Estimación de la tasa de mortalidad anual de terneros y caracterización de los sistemas de crianza en establecimientos lecheros de Uruguay

En bovinos, los periodos peri y neonatal son los más críticos luego del parto, durante ellos pueden producirse importantes pérdidas si el preparto, parto y la crianza se desarrollan en condiciones sub-óptimas. La mortalidad de los terneros depende de múltiples factores: inmunológicos, nutricionales, ambientales y sanitarios. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1-estimar lastasas nacionales anuales de mortalidad perinatal (0-2 días de vida) y mortalidad en la crianza (3-70 días de vida); 2-identificar la edad a la que se mueren los terneros y los principales síndromes clínicos observados en las guacheras; 3-caracterizar los sistemas de crianza de terneros de tambos de Uruguay; y 4-identificar prácticas de manejo asociadas a altas tasas de mortalidad. Para esto, se realizó una encuesta de representatividad nacional a productores de 225 tambos con más de 30 vacas en ordeñe, elegidos aleatoriamente en los departamentos de Colonia, San José, Florida, Río Negro, Paysandú y Canelones, recopilándose información del periodo 1/7/2013 - 30/6/2014. Los tambos fueron estratificados de acuerdo al número de vacas en ordeño. Se confeccionó una base de datos digital con las respuestas y se realizó un análisis descriptivo con STATA 14.0®. Se estimaron las inferencias de las tasas de mortalidad en la población, se realizó un análisis de la varianza (ANOVA) de la media de mortalidad en los tambos estratificados según el número de vacas en ordeñe, y un análisis de regresión logística bivariado para detectar variables asociadas a las tasas de mortalidad. Las tasas obtenidas fueron: 7,4% de mortalidad perinatal y 10,8% de mortalidad en la crianza. La mortalidad total durante todo el periodo de 0 a 70 días fue de 15,4%. Solamente la mortalidad en la crianza para dicho ejercicio productivo implicó una pérdida aproximada de 18.000 terneros. En cuanto a la edad, en 89% de los establecimientos las muertes ocurrieron principalmente en las primeras 3 semanas de vida, siendo los principales cuadros clínicos observados las diarreas neonatales y signos respiratorios, en 95% y 58% de los establecimientos, respectivamente. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las medias de mortalidad en los tambos de los distintos estratos de vacas en ordeño. Varias prácticas de manejo relacionadas al calostrado, alimentación e higiene, se realizaban de forma incorrecta en una gran proporción de tambos, las que conjuntamente podrían ser responsables de los elevados índices de mortalidad detectados. Sin embargo, hubo un 20% de establecimientos que tuvo bajas tasas de mortalidad perinatal y en la crianza (el desarrollo de tecnología nacional que esté al alcance de los productores, son herramientas necesarias para reforzar y mejorar las fallas observadas. Estudios adicionales son necesarios para analizar factores de riesgo asociados a altas tasas de mortalidad, determinar las pérdidas económicas asociadas a la mortalidad de terneros, detectar los agentes infecciosos que están implicados en los síndromes observados, así como también para realizar evaluaciones periódicas de dichos índices en tambos de UruguayIn cattle, the peri/neonatal period after parturition is a critical time for cattle health. During this period, significant losses often occur if pre-partum, partum and calf rearing practices take place under suboptimal conditions. Calf survival depends on a complex combination of management and nutritional practices, environmental and immunological factors, and health status. The objectives of this study were: 1- to estimate the annual national perinatal mortality (0-2 days of life) and the annual mortality in the rearing period (3-70 days of life); 2- to identify the primary clinical disease syndromes and the age of mortality in the rearing period; 3- to characterize the calf rearing systems used on Uruguayan dairy farms; and 4- to preliminary identify potential risk factors (variables) associated with high mortality rates. A survey was conducted to farmers and/or veterinary practitioners on 225 dairy farms with >30 milking cows, randomly selected in the departments of Colonia, San José, Florida, Río Negro, Paysandú, and Canelones, and information was collected from the period 07/01/2013 - 06/30/2014. A digital database was constructed and STATA 14.0® was used for descriptive analysis, and for estimating the annual average mortality of the dairy heifer population of Uruguay. An analysis of the variance (ANOVA) of the mean mortality in different herd size strata (milking cows) and bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Overall, 7.4% of heifer calves died during the perinatal period and 10.8% of heifer calves died during the rearing period from 3-70 days. The global mortality in the 0-70 days period was 15.4% of calves born in the period of study. On 89% of dairy farms, heifer calf deaths occurred primarily during the first 3 weeks of life. The most common clinical disease syndromes were neonatal diarrhea and respiratory disease, on 95% and 58% of the farms, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean proportion of calf mortality across the different strata of herd size. We identified that several management practices related to colostrum and milk feeding and hygiene were performed suboptimally in a large proportion of dairy farms, which could have an impact in the mortality rates. There were 20% of dairy farms that had low perinatal and rearing mortality (<5.5% for each rate). Improvement of implementation of key management practices may reduce calf mortality. Conducting extension activities for the dissemination of good management practices for calf rearing, as well as developing national technologies that are made available to dairy farmers, are necessary tools to reinforce these concepts and improve the outcome in the calf rearing period. Additional studies are needed to analyze risk factors associated with high mortality rates, to estimate the economic losses due to calf mortality, as well as to conduct diagnostic investigations to assess causes of calf mortality, and to perform periodic evaluations of such rates in Uruguayan dairy herds

