The Paris Climate Agreement and the Three Largest Emitters: China, the United States, and the European Union

"The Paris Agreement would not have come into being had China, the United States (US), and the European Union (EU), which together contribute more than half of all global greenhouse gas emissions, not signaled their intent to take major steps to reduce their domestic emissions. The EU has been at the forefront of global climate change measures for years having issued binding domestic emission reduction targets for 2020 and 2030. For many years, China refused to announce a target date for when it might begin reducing its greenhouse gas emissions, and the US Congress blocked action on climate change. In the lead up to the Paris climate negotiations, however, there were major shifts in China's and the US's climate positions. This commentary examines the climate policies of the three largest emitters and the factors motivating the positions they took in the Paris negotiations. Given that the commitments made in Paris are most likely insufficient to keep global temperature from rising 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, the commentary also considers what the likelihood is that these three major economies will strengthen their emission reduction targets in the near future." (author's abstract

Correlation between the reliability of HEMT devices and that of a combined oscillator-amplifier

We evaluate an oscillator-amplifier MMIC submitted to high-temperature operating life time tests. To relate adequately these results with individual components’ results, it is important to realise that failure mechanisms in non-linear MMICs are governed by the maximally instantaneous voltages/currents and hence that comparisons should be conducted at equal instantaneous conditions

Use of Mereological Approach for Ontological Constructing in Education Tasks

Mereological approach is an important instrument of ontological analysis that deals with the different aspects of the fundamental relations between the ontology's concepts “is a part”. All mistakes of this phase result to the great problems on the understanding of the subject domain and student skills examining in the learning process. We propose to classify the subtypes of all mereological relations of domain ontology for their more correct development.Мереологический подход является важным инструментом онтологического анализа, который касается  различных аспектов фундаментальных отношения между онтологическими терминами типа “быть частью”. Ошибки, возникающие на этом этапе, приводят к значительным проблемам в понимании предметной области и оценке навыков студентов в процессе обучения. Мы предлагаем классифицировать все мереологические отношения онтологии домена для ее более корректной разработки.Мереологічний підхід є важливим інструментом онтологічного аналізу, що стосується  різних аспектів фундаментальних відношень між онтологічними термінами типу “бути частиною”. Усі помилки, що виникають на цьому етапі, приводять до значних проблем у розумінні предметної області й оцінці навичок студентів у процесі навчання. Ми пропонуємо класифікувати всі мереологічні відношення в онтології домену для її більш коректної розробки

Use of Mereological Approach for Ontological Constructing in Education Tasks

Mereological approach is an important instrument of ontological analysis that deals with the different aspects of the fundamental relations between the ontology's concepts “is a part”. All mistakes of this phase result to the great problems on the understanding of the subject domain and student skills examining in the learning process. We propose to classify the subtypes of all mereological relations of domain ontology for their more correct development.Mereological approach is an important instrument of ontological analysis that deals with the different aspects of the fundamental relations between the ontology's concepts “is a part”. All mistakes of this phase result to the great problems on the understanding of the subject domain and student skills examining in the learning process. We propose to classify the subtypes of all mereological relations of domain ontology for their more correct development

RF and IF mixer optimum matching impedances extracted by large-signal vectorial measurements

This paper introduces a new technique that allows us to measure the admittance conversion matrix of a two-port device,using a Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzer.This method is applied to extract the conversion matrix of a 0.2 µµµµm pHEMT,driven by a 4.8 GHz pump signal,at different power levels,using an intermediate frequency of 600 MHz.The issue on data inconsistency due to phase randomization among different measurements is discussed and a proper pre- processing algorithm is proposed to fix the problem. The output of this work consists of a comprehensive experimental evaluation of up-and down-conversion maximum gain,stability,and optimal RF and IF impedances