4,210 research outputs found
Internal Motility in Stiffening Actin-Myosin Networks
We present a study on filamentous actin solutions containing heavy meromyosin
subfragments of myosin II motor molecules. We focus on the viscoelastic phase
behavior and internal dynamics of such networks during ATP depletion. Upon
simultaneously using micro-rheology and fluorescence microscopy as
complementary experimental tools, we find a sol-gel transition accompanied by a
sudden onset of directed filament motion. We interpret the sol-gel transition
in terms of myosin II enzymology, and suggest a "zipping" mechanism to explain
the filament motion in the vicinity of the sol-gel transition.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Multifocal High-Grade Pancreatic Precursor Lesions: A Case Series and Management Recommendations
Background: The risk of developing invasive cancer in the remnant pancreas after resection of multifocal high-grade pancreatic precursor lesions is not well known. We report three patients who were followed up after resection of multifocal high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN)-3 or intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN), two of whom eventually developed invasive carcinoma. Presentation: 1) 68-year-old woman who had a laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for multifocal mixed-type IPMN, identified as high-grade on final pathology, with negative surgical margins. During semiannual monitoring, eight years from the first surgery, the patient developed suspicious features prompting surgical resection of the body with final pathology revealing invasive ductal adenocarcinoma in the setting of IPMN. 2) 48-year-old woman who had a distal pancreatectomy for severe acute/chronic symptomatic pancreatitis, with final pathology revealing multifocal high-grade PanIN-3, with negative surgical margins. Despite semiannual monitoring, two years from the first surgery, the patient developed pancreatic adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis. 3) 55-year-old woman who had a Whipple procedure for symptomatic chronic pancreatitis, with multifocal PanIN-3 on final pathology. The patient underwent completion pancreatectomy due to symptomatology and her high-risk profile, with final pathology confirming multifocal PanIN-3. Conclusion: Multifocal high-grade dysplastic lesions of the pancreas might benefit from surgical resection
Spectral Equivalence of Bosons and Fermions in One-Dimensional Harmonic Potentials
Recently, Schmidt and Schnack (cond-mat/9803151, cond-mat/9810036), following
earlier references, reiterate that the specific heat of N non-interacting
bosons in a one-dimensional harmonic well equals that of N fermions in the same
potential. We show that this peculiar relationship between specific heats
results from a more dramatic equivalence between bose and fermi systems.
Namely, we prove that the excitation spectrums of such bose and fermi systems
are spectrally equivalent. Two complementary proofs are provided, one based on
an analysis of the dynamical symmetry group of the N-body system, the other
using combinatoric analysis.Comment: Six Pages, No Figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev.
HATS-7b: A Hot Super Neptune Transiting a Quiet K Dwarf Star
IW ../submit_V2/abstract.txt ( Row 1 Col 1 6:48 Ctrl-K H for help We report
the discovery by the HATSouth network of HATS-7b, a transiting Super-Neptune
with a mass of 0.120+/-0.012MJ, a radius of 0.563+/-(0.046,0.034)RJ, and an
orbital period of 3.1853days. The host star is a moderately bright
(V=13.340+/-0.010mag, K_S=10.976+/-0.026mag) K dwarf star with a mass of
0.849+/-0.027Msun , a radius of 0.815+/-(0.049,-0.035)Rsun, and a metallicity
of [Fe/H]=+0.250+/-0.080. The star is photometrically quiet to within the
precision of the HATSouth measurements and has low RV jitter. HATS-7b is the
second smallest radius planet discovered by a wide-field ground-based transit
survey, and one of only a handful of Neptune-size planets with mass and radius
determined to 10% precision. Theoretical modeling of HATS-7b yields a
hydrogen-helium fraction of 18+/-4% (rock-iron core and H2-He envelope), or
9+/-4% (ice core and H2-He envelope), i.e.it has a composition broadly similar
to that of Uranus and Neptune, and very different from that of Saturn, which
has 75% of its mass in H2-He. Based on a sample of transiting exoplanets with
accurately (<20%) determined parameters, we establish approximate power-law
relations for the envelopes of the mass-density distribution of exoplanets.