Performance Characterization of State-Of-The-Art Deep Learning Workloads on an IBM Minsky Platform

Deep learning algorithms are known to demand significant computing horsepower, in particular when it comes to training these models. The capability of developing new algorithms and improving the existing ones is in part determined by the speed at which these models can be trained and tested. One alternative to attain significant performance gains is through hardware acceleration. However, deep learning has evolved into a large variety of models, including but not limited to fully-connected, convolutional, recurrent and memory networks. Therefore, it appears difficult that a single solution can provide effective acceleration for this entire deep learning ecosystem. This work presents detailed characterization results of a set of archetypal state-of-the-art deep learning workloads on a last-generation IBM POWER8 system with NVIDIA Tesla P100 GPUs and NVLink interconnects. The goal is to identify the performance bottlenecks (i.e. the accelerable portions) to provide a thorough study that can guide the design of prospective acceleration platforms in a more effective manner. In addition, we analyze the role of the GPU (as one particular type of acceleration engine) and its effectiveness as a function of the size of the problem

Caudal vena cava thrombosis in a dairy cow (Bos taurus) in Argentina

Caudal vena cava thrombosis (CVCT) is an acute disease secondary to ruminal lactic acidosis and rumenitis with fatal outcome in cattle fed with a high-grain diet. The aim of this paper is to describe CVCT in an adult Holstein cow from a herd in Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Clinical signs included dyspnea, weakness, recumbence, and hemoptysis, followed by death in 3.5 days. Important necropsy findings included multiple hepatic abscesses, a septic thrombus (4.0cm x 2.0cm) in the vena cava adjacent to the liver, and a 15cm hematoma in the right lung. Histological lesions observed in the pulmonary parenchyma included suppurative pneumonia with embolic bacterial colonies and severe interstitial fibroplasia. Dissociation and degeneration of elastic fibers were observed in the pulmonary arteries, and necrotizing vasculitis was present in the caudal vena cava. We concluded that CVCT should be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases with acute respiratory signs. The preventive measures to control the CVCT include the reduction of lactic acidosis.EEA BalcarceFil: Schild, Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA). La Estanzuela; UruguayFil: Armendano, Joaquín Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Liboreiro, Matías. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Profesional de la Actividad Privada; ArgentinaFil: Bresky, Florencia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Morrell, Eleonora Lidia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Odriozola, Ernesto Raul. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Canton, German Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentin

Pathology of cattle experimentally intoxicated with ground Ricinus communis seeds

Five Aberdeen Angus calves were inoculated intra-ruminally with ground seeds of Ricinus communis at doses of 1, 1.5, 2 or 3 gr per kg of body weight, or with saline solution (control), respectively. Grossly, all intoxicated animals showed hemorrhages in abdominal serosas, epicardium, endocardium, spleen, pre-stomachs, abomasum, and small and large intestine, and diffuse edema of the ruminal mucosa. Microscopically, in all animals inoculated with R. communis seeds, the main feature was the presence of pyknotic and karyorrhectic nuclei in the endothelium of central nervous system, hepatic, ruminal, intestinal, glomerular and alveolar capillaries, and in lymphoid cells of multiple organs. Apoptosis, confirmed by activated caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, was observed in these cells. No gross or microscopic lesions were observed in the control animal. The results of this study suggest that apoptosis is the main mechanism of cell death in cattle intoxicated with R. communis seeds.EEA BalcarceFil: Marin, Raúl. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; Argentina.Fil: Schild, Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA); Uruguay.Fil: García, Juan. Universidad de la República. Centro Universitario de la Región del Este; Uruguay.Fil: Cantón, Germán. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Micheloud, Juan. INTA, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina.Fil: Morrell, Eleonora. INTA, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina.Fil: Uzal, Francisco. Universidad de California; Estados Unidos

