Subliminal messages for increasing self-esteem: Placebo effect.

Sin resume

Family history of prostate and colorectal cancer and risk of colorectal cancer in the Women's health initiative.

BackgroundEvidence suggests that risk of colorectal and prostate cancer is increased among those with a family history of the same disease, particularly among first-degree relatives. However, the aggregation of colorectal and prostate cancer within families has not been well investigated.MethodsAnalyses were conducted among participants of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) observational cohort, free of cancer at the baseline examination. Subjects were followed for colorectal cancer through August 31st, 2009. A Cox-proportional hazards regression modeling approach was used to estimate risk of colorectal cancer associated with a family history of prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and both cancers among first-degree relatives of all participants and stratified by race (African American vs. White).ResultsOf 75,999 eligible participants, there were 1122 colorectal cancer cases diagnosed over the study period. A family history of prostate cancer alone was not associated with an increase in colorectal cancer risk after adjustment for confounders (aHR =0.94; 95% CI =0.76, 1.15). Separate analysis examining the joint impact, a family history of both colorectal and prostate cancer was associated with an almost 50% increase in colorectal cancer risk (aHR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.10), but similar to those with a family history of colorectal cancer only (95% CI = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.54).ConclusionsOur findings suggest risk of colorectal cancer is increased similarly among women with colorectal cancer only and among those with both colorectal and prostate cancer diagnosed among first-degree family members. Future studies are needed to determine the relative contribution of genes and shared environment to the risk of both cancers

Northern Crossings

This open access book uses Swedish literature and the Swedish publishing field as recurring examples todescribe and analyse the role of the literary semi-peripheral position in world literature from various perspectives and on meso, micro and macro levels, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. This includes the role of translation in the semi-periphery and the conditions under which literature travels to and from that position. The focus is not on Sweden, as such, but rather on the semi-peripheral transitional space as exemplified by the Swedish case. Consisting of three co-written chapters, this study sheds light on what might be called the semi-peripheral condition or the semi-periphery as an area of transition. As part of the Cosmopolitan and Vernacular Dynamics in World Literatures series, it makes continuous use of the concepts of 'cosmopolitan' and 'vernacular' – or rather, the processual terms, cosmopolitanization and vernacularization – which provide an overall structure to the analysis of literature and literary phenomena. In this way, the authors show that the semi-periphery is an ideal point of departure to further the understanding of world literature, because it is a place where the cosmopolitan (the literary universal) and the vernacular (the rootedness in a particular culture or place) interact in ways that have not yet been thoroughly explored. The open access edition of this book is available under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 licence on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Riksbankens Jubileumsfond

Representación acerca de la dimensión social de la práctica docente en estudiantes del profesorado

La crisis socio-económica mundial que anida la posibilidad de transformación social, el compromiso con la enseñanza universitaria, y la preocupación de estudiantes universitarios por su formación en lo social promovió una investigación acerca de las representaciones de la dimensión social en las prácticas profesionales, que poseen estudiantes avanzados de las distintas carreras universitarias, en la situación actual.Esta problemática, situada en la dimensión socio educativa, llevó a preguntar:- ¿Qué categorías de la dimensión social en prácticas profesionales evidencian las representaciones de estudiantes avanzados de Carreras que se implementan en la UNRC?- ¿Qué nivel de coherencia guardan con el perfil profesional enunciado en las propuestas políticas de formación de la UNRC?Es objetivo del proceso investigativo, comprender las representaciones de estudiantes avanzados acerca de la dimensión social de la práctica profesional en distintos campos sociales, interpretarlas en la situación socio-política-económica actual y relacionarlas con los perfiles profesionales propuestos por la UNRC.Entendemos por práctica las acciones teleológicas de los sujetos que provocan modificaciones en el mundo material, social o personal. Los intereses, orientadores de la acción no devienen de la naturaleza biológica humana, ni responden a una función adaptativa, sino que están inscriptos en la dinámica social y cultural.Asimismo, entendemos por práctica profesional a una práctica teleológica que pone en juego saberes, actitudes, pensamiento crítico y compromiso del sujeto en un quehacer social para lo cual la Universidad los habilita que se articula dialécticamente con su proyecto de vida. En tanto se adopta un enfoque teórico metodológico relacional y dialéctico, por lo que el plan de trabajo refiere a lo situacional socio económico y educativo.El corpus, representaciones de los estudiantes avanzados y el extra corpus o condiciones de producción del corpus múltiples y heterogéneas estarán referidas a las dimensiones de la trama social.Muestreo de estudiantes avanzados, encuesta (Sautu, 2006), y enunciación de propiedades de las categorías identificadas utilizando el método comparativo constante (Glasser y Straus, 1967) y por fin análisis comparativo entre representaciones y propuestas de formación.En esta ponencia se presentará algunos resultados de las representaciones de la práctica profesional de los alumnos avanzados de las carreras universitarias practicantes de los profesorados.Creemos, que la presentación en este evento podría contribuir a debates actuales en el campo del desarrollo profesional docente generando interrogantes en torno ¿hacia donde podría ir la formación del profesional docente

