Laser Linewidth Tolerant EVM Estimation Approach for Intelligent Signal Quality Monitoring Relying on Feedforward Neural Networks

Robustness against the large linewidth semiconductor laser-induced impairments in coherent systems is experimentally demonstrated for a feedforward neural network-enabled EVM estimation scheme. A mean error of 0.4% is achieved for 28 Gbaud square and circular QAM signals and linewidths up to 12.3 MHz

Deep Learning Assisted Pre-Carrier Phase Recovery EVM Estimation for Coherent Transmission Systems

We exploit deep supervised learning and amplitude histograms of coherent optical signals captured before carrier phase recovery (CPR) to perform time-sensitive and accurate error vector magnitude (EVM) estimation for 32 Gbaud mQAM signal monitoring purposes

As diferentes linguagens no estágio curricular supervisionado em Geografia durante o período pandêmico

The teaching-learning processes are constantly changing and exerting influence, as influences in the political, cultural and conjunctural spheres of the COVID-19 health crisis. Resolutions to social isolation measures, such as educational institutions for those taken to carry out access to didactic solutions and methodologies to guarantee the continuity of the school period and private classes. Given this context, this article discusses and analyzes the use of languages in the teaching of different people, based on the reality that the pandemic period imposed on Brazilian geography in most of the 2020 education months. bibliography and report of the teaching practice that took place during the second semester of 2020, in the subject of Supervised Curricular Internship in Geography, at the University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC). From materials, valorization as diverse ideas of teacher training in Geography experienced in remote format, use of different teaching languages of didactic employment such as newspapers, articulated photographs, maps and political speeches to teaching.Os processos de ensino-aprendizagem estão em constante transformação e renovação derivados de influências que abarcam a esfera política, social, cultural e conjuntural, como a crise sanitária decorrente da pandemia da COVID-19. Devido às medidas de isolamento social, as instituições de ensino foram levadas a realizar adaptações didáticas e metodológicas na tentativa de garantir a continuidade do período letivo e o acesso dos estudantes às aulas. Diante desse contexto, este artigo discute e analisa o uso de diferentes linguagens no ensino de geografia, a partir da realidade que o período pandêmico impôs à educação brasileira em grande parte dos meses de 2020. A pesquisa que é descritiva e exploratória, contou com levantamento bibliográfico e relato da prática docente ocorrida durante o segundo semestre letivo de 2020, na disciplina de Estágio Curricular Supervisionado em Geografia, da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). As conclusões valorizam as diversas perspectivas da formação docente em Geografia vivenciadas no formato remoto, e o uso de diferentes linguagens no ensino a partir do emprego de materiais didáticos digitais como jornais, fotografias, charges, mapas e discursos políticos articulados ao tema trabalho

Application of a genetic risk score to racially diverse type 1 diabetes populations demonstrates the need for diversity in risk-modeling

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Prior studies identified HLA class-II and 57 additional loci as contributors to genetic susceptibility for type 1 diabetes (T1D). We hypothesized that race and/or ethnicity would be contextually important for evaluating genetic risk markers previously identified from Caucasian/European cohorts. We determined the capacity for a combined genetic risk score (GRS) to discriminate disease-risk subgroups in a racially and ethnically diverse cohort from the southeastern U.S. including 637 T1D patients, 46 at-risk relatives having two or more T1D-related autoantibodies (≥2AAb+), 790 first-degree relatives (≤1AAb+), 68 second-degree relatives (≤1 AAb+), and 405 controls. GRS was higher among Caucasian T1D and at-risk subjects versus ≤ 1AAb+ relatives or controls (P < 0.001). GRS receiver operating characteristic AUC (AUROC) for T1D versus controls was 0.86 (P < 0.001, specificity = 73.9%, sensitivity = 83.3%) among all Caucasian subjects and 0.90 for Hispanic Caucasians (P < 0.001, specificity = 86.5%, sensitivity = 84.4%). Age-at-diagnosis negatively correlated with GRS (P < 0.001) and associated with HLA-DR3/DR4 diplotype. Conversely, GRS was less robust (AUROC = 0.75) and did not correlate with age-of-diagnosis for African Americans. Our findings confirm GRS should be further used in Caucasian populations to assign T1D risk for clinical trials designed for biomarker identification and development of personalized treatment strategies. We also highlight the need to develop a GRS model that accommodates racial diversity.Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health P01 AI42288 (MAA), R01 DK106191 (TMB), UC4 DK104194 (CEM), and from the JDRF Career Development Award (2–2012–280 to TMB). RAO is supported by a Diabetes UK Harry Keen Fellowship. DJP is supported by the JDRF Postdoctoral Fellowship Award (2-PDF-2016-207-A-N)