Acute and chronic bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema in Uruguay

An outbreak of pulmonary edema and emphysema with acute and chronic cases is reported in a farm in Uruguay. In a herd of 40 Hereford steers, 20 died. The deaths began four days after a change of paddock, from an old pasture of Avena sativa to a lush growing pasture of the same grass. Acutely affected animals showed severe dyspnea, sialorrhea, cough, and subcutaneous edema, and died within 72 hours. Chronically affected steers showed dyspnea, respiratory noises, weight loss, and intolerance to exercise. The deaths began four days after the change of paddock. Ten days after the first death, the steers were withdrawn from the pasture, but continued dying throughout the following 40 days. Twenty animals died and six were necropsied. Grossly, the lungs were diffusely armed and glistening, with reddish and crepitant cut surface, and presented alveolar septae sharply distended by edema and emphysema. There was subpleural emphysema with air blebs distributed across the pleural surface. Presence of Dictyocaulus viviparus was observed in three steers. In some animals, the trachea was diffusely reddish with presence of pink foam; in some others, there was bloody liquid in the tracheal lumen. Histologic examination showed severe diffuse alveolar and interstitial emphysema, hyaline membranes adhered to the alveolar wall, thickening of the interlobular septae with proliferation of type II pneumocytes, and moderate-to-severe multifocal histiocytic, neutrophilic and eosinophilic infiltrate. In the trachea, there was submucosal hemorrhage and moderate multifocal eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltrate. The steers with chronic signs presented similar lung lesions, but multifocal pulmonary fibrosis and cardiac dilatation were also observed. The diagnosis of acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema (ABPE) was based on the occurrence of the disease after introduction of the herd in a lush green pasture, on the characteristic gross and histologic lesions, and on the absence of other toxic or infectious agents causing similar lesions. Cattle raisers should be alert to the risks of occurrence of this disease after the introduction of the herds into paddocks with green and lush pasture

Pentalogy of Fallot in a Crioulo Foal

Background: Cardiac anomalies account for 3.5% of congenital defects in horses. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is characterized by ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, dextroposition the aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy secondary.Pentalogy of Fallot (POF) is a variation and is characterized by a defect in the right atrioventricular valve or persistence of the ductus arteriosus, in addition to the other defects observed in tetralogy. Affected animals usually have stunted growth,exercise intolerance, weakness, lethargy, cyanosis, dyspnea and syncope. The aim of this study was to describe a case of POF, as diagnosed in a Crioulo foal in southern Brazil.Case: Clinical signs were observed at the ffth day of life and were characterized by cyanosis, intense tracheal stertor, tachycardia, marked heart murmur, HR 160 bpm, RR 80 breaths/min, T 39.8°C and syncope. These signs worsened with physical activity. Endoscopic evaluation of the upper airways revealed no anatomical conformation changes or tissue dysfunction. A cardiac ultrasound showed a loss of continuity of the interventricular septum, right ventricular wall thickening, and a hyperechoic appearance of the area where the right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) should be. The crises have become more severe and more frequent, the animal began to show signs of ischemia, such as loss of motor coordination and limited mobility. The foal died at 15 days old. At necropsy the liver was congested and had a nutmeg appearance, there was foam in the trachea, and the lungs were edematous. There was hydropericardium, and the heart was increased in size with a globoid shape. The heart had thickening of the walls of the right and left ventricle and pulmonary artery stenosis. There was also an oval orifce 2.5 cm in diameter in the interventricular septum connecting the ventricles (ventricular septal defect), an overriding aorta and aplasia of the tricuspid valve. Histologically the liver had centrilobular to mediozonal necrosis, and there was pulmonary edema and congestion.Discussion: The diagnosis of pentalogy of Fallot was based on the clinical signs, the ultrasound results and the macroscopic lesions observed at necropsy. Tetralogy of Fallot is one of the most common congenital cardiac malformations observed in horses, however, in a study of congenital malformations in this species, only 3.5% had cardiac malformations out ofthe 608 foals examined. The prevalence of heart defects in horses compared with other domestic species is relatively low (0.1% - 0.5%). In this case, the malformation was probably sporadic because the foal was the only animal to be born with this malformation on the farm. In the Crioulo breed, congenital defect reports are scarce. In a retrospective study of equine diseases in southern Brazil over a period of 35 years, malformations were not observed in 708 horses of this breed, whichis the predominant breed in the region. In the present case, the fact that the mare had another three healthy foals with the same stallion reduces the possibility that this was a case of hereditary origin. It is likely that this case is of a sporadic nature with no chance of determining the cause. The differential diagnoses in animals with lethargy, cyanosis, and exerciseintolerance or syncope include complicated or multiple cardiac defects. There are no previous reports of TOF and POF in the Crioulo breed in Brazil.Keywords: Pentalogia de Fallot, cardiac ultrasound, cardiac malformation, horse

