Biossegurança entre profissionais de odontologia na atenção básica do serviço público do Paraná e associação com fatores contextuais em tempos de Covid-19

Orientadora: Profª. Dra Giovana Daniela PecharkiCoorientadora: Profª. Dra Thays Regina Ferreira da CostaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Família. Defesa : Curitiba, 30/08/2022Inclui referênciasResumo: A COVID-19 demonstrou alta transmissibilidade e grande mortalidade ao redor do mundo. A doença é transmitida especialmente pelo ar, por contato com partículas aerossolizadas contendo o Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), gerando maior preocupação nos profissionais de saúde bucal pela considerável exposição e possibilidade de transmissão cruzada. Percebe-se a importância da biossegurança em Odontologia, seja pela adoção de medidas adicionais de controle ou ainda pela reformulação de práticas, no enfrentamento da COVID-19. O presente estudo buscou avaliar as medidas de biossegurança adotadas por profissionais de Odontologia do Paraná, na atenção básica, e associá-las a fatores contextuais elencados, no período da primeira onda da pandemia de COVID-19. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com questionário on-line para profissionais da Odontologia. A amostra para o serviço público paranaense, na atenção básica, foi de 486 trabalhadores em três categorias odontológicas: 324 (66,7%) cirurgiões-dentistas; 162 (33,3%) auxiliares e técnicos de saúde bucal. Predominou o gênero feminino (82.5%), o vínculo estatutário (76,5%) e a macrorregião leste do Paraná (54,9%). A amostra estava distribuída em 148 (37,1%) dos municípios paranaenses. Dados primários sobre medidas de biossegurança adotadas na Odontologia e dados secundários contextuais foram analisados por meio do teste qui-quadrado e cálculo de razão de chances. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p <0,05. Os profissionais avaliados no estudo, apresentaram pequena participação (25,4%) na tomada de decisões, o que foi ainda menor nos municípios de pequeno porte e com IDH-m mais baixos. A suspensão de atendimentos eletivos teve maior chance de ocorrer em municípios de menor porte, menor cobertura de equipes de saúde bucal e também com as menores despesas. A rotina de esterilização das canetas odontológicas foi mais observada em municípios com despesas totais mais altas. Os participantes de municípios com IDH-m maiores e coberturas menores de equipes de saúde bucal tiveram maior disponibilidade de máscara N-95 e avental impermeável. Em municípios de médio porte houve chance maior de receber orientações de prevenção e controle da COVID-19 que naqueles de pequeno porte. Na presente pesquisa observou-se associações entre as medidas de biossegurança adotadas pelos participantes e os fatores contextuais analisados.Abstract: COVID-19 has demonstrated high transmissibility and high mortality around the world. The disease is transmitted mainly through the air,percontact with aerosolized particles containing theSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), generating greatest concern in oral health professionals for the considerable exposure and possibility of cross transmission.It is noticed the importance of biosafety in Dentistry, either by adopting additional control measures or by reformulating practices, in the face of COVID-19 The present study sought to evaluate the biosecurity measures adopted by Dentistry professionals in Paraná, in primary care, and associate them with the listed contextual factors, in the period of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. He was a complished a cross-sectional study with an online questionnaire pair the dentistry professionals. The sample for the Paraná public servisse in primary care was of 486 workers in three categories dental 324 (66.7%) dentists 162 (33.3%) oral health assistants and technicians. The female gender predominated (82.5%), the statutory bond (76.5%) and the macro-region east of Paraná (54.9%). The sample was distributed in 148 (37.1%) from Paraná municipalities. Primary data on biosafety measures adopted in dentistry and secondary contextual data were analyzed using the chi-square test and odds ratio calculation. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The professionals evaluated in the study showed little participation (25.4%) in decision-making, which was even lower in small municipalities and with lower HDI-m.The suspension of elective care was more likely to occur in smaller municipalities, with less coverage by oral health teams and also with lower expenses. The sterilization routine of dental pens was more observed in municipalities with higher total expenses. Participants from municipalities with higher HDI-m and lower coverage by oral health teams had greater availability of N-95 masks and waterproof aprons.vel. In medium-sized municipalities, there was a greater chance of receiving guidance on the prevention and control of COVID-19 than in small-sized ones. In the present research, associations were observed between the biosecurity measures adopted by the participants and thecontextual factors analyzed