Feedforward Neural Network-Based EVM Estimation: Impairment Tolerance in Coherent Optical Systems

Error vector magnitude (EVM) is commonly used for evaluating the quality of m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (mQAM) signals. Recently proposed deep learning techniques for EVM estimation extend the functionality of conventional optical performance monitoring (OPM). In this article, we evaluate the tolerance of our developed EVM estimation scheme against various impairments in coherent optical systems. In particular, we analyze the signal quality monitoring capabilities in the presence of residual in-phase/quadrature (IQ) imbalance, fiber nonlinearity, and laser phase noise. We use feedforward neural networks (FFNNs) to extract the EVM information from amplitude histograms of 100 symbols per IQ cluster signal sequence captured before carrier phase recovery. We perform simulations of the considered impairments, along with an experimental investigation of the impact of laser phase noise. To investigate the tolerance of the EVM estimation scheme to each impairment type, we compare the accuracy for three training methods: 1) training without impairment, 2) training one model for all impairments, and 3) training an independent model for each impairment. Results indicate a good generalization of the proposed EVM estimation scheme, thus providing a valuable reference for developing next-generation intelligent OPM systems

Linear Regression vs. Deep Learning for Signal Quality Monitoring in Coherent Optical Systems

Error vector magnitude (EVM) is a metric for assessing the quality of m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (mQAM) signals. Recently proposed deep learning techniques, e.g., feedforward neural networks (FFNNs) -based EVM estimation scheme leverage fast signal quality monitoring in coherent optical communication systems. Such a scheme estimates EVM from amplitude histograms (AHs) of short signal sequences captured before carrier phase recovery (CPR). In this work, we explore further complexity reduction by proposing a simple linear regression (LR) -based EVM monitoring method. We systematically compare the performance of the proposed method with the FFNN-based scheme and demonstrate its capability to infer EVM from an AH when the modulation format information is known in advance. We perform both simulation and experiment to show that the LR-based EVM estimation method achieves a comparable accuracy as the FFNN-based scheme. The technique can be embedded with modulation format identification modules to provide comprehensive signal information. Therefore, this work paves the way to design a fast-learning scheme with parsimony as a future intelligent OPM enabler

Genetic risk for autoimmunity is associated with distinct changes in the human gut microbiome

Susceptibility to many human autoimmune diseases is under strong genetic control by class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele combinations. These genes remain by far the greatest risk factors in the development of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. Despite this, little is known about HLA influences on the composition of the human gut microbiome, a potential source of environmental influence on disease. Here, using a general population cohort from the All Babies in Southeast Sweden study, we report that genetic risk for developing type 1 diabetes autoimmunity is associated with distinct changes in the gut microbiome. Both the core microbiome and beta diversity differ with HLA risk group and genotype. In addition, protective HLA haplotypes are associated with bacterial genera Intestinibacter and Romboutsia. Thus, general population cohorts are valuable in identifying potential environmental triggers or protective factors for autoimmune diseases that may otherwise be masked by strong genetic control

PET-Saúde/Interprofissionalidade: estudo de caso de um usuário da atenção primária à saúde de um município do oeste catarinense