La lectura conformada en una investigación acerca de la relevancia de la formación de grado

Ningun

Northern Crossings

This open access book uses Swedish literature and the Swedish publishing field as recurring examples todescribe and analyse the role of the literary semi-peripheral position in world literature from various perspectives and on meso, micro and macro levels, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. This includes the role of translation in the semi-periphery and the conditions under which literature travels to and from that position. The focus is not on Sweden, as such, but rather on the semi-peripheral transitional space as exemplified by the Swedish case. Consisting of three co-written chapters, this study sheds light on what might be called the semi-peripheral condition or the semi-periphery as an area of transition. As part of the Cosmopolitan and Vernacular Dynamics in World Literatures series, it makes continuous use of the concepts of 'cosmopolitan' and 'vernacular' – or rather, the processual terms, cosmopolitanization and vernacularization – which provide an overall structure to the analysis of literature and literary phenomena. In this way, the authors show that the semi-periphery is an ideal point of departure to further the understanding of world literature, because it is a place where the cosmopolitan (the literary universal) and the vernacular (the rootedness in a particular culture or place) interact in ways that have not yet been thoroughly explored. The open access edition of this book is available under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 licence on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Riksbankens Jubileumsfond

Una innovación educativa en la formación docente en ciencias sociales

Esta ponencia se enmarca en un Proyecto de Investigación, denominado: “La práctica docente con TIC en el área de Ciencias Sociales y Biología”.Nos preguntamos: ¿qué representaciones de la práctica docente con TIC poseen estudiantes avanzados de los profesorados de la UNRC en esta sociedad de la información?.El objetivo general es: “Comprender las representaciones de estudiantes avanzados de los profesorados de Ciencias Sociales acerca de TIC y las modalidades de uso en su práctica docente”. En tanto las representaciones son complejas y en permanente movimiento, a veces contradictorias y los actores sociales atribuyen significados diversos a sus acciones e interacciones dentro de un contexto histórico y social determinado, en esta investigación se utiliza una lógica cualitativa que enfatiza el descubrimiento, la inducción analítica, y la comprensión.El proceso metodológico es el inductivo-analítico a través del cual se realiza la confrontación teoría-empírea y su operativización incluye: el muestreo intencional, el Grupo focal (Mónica Petrasi en Kornblit, 2007), la encuesta, el método comparativo constante.(Glasser y Straus, 1967) y la triangulación, es decir, “mirar los hechos desde distintos ángulos Elliot, (1990).Por ser un proyecto recientemente iniciado los avances a exponer son los relativos a representaciones de TIC en alumnos avanzados y la integración curricular propuesta en programaciones didácticas.La integración curricular de las TIC en la enseñanza es una problemática social que demanda una reflexión profunda sobre el sentido de realidad del mundo, del hombre y de la sociedad, de allí su importancia en la formación docent

Timing of androgen deprivation therapy use and fracture risk among elderly men with prostate cancer in the United States

