A prospective study exploring the construct and predictive validity of the COM-B model for physical activity

The final, definitive version of this paper has been published in Journal of Health Psychology, November 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317739098, published by SAGE Publishing, All rights reserved.This study examined the constructs of Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation from the COM-B model and their influence on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Using a prospective survey design, 186 healthy adults completed measures representing the Theoretical Domains Framework mapped to the COM-B, and MVPA one week later. The main indicators for the COM constructs were ‘habits’ (Capability), ‘subjective norms’ (Opportunity), and ‘exercise self-identity’ (Motivation). Motivation (77%) and MVPA (50%) were strongly predicted, with Capability and Motivation as key drivers of behaviour. Motivation was a strong mediator for Capability on behaviour. Future research should consider this approach for other populations and behaviours.Peer reviewe

Determinants of weekly sitting time: Construct validation of an initial COM-B model and comparison of its predictive validity with the Theory of Planned Behaviour

© 2020 Taylor & Francis. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Psychology & Health on 14 May 2020, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2020.1763994.Objective: In relation to sitting behaviour, to investigate which theoretical domains best formed the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation constructs of the COM-B, and compare the predictive validity to the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), taking habit strength into consideration. Design: Using a prospective design, 186 adults completed measures capturing domains from the Theoretical Domains Framework for the three COM-B constructs, and habit strength, which were examined using a formative measurement model. Predictive validity was then compared to the TPB.Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported sitting behaviour. Results: Self-monitoring (behavioural regulation domain) formed Capability; subjective norm (social influences domain) formed Opportunity; intention (intentions domain), positive affect (emotion domain), and perceived behavioural control (beliefs about capabilities domain), formed Motivation. The COM-B strongly predicted sitting behaviour (27% variance explained), with Capability, Opportunity, and habit strength as key drivers. The TPB explained a large amount of variance (23%) in sitting behaviour, with intention and habit strength as key drivers. Conclusions: The behavioural regulation domain of Capability, the social influences domain of Opportunity, and habit strength were important drivers of sitting behaviour, with comparable variance predicted in the COM-B and TPB. Future research should consider this approach to conceptualise the COM-B for specific populations and behaviours.Peer reviewe

Effect of glenoid concavity loss on shoulder stability- a case report in a professional wrestler

Background Current glenoid defect measurement techniques only quantify bone loss in terms of defect diameter or surface. However, the glenoid depth plays an important role in shoulder stabilization by means of concavity compression. Case presentation We present a case of a professional wrestler who suffered from anterior shoulder instability after sustaining a bony Bankart lesion without loss of glenoid surface area but flattening of the concavity due to medialization of the fragment. The patient’s glenoid concavity was reconstructed arthroscopically by reduction and percutaneous screw fixation of the bony fragment along with a capsulo-ligamentous shift. Changes of the glenoid concavity with according alterations in the Bony Shoulder Stability Ratio (BSSR) were analyzed on pre-op, post-op, and follow-up CT scans. Postoperative CT scans revealed a deepened concavity (3.3 mm) and improved BSSR (46.1 %) compared to pre-op scans (0.7 mm; 11.3 %). Follow-up CT scans showed a slight remodeling of the glenoid concavity (3.2 mm) with steady BSSR (44.7 %). Conclusion This case shows that the passive stabilizing effect of the glenoid can be compromised by loss of concavity despite the absence of loss of articular surface. Therefore, addressing the concavity loss and resulting reduction of the BSSR is recommended in these cases. Bony Bankart repair was successful in restoring the BSSR of the patients shoulder as determined by mathematical calculations based on CT scans

Patterns of Neoplasia in c-Mos Transgenic Mice and Their Relevance to Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia

We have previously described a neurological phenotype for transgenic mice carrying the c-Mos proto-oncogene. Pheochromocytomas and C-cell thyroid neoplasms occur in these transgenic lines in patterns that are similar to those seen in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2). Characterization of the pathological lesions via immunohistochemistry underscores similarities between MEN 2 and these transgenic mice. When transgenic mice that do not display the MEN 2 phenotype are crossed to a different background, the progeny display the MEN 2 phenotype. Thus the interaction of the background with the transgene is such that it can suppress tumor information. This observation bears special relevance to the human syndrome in that this model system may be used to study the question of penetrance of phenotype

Unfair Treatment and Self-Regulatory Focus

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89950/1/oyserman__uskul__yoder__et_al..pd

Optical control of GPR40 signalling in pancreatic β-cells

Fatty acids activate GPR40 and K+ channels to modulate β-cell function.</p

Modification of silicone elastomers with Bioglass 45S5® increases in ovo tissue biointegration

Silicone is an important material family used for various medical implants. It is biocompatible, but its bioinertness prevents cell attachment, and thus tissue biointegration of silicone implants. This often results in constrictive fibrosis and implant failure. Bioglass 45S5® (BG) could be a suitable material to alter the properties of silicone, render it bioactive and improve tissue integration. Therefore, BG micro- or nanoparticles were blended into medical-grade silicone and 2D as well as 3D structures of the resulting composites were analyzed in ovo by a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The biomechanical properties of the composites were measured and the bioactivity of the composites was verified in simulated body fluid. The bioactivity of BG-containing composites was confirmed visually by the formation of hydroxyapatite through scanning electron microscopy as well as by infrared spectroscopy. BG stiffens as prepared non-porous composites by 13% and 36% for micro- and nanocomposites respectively. In particular, after implantation for 7 days, the Young's modulus had increased significantly from 1.20 ± 0.01 to 1.57 ± 0.03 MPa for microcomposites and 1.44 ± 0.03 to 1.69 ± 0.29 MPa to for nanocpmosites. Still, the materials remain highly elastic and are comparably soft. The incorporation of BG into silicone overcame the bioinertness of the pure polymer. Although the overall tissue integration was weak, it was significantly improved for BG-containing porous silicones (+72% for microcomposites) and even further enhanced for composites containing nanoparticles (+94%). These findings make BG a suitable material to improve silicone implant properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res B Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018

Identification of platelet function defects by multi-parameter assessment of thrombus formation.

Assays measuring platelet aggregation (thrombus formation) at arterial shear rate mostly use collagen as only platelet-adhesive surface. Here we report a multi-surface and multi-parameter flow assay to characterize thrombus formation in whole blood from healthy subjects and patients with platelet function deficiencies. A systematic comparison is made of 52 adhesive surfaces with components activating the main platelet-adhesive receptors, and of eight output parameters reflecting distinct stages of thrombus formation. Three types of thrombus formation can be identified with a predicted hierarchy of the following receptors: glycoprotein (GP)VI, C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2)>GPIb>α6β1, αIIbβ3>α2β1>CD36, α5β1, αvβ3. Application with patient blood reveals distinct abnormalities in thrombus formation in patients with severe combined immune deficiency, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, May-Hegglin anomaly or grey platelet syndrome. We suggest this test may be useful for the diagnosis of patients with suspected bleeding disorders or a pro-thrombotic tendency.This work was supported by grants from the Center for Translational Molecular Medicine (INCOAG), the Dutch Heart Foundation (2011T6), the Landsteiner Foundation for Blood Transfusion Research (1006) and ZonMW (MKMD 114021004).This is the final published version. It's also available from Nature Communications at http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140716/ncomms5257/full/ncomms5257.html