Informationelle Selbstbestimmung in sozialen Netzwerken: Mehrseitige Rechtsbeziehungen und arbeitsteilige Verantwortungsstrukturen als Herausforderung für das europäisierte Datenschutzrecht

Die Datenverarbeitung im Zusammenhang mit sozialen Netzwerken stellt das europäisierte Datenschutzrecht vor erhebliche Herausforderungen. Globale Akteure und dezentralisierte Prozesse führen zu einer rechtlich schwer fassbaren Verantwortungsdiffusion. Die Autorin untersucht, wie effektiv das Datenschutzrecht die informationelle Selbstbestimmung von Nutzern sozialer Netzwerke, insbesondere Facebooks, absichert. Im Schwerpunkt der Betrachtung stehen dabei die Probleme der internationalen Anwendbarkeit des Datenschutzrechts, der Verantwortungsdiffusion in mehrseitigen Rechtsverhältnissen, des Rechts auf anonyme Nutzung sowie des Ausgleichs von Informations- und Machtgefällen in sozialen Netzwerken. Die Untersuchung erfolgt unter ausführlicher Berücksichtigung der europäischen Datenschutzgrundverordnung und der sich aus dieser ergebenden Änderungen der Rechtslage in Bezug auf die betrachteten Fragestellungen

A large potentiation effect of serum on the in vitro potency of tulathromycin against Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida

The antimicrobial properties of tulathromycin were investigated for M.haemolytica and P.multocida. Three invitro indices of antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill curves, were established for six isolates of each organism. Each index was measured in two growth media: Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) and calf serum. It was shown that MICs and MBCs were markedly lower in serum than in MHB. MHB:serum ratios for MIC were 47:1 (M.haemolytica) and 53:1 (P.multocida). For both serum and MHB, adjustment of pH led to greater potency at alkaline compared to acid pH. Tulathromycin MIC was influenced by size of inoculum count, being 4.0- to 7.7-fold greater for high compared to low initial counts. It was concluded that for the purpose of determining dosages for therapeutic use, pharmacodynamic data for tulathromycin should be derived in biological fluids such as serum. It is hypothesized that invitro measurement of MIC in broth, conducted according to internationally recommended standards, may be misleading as a basis for estimating the invivo potency of tulathromycin

A mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis of metaphylaxis treatments for bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle

Citation: Abell, K. M., Theurer, M. E., Larson, R. L., White, B. J., & Apley, M. (2017). A mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis of metaphylaxis treatments for bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 95(2), 626-635. doi:10.2527/jas2016.1062The objective of this project was to evaluate the effects of antimicrobials approved for parenteral metaphylactic use in feeder and stocker calves on morbidity and mortality for bovine respiratory disease with the use of a mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis. An initial literature review was conducted in April 2016 through Pubmed, Agricola, and CAB (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau) for randomized controlled trials for metaphylaxis antimicrobial administered parentally to incoming feedlot or stocker calves within 48 h of arrival. The final list of publications included 29 studies, with a total of 37 trials. There were 8 different metaphylactic antimicrobials. Final event outcomes were categorized into bovine respiratory disease (BRD) morbidity cumulative incidence d 1 to <= 60 of the feeding period, BRD morbidity cumulative incidence d 1 to closeout of the feeding period, BRD mortality cumulative incidence d 1 to closeout of the feeding period, and BRD retreatment cumulative incidence morbidity d 1 to closeout of the feeding period. Network meta-analysis combined direct and indirect evidence for all the event outcomes to determine mean odds ratio (OR) with 95% credibility intervals (CrIs) for all metaphylactic antimicrobial comparisons. The "upper tier" treatment arms for morbidity d 1 to <= 60 included tulathromycin, gamithromycin, and tilmicosin. For BRD mortality cumulative incidence d 1 to closeout and BRD retreatment morbidity d 1 to closeout, classifying the treatment arms into tiers was not possible due to overlapping 95% CrIs. The results of this project accurately identified differences between metaphylactic antimicrobials, and metaphylactic antimicrobial options appear to offer different outcomes on BRD morbidity and mortality odds in feedlot cattle