Educação em saúde na estratégia saúde da família : abordagens educacionais inovadoras para a saúde dos adolescentes do território de unidade de saúde em Colombo / Paraná

Orientadora : Prof. Dra. Maria Marta Nolasco ChavesProjeto Técnico (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Curso de Especialização em Gestão em SaúdeInclui referênciasResumo : Educação em saúde é um tema abordado com frequência na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), porém na maioria das vezes a reflexão sobre o que é educar e como educar em saúde ocorre somente de forma superficial ou então nem ocupa espaço na agenda dos profissionais e dos gestores desses serviços de saúde. O presente estudo segue na linha de revisão de literatura sobre esse importante tema, além da apresentação de proposta de atuação, trabalhando com população adolescente do território abrangido por unidade de saúde de Colombo/Pr. Seguirá com ações que se propõem a estimular a transformação do indivíduo e de seus grupos de inserção na família e na comunidade além de mudanças na prática profissional. As metodologias ativas e a aprendizagem significativa foram escolhidas para conduzir as atividades educacionais neste estudo, sendo abordagens educacionais inovadoras que partem daquilo que o indivíduo e o grupo já conhecem para então fazer acréscimos que promovam ressignificações no grupo. O presente projeto tem como ações práticas: o planejamento estratégico anual das atividades de educação em saúde com grupos adolescentes do território; educação em saúde para a população alvo e concomitante a ações que propiciem um melhor diagnóstico da realidade de saúde através de estimativa rápida, evidenciação de biofilme e coleta de dados numéricos quanto à gestação na adolescência na população acompanhada, entre outros questionamentos sobre saúde. A intervenção proposta será realizada de forma multidisciplinar e integrando os demais profissionais da unidade, e, por conseguinte o trabalho com os profissionais da unidade de saúde acontecerá de forma simultânea e reflexiva ao trabalho com adolescentes, tanto nos grupos instituídos na unidade de saúde de estudo no município de Colombo/Pr, quanto com os escolares adolescentes de duas escolas da área de abrangência

Surface morphology and magnetic anisotropy in (Ga,Mn)As

Atomic Force Microscopy and Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements have revealed the presence of ripples aligned along the $[1\bar{1}0]$ direction on the surface of (Ga,Mn)As layers grown on GaAs(001) substrates and buffer layers, with periodicity of about 50 nm in all samples that have been studied. These samples show the strong symmetry breaking uniaxial magnetic anisotropy normally observed in such materials. We observe a clear correlation between the amplitude of the surface ripples and the strength of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy component suggesting that these ripples might be the source of such anisotropy.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Replaced with published versio

Three-dimensional diffraction mapping by tuning the X-ray energy

Three-dimensional reciprocal-space maps of a single SiGe island around the Si(004) Bragg peak are recorded using an energy-tuning technique with a microfocused X-ray beam with compound refractive lenses as focusing optics

Self-organization on surfaces: foreword

After decades of work, the growth of continuous thin films, i.e., two-dimensional structures, is progressively becoming a technological issue more than a field of fundamental research. Incidentally self-organization of nanostructures on surfaces is now an important field of research, i.e., structures of dimensionality one or zero, with a steep rise of attention in the past five years. Whereas self-organization was initially motivated by potential applications, it has up to now essentially contributed to the advancement of fundamental science in low dimensions, as model systems could be produced that could not have been fabricated by lithography. This Special Issue aims at giving a cross-community timely overview of the field. The Issue gathers a broad panel of articles covering various self-organization mechanisms, specific structural characterization, physical properties, and current trends in extending the versatility of growth. The materials mostly covered here are semiconductors and magnetic materials.Comment: Foreword of the Editor to Special Issue on Self-organization on surface