Phylogenetic analyses of rotavirus a from cattle in uruguay reveal the circulation of common and uncommon genotypes and suggest interspecies transmission

Uruguay is one of the main exporters of beef and dairy products, and cattle production is one of the main economic sectors in this country. Rotavirus A (RVA) is the main pathogen associated with neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), a syndrome that leads to significant economic losses to the livestock industry. The aims of this study are to determine the frequency of RVA infections, and to analyze the genetic diversity of RVA strains in calves in Uruguay. A total of 833 samples from dairy and beef calves were analyzed through RT-qPCR and sequencing. RVA was detected in 57.0% of the samples. The frequency of detection was significantly higher in dairy (59.5%) than beef (28.4%) calves (p < 0.001), while it did not differ significantly among calves born in herds that were vaccinated (64.0%) or not vaccinated (66.7%) against NCD. The frequency of RVA detection and the viral load were significantly higher in samples from diarrheic (72.1%, 7.99 log10 genome copies/mL of feces) than non-diarrheic (59.9%, 7.35 log10 genome copies/mL of feces) calves (p < 0.005 and p = 0.007, respectively). The observed G-types (VP7) were G6 (77.6%), G10 (20.7%), and G24 (1.7%), while the P-types were P[5] (28.4%), P[11] (70.7%), and P[33] (0.9%). The G-type and P-type combinations were G6P[11] (40.4%), G6P[5] (38.6%), G10P[11] (19.3%), and the uncommon genotype G24P[33] (1.8%). VP6 and NSP1-5 genotyping were performed to better characterize some strains. The phylogenetic analyses suggested interspecies transmission, including transmission between animals and humans.Fil: Castells, Matías. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Caffarena, Rubén Darío. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Casaux, María Laura. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Schild, Carlos. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Miño, Samue. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Castells, Felipe. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Castells, Daniel. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Victoria, Matías. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Riet Correa, Franklin. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Giannitti, Federico. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Parreño, Gladys Viviana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación En Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Instituto de Virología E Innovaciones Tecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Colina, Rodney. Universidad de la República; Urugua

White muscle disease in three selenium deficient beef and dairy calves in Argentina and Uruguay

White muscle disease (WMD), nutritional myodegeneration or enzootic muscular dystrophy, is a nutritional condition associated with selenium and/or vitamin E deficiency in ruminants. These elements are constituents of the major body antioxidant systems. Depletion of selenium results in oxidative damage to cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, resulting in myodegeneration and myonecrosis, typical lesions of WMD. Selenium deficiency is common in South America, but WMD is underreported. This research describes clinical, biochemical and pathological findings in two episodes of WMD associated with selenium deficiency in beef and dairy calves in Argentina and Uruguay with concurrent copper deficiency in one of them, which resulted in spontaneous calf mortality. Further studies are necessary to estimate the true incidence and economic impact of clinical and subclinical mineral deficiencies in livestock production systems in the southern cone of South America.Doença do músculo branco (DMB), miodegeneração nutricional ou distrofia muscular enzoótica é uma condição nutricional associada à deficiência de selênio e/ou vitamina E em ruminantes. Esses elementos são constituintes dos principais sistemas antioxidantes do corpo. O esgotamento de selênio resulta em dano oxidativo às células musculares cardíacas e esqueléticas, resultando em miodegeneração e mionecrose, lesões típicas da DMB. A deficiência de selênio é comum na América do Sul, mas a DMB está subnotificada. Este trabalho descreve os achados clínicos, bioquímicos e patológicos em dois surtos de DMB associados à deficiência de selênio em bezerros para carne e leite na Argentina e Uruguai com concomitante deficiência de cobre em um surto, que resultaram em mortalidade espontânea de bezerros. São necessários mais estudos para estimar a verdadeira incidência e impacto econômico das deficiências minerais clínicas e subclínicas nos sistemas de produção pecuária no sul da América do Sul.EEA Cuenca del SaladoFil: Rodriguez, Alejandro Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cuenca del Salado; ArgentinaFil: Schild, Carlos Omar. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela; UruguayFil: Canton, German Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Riet‐Correa, Franklin. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela; UruguayFil: Armendano, Joaquín Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Caffarena, Rubén Dario. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela; UruguayFil: Brambilla, Emilio Cesar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: García, Juan Agustín. Universidad de la República. Centro Universitario Regional Este; UruguayFil: Morrell, Eleonora Lidia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Poppenga, Robert. University of California at Davis. School of Veterinary Medicine. California Animal Health and Food Safety (CAHFS). Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Giannitti, Federico. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela; Uruguay. University of Minnesota. College of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Population Medicine Department; Estados Unido

