMPK, which control cellular energy metabolism. The bile acid, taurocholate, also regulates development of the canalicular network through activation of AMPK. In the present study, we used collagen sandwich hepatocyte cultures from control and liver-specific LKB1 knockout mice to examine the role of LKB1 in trafficking of ABCB11, the canalicular bile acid transporter. In polarized hepatocytes, ABCB11 traffics from Golgi to the apical plasma membrane and endogenously cycles through the rab 11a-myosin Vb recycling endosomal system. LKB1 knockout mice were jaundiced, lost weight and manifested impaired bile canalicular formation and intracellular trafficking of ABCB11, and died within three weeks. Using live cell imaging, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), particle tracking, and biochemistry, we found that LKB1 activity is required for microtubule-dependent trafficking of ABCB11 to the canalicular membrane. In control hepatocytes, ABCB11 trafficking was accelerated by taurocholate and cAMP; however, in LKB1 knockout hepatocytes, ABCB11 trafficking to the apical membrane was greatly reduced and restored only by cAMP, but not taurocholate. cAMP acted through a PKA-mediated pathway which did not activate AMPK. Our studies establish a regulatory role for LKB1 in ABCB11 trafficking to the canalicular membrane, hepatocyte polarization, and canalicular network formation
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