Electrode-induced lattice distortions in GaAs multi-quantum-dot arrays

Copyright © Materials Research Society 2019. Increasing the number of quantum bits while preserving precise control of their quantum electronic properties is a significant challenge in materials design for the development of semiconductor quantum computing devices. Semiconductor heterostructures can host multiple quantum dots that are electrostatically defined by voltages applied to an array of metallic nanoelectrodes. The structural distortion of multiple-quantum-dot devices due to elastic stress associated with the electrodes has been difficult to predict because of the large micrometer-scale overall sizes of the devices, the complex spatial arrangement of the electrodes, and the sensitive dependence of the magnitude and spatial variation of the stress on processing conditions. Synchrotron X-ray nanobeam Bragg diffraction studies of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure reveal the magnitude and nanoscale variation of these distortions. Investigations of individual linear electrodes reveal lattice tilts consistent with a 28-MPa compressive residual stress in the electrodes. The angular magnitude of the tilts varies by up to 20% over distances of less than 200 nm along the length of the electrodes, consistent with heterogeneity in the metal residual stress. A similar variation of the crystal tilt is observed in multiple-quantum-dot devices, due to a combination of the variation of the stress and the complex electrode arrangement. The heterogeneity in particular can lead to significant challenges in the scaling of multiple-quantum-dot devices due to differences between the charging energies of dots and uncertainty in the potential energy landscape. Alternatively, if incorporated in design, stress presents a new degree of freedom in device fabrication

Structural properties of Ge/Si(001) nano-islands by diffraction anomalous fine structure and multiwavelength anomalous diffraction

8 pags, 6 figs, 2 tabsIn the present paper, we aim to show the interest of combining Multiwavelength Anomalous Diffraction (MAD) and Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure (DAFS) spectroscopy, in grazing incidence, to obtain structural properties (composition, strain and atomic ordering) of semiconductor heterostructures and nanostructures. As an example we report on preliminary results obtained on a series of Ge/Si(001) nano-island samples: pyramides and domes on nominal and prepatterned surfaces. For free standing domes, it is shown that the Ge content strongly depends on the growth condition with a tendency to increase from the bottom to the top of the nano-islands. There is also some indication of atomic ordering in the upper part of the islands. For small, capped pyramids, we show that the Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure spectroscopy is the unique non destructive method that allows to recover the actual Ge content, the in-plane and out-of-plane strain and to detect atomic ordering. © EDP Sciences and Springer 2009

Modified strain and elastic energy behavior of Ge islands formed on high-miscut Si(0 0 1) substrates

Abstract We investigate here the influence of Si substrate miscut on the strain and elastic energy of Ge islands. We show how the morphology, composition and the elastic energy for 4 and 13 monolayers (ML) Ge islands grown at 600 °C and 730 °C on vicinal Si(0 0 1) surfaces change with miscut angles ranging between 0° and 10°. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy is used to determine the island morphology. Resonant x-ray diffraction near the Ge-K absorption edge allows the determination of the Ge concentration as well as the elastic energy stored on such structures from their dependency on the lattice parameter. Simulations using the Finite Elements Method indicate that the enlargement of the SiGe broad peak retrieved from the x-ray diffraction measurements is actually caused by the asymmetrical faceting induced by large miscut angles. Such faceting has a strong effect on island density and elastic energy, producing differences that are proportional to those observed in conditions with distinct SiGe content

Dislocation engineering in SiGe on periodic and aperiodic Si(001) templates studied by fast scanning X-ray nanodiffraction

Fast-scanning X-ray nanodiffraction microscopy is used to directly visualize the misfit dislocation network in a SiGe film deposited on a pit-patterned Si substrate at the beginning of plastic relaxation. X-ray real-space diffracted intensity maps are compared to topographic atomic force microscopy images, in which crosshatch lines can be seen. The change in intensity distribution as a function of the incidence angle shows localized variations in strain within the SiGe film. These variations, which reflect the order imposed by the substrate pattern, are attributed to the presence of both bunches of misfit dislocations and defect-free regions