Beam mask and sliding window-facilitated deep learning-based accurate and efficient dose prediction for pencil beam scanning proton therapy

Purpose: To develop a DL-based PBSPT dose prediction workflow with high accuracy and balanced complexity to support on-line adaptive proton therapy clinical decision and subsequent replanning. Methods: PBSPT plans of 103 prostate cancer patients and 83 lung cancer patients previously treated at our institution were included in the study, each with CTs, structure sets, and plan doses calculated by the in-house developed Monte-Carlo dose engine. For the ablation study, we designed three experiments corresponding to the following three methods: 1) Experiment 1, the conventional region of interest (ROI) method. 2) Experiment 2, the beam mask (generated by raytracing of proton beams) method to improve proton dose prediction. 3) Experiment 3, the sliding window method for the model to focus on local details to further improve proton dose prediction. A fully connected 3D-Unet was adopted as the backbone. Dose volume histogram (DVH) indices, 3D Gamma passing rates, and dice coefficients for the structures enclosed by the iso-dose lines between the predicted and the ground truth doses were used as the evaluation metrics. The calculation time for each proton dose prediction was recorded to evaluate the method's efficiency. Results: Compared to the conventional ROI method, the beam mask method improved the agreement of DVH indices for both targets and OARs and the sliding window method further improved the agreement of the DVH indices. For the 3D Gamma passing rates in the target, OARs, and BODY (outside target and OARs), the beam mask method can improve the passing rates in these regions and the sliding window method further improved them. A similar trend was also observed for the dice coefficients. In fact, this trend was especially remarkable for relatively low prescription isodose lines. The dose predictions for all the testing cases were completed within 0.25s

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis sheep type strain in Uruguay: evidence for a wider geographic distribution in South America

Johne's disease (JD) is an economically important disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), which also infects other species including humans. Two major MAP strain types are currently recognized: sheep (S) and cattle (C) types. Information on JD prevalence and MAP types infecting small ruminants in South America is limited, and all but one of the MAP types reported from this region are of the C type. This study describes clinicopathological, molecular and microbiological findings in 11 cases of JD caused by a type S MAP strain, and estimated true within-flock prevalence in a ~735-sheep operation in Uruguay. Postmortem examination and histology (hematoxylin-eosin and Ziehl-Neelsen stains) of samples from 41 selected sheep revealed lymphohistiocytic/granulomatous enteritis and mesenteric lymphadenitis in 11 animals, with moderate/severe multibacillary lesions in 6 clinical cases, and minimal/mild paucibacillary lesions in 5 sub-clinical cases. Immunohistochemistry using an antibody against Mycobacterium bovis that cross-reacts with MAP (2 cases), and transmission electron microscopy (1 case), revealed myriads of intrahistiocytic mycobacteria. MAP was isolated in one case and detected by PCR in 6 cases. The S type of MAP was identified using a multiplex PCR that distinguishes between S and C types, and PCR-REA. The estimated true within-flock prevalence was ≤ 2.3%. This represents the first communication on within-flock prevalence of JD associated with a type S MAP strain in South America and the second documentation of this strain in the subcontinent. Additional studies are required to better understand the molecular epidemiology of the different MAP types in the region.Centro de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Veterinaria