Introdução: Instituído no ano de 2018, o Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) Interprofissionalidade é um projeto de extensão com ações centradas no Ensino Superior e Profissional, e possui uma abordagem que contempla, além da interdisciplinaridade acadêmica, a pluralidade institucional, uma vez que abrange Instituições de Ensino Superior públicas e privadas de caráter comunitário e Secretarias de Saúde, como no PET de Chapecó¹. Inseridos na Estratégia Saúde da Família, o projeto busca implementar a interprofissionalidade, que se mostra de suma importância pois permite uma abordagem integral na assistência à saúde². Objetivo: Relatar um estudo de caso complexo por integrantes do PET-Saúde/Interprofissionalidade e profissionais de um Centro de Saúde da Família (CSF) da região Oeste de Santa Catarina. Metodologia: Inicialmente, elencou-se, dentro da área de abrangência do CSF, o caso complexo de um paciente em que se identificaram fragilidades possíveis de serem sanadas com uma abordagem interprofissional. Em seguida, os petianos, em reunião, definiram a data para realização da visita domiciliar, bem como quais seriam os integrantes a participar. Assim, a coordenadora do grupo, alguns preceptores e acadêmicos, acompanhados do Agente Comunitário de Saúde, foram até a residência do paciente. Destaca-se a formação multiprofissional da equipe que realizou a visita. Resultados: A partir da visita, observaram-se, principalmente, necessidades psicológicas no indivíduo, evidenciadas por relatos de episódios de amnésia, tanto no uso dos medicamentos, quanto nos hábitos diários. Além disso, o fato do paciente morar sozinho também se mostrou relevante, pois além de ir sozinho nas consultas, também apresentou dificuldades de compreensão no tratamento, o que prejudica a corresponsabilidade por sua situação de saúde. Diante disso, evidencia-se a necessidade de um olhar integral nas visitas domiciliares, o que pode ser proporcionado pelas práticas colaborativas e interprofissionalidade no ambiente de trabalho. Ou seja, ainda que a visita não seja realizada por uma equipe multiprofissional, os saberes compartilhados a partir das práticas colaborativas podem proporcionar aos profissionais as competências necessárias para prestar uma assistência integral à saúde do indivíduo, de modo a identificar fragilidades biopsicossociais e realizar o encaminhamento adequado³. Particularmente, este caso complexo proporcionou aos participantes a visualização de como a interprofissionalidade pode contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade da assistência. Considerações Finais: A experiência mostrou-se exitosa, tanto na melhoria da qualidade da assistência, quanto no acréscimo de conhecimento interprofissional dos petianos e profissionais de saúde envolvidos, que puderam experienciar as potencialidades das práticas colaborativas no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde. Palavras-chave: Colaboração Intersetorial. Ensino. Sistema Único de Saúde. Atenção Primária à Saúde

Comparison of 5-year progression of retinitis pigmentosa involving the posterior pole among siblings by means of SD-OCT: a retrospective study

The blockchain technology promises to transform finance, money and evengovernments. However, analyses of blockchain applicability and robustness typicallyfocus on isolated systems whose actors contribute mainly by running the consensusalgorithm. Here, we highlight the importance of considering trustless platformswithin the broader ecosystem that includes social and communication networks. Asan example, we analyse the flash-crash observed on 21st June 2017 in the Ethereumplatform and show that a major phenomenon of social coordination led to acatastrophic cascade of events across several interconnected systems. We proposethe concept of “emergent centralisation” to describe situations where a single systembecomes critically important for the functioning of the whole ecosystem, and arguethat such situations are likely to become more and more frequent in interconnectedsocio-technical systems. We anticipate that the systemic approach we propose willhave implications for future assessments of trustless systems and call for the attentionof policy-makers on the fragility of our interconnected and rapidly changing world

Characterizing the Chemistry of the Milky Way Stellar Halo: Detailed Chemical Analysis of a Metal-Poor Stellar Stream

We present the results of a detailed abundance analysis of one of the confirmed building blocks of the Milky Way stellar halo, a kinematically-coherent metal-poor stellar stream. We have obtained high resolution and high S/N spectra of 12 probable stream members using the MIKE spectrograph on the Magellan-Clay Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory and the 2dCoude spectrograph on the Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory. We have derived abundances or upper limits for 51 species of 46 elements in each of these stars. The stream members show a range of metallicity (-3.4 < [Fe/H] < -1.5) but are otherwise chemically homogeneous, with the same star-to-star dispersion in [X/Fe] as the rest of the halo. This implies that, in principle, a significant fraction of the Milky Way stellar halo could have formed from accreted systems like the stream. The stream stars show minimal evolution in the alpha or Fe-group elements over the range of metallicity. This stream is enriched with material produced by the main and weak components of the rapid neutron-capture process and shows no evidence for enrichment by the slow neutron-capture process.Comment: v2: Removed references to M15 after learning that the source kinematic data for M15 were incorrect in an earlier paper. M15 is not related to this stream. (ApJ, accepted; 31 pages, 18 figures, 11 tables