HATS-7b, which, together with the recently discovered HATS-8b, is one of the
first two transiting super-Neptunes discovered in the Southern sky, is a prime
target for additional follow-up observations with Southern hemisphere
facilities to characterize the atmospheres of Super-Neptunes (which we define
as objects with mass greater than that of Neptune, and smaller than halfway
between that of Neptune and Saturn, i.e. 0.054 MJ<Mp<0.18 MJ).Comment: 11 pages, accepted for publication by Ap
HATS-8b: A Low-Density Transiting Super-Neptune
HATS-8b is a low density transiting super-Neptune discovered as part of the
HATSouth project. The planet orbits its solar-like G dwarf host (V=14.03
0.10 and T =5679 50 K) with a period of 3.5839 d. HATS-8b is the
third lowest mass transiting exoplanet to be discovered from a wide-field
ground based search, and with a mass of 0.138 0.019 M it is
approximately half-way between the masses of Neptune and Saturn. However
HATS-8b has a radius of 0.873 (+0.123,-0.075) R, resulting in a bulk
density of just 0.259 0.091 g.cm. The metallicity of the host star
is super-Solar ([Fe/H]=0.210 0.080), arguing against the idea that low
density exoplanets form from metal-poor environments. The low density and large
radius of HATS-8b results in an atmospheric scale height of almost 1000 km, and
in addition to this there is an excellent reference star of near equal
magnitude at just 19 arcsecond separation on the sky. These factors make
HATS-8b an exciting target for future atmospheric characterization studies,
particularly for long-slit transmission spectroscopy.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A
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The association between pain-induced autonomic reactivity and descending pain control is mediated by the periaqueductal grey.
There is a strict interaction between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and pain, which might involve descending pain modulatory mechanisms. The periaqueductal grey (PAG) is involved both in descending pain modulation and ANS, but its role in mediating this relationship has not yet been explored. Here, we sought to determine brain regions mediating ANS and descending pain control associations. Thirty participants underwent conditioned pain modulation (CPM) assessments, in which they rated painful pressure stimuli applied to their thumbnail, either alone or with a painful cold contralateral stimulation. Differences in pain ratings between ‘pressure-only’ and ‘pressure + cold’ stimuli provided a measure of descending pain control. In 18 of the 30 participants, structural scans and two functional MRI assessments, one pain-free and one during cold-pain were acquired. Heart rate variability (HRV) was simultaneously recorded. Normalised low-frequency HRV (LF-HRVnu) and the CPM score were negatively correlated; individuals with higher LF-HRVnu during pain reported reductions in pain during CPM. PAG-ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and PAG-rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) functional connectivity correlated negatively with the CPM. Importantly, PAG-vmPFC functional connectivity mediated the strength of the LF-HRVnu-CPM association. CPM response magnitude was also negatively correlated with vmPFC GM volume. Our multi-modal approach, using behavioural, physiological and MRI measures, provides important new evidence of interactions between ANS and descending pain mechanisms. ANS dysregulation and dysfunctional descending pain modulation are characteristics of chronic pain. We suggest that further investigation of body-brain interactions in chronic pain patients may catalyse the development of new treatments
HATS-15 b and HATS-16 b: Two massive planets transiting old G dwarf stars
We report the discovery of HATS-15 b and HATS-16 b, two massive transiting
extrasolar planets orbiting evolved ( Gyr) main-sequence stars. The
planet HATS-15 b, which is hosted by a G9V star ( mag), is a hot
Jupiter with mass of and radius of
, and completes its orbit in nearly 1.7 days.
HATS-16 b is a very massive hot Jupiter with mass of and radius of ; it orbits around
its G3 V parent star ( mag) in days. HATS-16 is slightly
active and shows a periodic photometric modulation, implying a rotational
period of 12 days which is unexpectedly short given its isochronal age. This
fast rotation might be the result of the tidal interaction between the star and
its planet.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, submitted to PAS
Star Formation Activity in the Galactic HII Complex S255-S257
We present results on the star-formation activity of an optically obscured
region containing an embedded cluster (S255-IR) and molecular gas between two
evolved HII regions S255 and S257. We have studied the complex using optical,
near-infrared (NIR) imaging, optical spectroscopy and radio continnum mapping
at 15 GHz, along with Spitzer-IRAC results. It is found that the main exciting
sources of the evolved HII regions S255 and S257 and the compact HII regions
associated with S255-IR are of O9.5 - B3 V nature, consistent with previous
observations. Our NIR observations reveal 109 likely young stellar object (YSO)
candidates in an area of ~ 4'.9 x 4'.9 centered on S255-IR, which include 69
new YSO candidates. Our observations increased the number of previously
identified YSOs in this region by 32%. To see the global star formation, we
constructed the V-I/V diagram for 51 optically identified IRAC YSOs in an area
of ~ 13' x 13' centered on S255-IR. We suggest that these YSOs have an
approximate age between 0.1 - 4 Myr, indicating a non-coeval star formation.
Using spectral energy distribution models, we constrained physical properties
and evolutionary status of 31 and 16 YSO candidates outside and inside the gas
ridge, respectively. The models suggest that the sources associated within the
gas ridge are of younger population (mean age ~ 1.2 Myr) than the sources
outside the gas ridge (mean age ~ 2.5 Myr). The positions of the young sources
inside the gas ridge at the interface of the HII regions S255 and S257, favor a
site of induced star formation.Comment: 46 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in The
Astrophysical Journa
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