Purpose Fractures are a recognized consequence of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT); however, less is known about the incidence of fracture in relation to the timing of ADT use or the impact of fracture on mortality in men with prostate cancer. Methods Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked database, we estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) using time‐dependent Cox regression for fracture incidence related to the recency of exposure and dose among prostate cancer patients on gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, as well as mortality associated with fractures. Results In our cohort of 80 844 patients, ADT was associated with an increased rate of fracture in both non‐metastatic patients (aHR = 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29–1.39) and metastatic patients (aHR = 1.51; 95%CI = 1.36–1.67). Fracture rates increased with increasing cumulative GnRH dose but decreased with increasing number of months since last use in each dose category. The mortality rate doubled for men experiencing a fracture after their diagnosis compared with that for men who did not experience a fracture (aHR = 2.05; 95%CI = 1.98–2.12). Conclusions ADT in elderly men with prostate cancer increased the incidence of fractures, and the effect appears to diminish with increasing time since the last dose of a GnRH agonist. Experiencing a fracture after the diagnosis of prostate cancer was associated with decreased survival. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90397/1/pds2258.pd

Association between leukocyte telomere shortening and exposure to traffic pollution: a cross-sectional study on traffic officers and indoor office workers

Background: Telomere shortening in blood leukocytes has been associated with increased morbidity and death from cardiovascular disease and cancer, but determinants of shortened telomeres, a molecular feature of biological aging, are still largely unidentified. Traffic pollution has been linked with both cardiovascular and cancer risks, particularly in older subjects. Whether exposure to traffic pollution is associated with telomere shortening has never been evaluated. Methods: We measured leukocyte telomere length (LTL) by real-time PCR in blood DNA from 77 traffic officers exposed to high levels of traffic pollutants and 57 office workers (referents). Airborne benzene and toluene, as tracers for traffic exposure, were measured using personal passive samplers and gas-chromatography/flame-ionization detector analysis. We used covariate-adjusted multivariable models to test the effects of the exposure on LTL and obtain adjusted LTL means and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). Results: Adjusted mean LTL was 1.10 (95%CI 1.04-1.16) in traffic officers and 1.27 in referents (95%CI 1.20-1.35) [p < 0.001]. LTL decreased in association with age in both traffic officers (p = 0.01) and referents (p = 0.001), but traffic officers had shorter LTL within each age category. Among traffic officers, adjusted mean relative LTL was shorter in individuals working in high (n = 45, LTL = 1.02, 95%CI 0.96-1.09) compared to low traffic intensity (n = 32, LTL = 1.22, 95%CI 1.13-1.31) [p < 0.001]. In the entire study population, LTL decreased with increasing levels of personal exposure to benzene (p = 0.004) and toluene (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Our results indicate that leukocyte telomere length is shortened in subjects exposed to traffic pollution, suggesting evidence of early biological aging and disease risk

Local Group Dwarf Galaxies: Nature And Nurture

We investigate the formation and evolution of dwarf galaxies in a high resolution, hydrodynamical cosmological simulation of a Milky Way sized halo and its environment. Our simulation includes gas cooling, star formation, supernova feedback, metal enrichment and UV heating. In total, 90 satellites and more than 400 isolated dwarf galaxies are formed in the simulation, allowing a systematic study of the internal and environmental processes that determine their evolution. We find that 95% of satellite galaxies are gas-free at z=0, and identify three mechanisms for gas loss: supernova feedback, tidal stripping, and photo-evaporation due to re-ionization. Gas-rich satellite galaxies are only found with total masses above ~ 5x10^9 solar masses. In contrast, for isolated dwarf galaxies, a total mass of ~ 10^9 solar masses constitutes a sharp transition; less massive galaxies are predominantly gas-free at z=0, more massive, isolated dwarf galaxies are often able to retain their gas. In general, we find that the total mass of a dwarf galaxy is the main factor which determines its star formation, metal enrichment, and its gas content, but that stripping may explain the observed difference in gas content between field dwarf galaxies and satellites with total masses close to 10^9 solar masses. We also find that a morphological transformation via tidal stripping of infalling, luminous dwarf galaxies whose dark matter is less concentrated than their stars, cannot explain the high total mass-light ratios of the faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRA