Библиотеки военно-учебных заведений Оренбурга (середина XVIII в. - 1918 г.)

From the middle of the 18th century till 1918 Orenburg was a major military centre that in many respects defined its socio-cultural space. Training of personnel for local offices and service in garrison was carried out during that time by several military educational institutions in the city. Due to the historical circumstances, so far have survived not many documents telling both about educational institutions themselves and on their educational support divisions, including libraries. The aim of this work is generalization of the currently available materials on the history of libraries of the military schools of Orenburg. Some of the documents are introduced for scientific use for the first time.С середины XVIII в. до 1918 г. Оренбург был крупным военным центром, что во многом определяло его социокультурное пространство. Подготовка кадров для местных канцелярии и гарнизона в городе осуществлялась несколькими военно-образовательными учреждениями. В силу сложившихся исторических обстоятельств до нашего времени сохранились далеко не все документы об учебных заведениях и их учебно-вспомогательных подразделениях, к которым относятся и библиотеки. Целью работы является обобщение имеющегося в настоящее время материала по истории библиотек военно-учебных заведений Оренбурга. Часть документов вводится в научный оборот впервые

Application of ESI FT-ICR MS to Study Kraft Lignin Modification by the Exoenzymes of the White Rot Basidiomycete Fungus TrametesHirsutaLE-BIN 072

Trameteshirsuta is a wood rotting fungus that possesses a vast array of lignin degrading enzymes, including7 laccases, 7 ligninolyticmanganese peroxidases, 9 lignin peroxidases and 2 versatile peroxidases. In this study,electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS)was used to examine kraft lignin modification by the enzymatic system of this fungus.The observed pattern of lignin modification suggested that before the 6th day of cultivation,the fungal enzymatic system tended to degrade more oxidized moleculesand, hence, less recalcitrant molecules, with the production of hard-to-modify reduced molecular species. At some point after the 6th day of cultivation,the fungal enzymatic system tended to degrade more oxidized moleculesand, hence, less recalcitrant molecules, with the production of hard-to-modify reduced molecular species. At some point after the 6th day of cultivation,the fungus started to degrade less oxidized, more recalcitrant, compounds, converting them into the more oxidized forms. The altered pattern of lignin modification enabled changes in the fungal enzymatic system. These changes were further attributed to the appearance of the particular ligninolyticmanganese peroxides enzyme(MnP7), which was added by the fungus to the mixture of enzymes that had already been secreted (VP2 and MnP5). Keywords: wood rotting fungi, kraft lignin, mass spectrometry, peroxidase

Screening studies of POP levels in bottom sediments from selected lakes in the Paz watercourse

Appendix 5/15 of the publication "State of the environment in the Norwegian, Finnish and Russian border area 2007" (The Finnish Environment 6/2007)

Screening studies of POP levels in fish from selected lakes in the Paz watercourse

Appendix 8/15 of the publication "State of the environment in the Norwegian, Finnish and Russian border area 2007" (The Finnish Environment 6/2007)

Evolutionary Relationships Between the Laccase Genes of Polyporales: Orthology-Based Classification of Laccase Isozymes and Functional Insight From Trametes hirsuta

Laccase is one of the oldest known and intensively studied fungal enzymes capable of oxidizing recalcitrant lignin-resembling phenolic compounds. It is currently well established that fungal genomes almost always contain several non-allelic copies of laccase genes (laccase multigene families); nevertheless, many aspects of laccase multigenicity, for example, their precise biological functions or evolutionary relationships, are mostly unknown. Here, we present a detailed evolutionary analysis of the sensu stricto laccase genes (CAZy – AA1_1) from fungi of the Polyporales order. The conducted analysis provides a better understanding of the Polyporales laccase multigenicity and allows for the systemization of the individual features of different laccase isozymes. In addition, we provide a comparison of the biochemical and catalytic properties of the four laccase isozymes from Trametes hirsuta and suggest their functional diversification within the multigene family

Influence of Flavonoids on the Cytotoxic Activity of Mononuclear Blood Cells in Model Tests

BACKGROUND: The spread of phytocomplex application and justification of its selective effects on tumour cells (mainly due to the presence of flavonoids) require research of its cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activity. AIM: The goal was to study the direct cytotoxic effect of the phytocomplex and its modulating effect on the cytotoxic activity of the donor's mononuclear blood cells in in vitro experiments. METHODS: The phytocomplex was a dry extract from marsh cinquefoil, creeping alfalfa and common hop; its main active ingredients were flavonoids. Transplantable monolayer cultures of lung adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, erythroblastic leukaemia, and fibroblasts were used as target cells. The cytotoxic activity was assessed using a cytotoxic test based on the selective ability to live cells to reduce MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethyltriazol-2-yl]-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) to formazan in mitochondria. Quantitative determination of formazan was performed using spectrophotometry. RESULTS: A direct cytotoxic effect of the phytocomplex in concentrations of at least 2.5 mg/ml on tumour cells has been established. Its modulating effect on the cytotoxic activity of mononuclear blood cells at a concentration of 0.05 mg/ml was shown. The phytocomplex in doses of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml increased the killer activity of the mononuclear cells in a diseased person's blood, but did not affect these blood cells in a healthy donor. Incubation of lymphocytes with a phytocomplex for 24 hours increased the cytotoxic activity of mononuclear cells by 20-25%. CONCLUSION: The direct cytotoxic effect of the phytocomplex and its modulating effect on the cytotoxic activity of mononuclear blood cells in model experiments in vitro have been established

Дослідження токсичності плівкоутворювальних композицій на основі хітозану

The object of research is chitosan-based film-forming compositions with the addition of decoctions from medicinal plants: Sweet flag, Senegalia catechu, Ledum, Bergenia crassifolia; Common yarrow, Eucalyptus globulus, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Hypericum perforatum; Chamaenerion angustifolium, Iceland moss, Calendula officinalis, Urtica; Peppermint, Potentilla alba, Common tansy, Plantago major; Artemisia absinthium, Motherwort, Sage, Common sunflower.Medicinal herbs have biological activity (toxicity), which accompanies the main therapeutic effect and depends on the dose. Toxicity is not observed in all medicinal herbs, but among them there are strong and even poisonous. Presented in the composition, medicinal herbs based on 2 % chitosan are not studied for toxicity, therefore, to establish the safety of their use as a packaging for fruit and vegetables, this must be done.The developed compositions are examined for:1) toxicity using bacteriological methods by sowing on 5 % blood agar;2) manifestation of hemolysis zones and growth of B.cereus culture by diffusion into agar (well method).During the research, positive results are obtained:1) all samples are not toxic;2) hemolysis zones are not identified;3) there is a suppression of the growth of B.cereus culture, which grew on the surface of blood agar (growth retardation zones of culture B.cereus 0–34 mm).Further expansion of the study will allow the use of chitosan-based film-forming compositions that have differentiated properties with respect to solubility, sorption, bactericidal and antioxidant effects as a factor in increasing the biological value of food in the absence of toxicity in fruit and vegetable products.Из рассмотренных композиций на основе хитозана и на основе анализа характеристики лекарственных отваров было выбрано 20 видов для дальнейшего составления композиции с хитозаном 2 %. Для установления их безопасносного использования в плодоовощной продукции все образцы исследованы на токсичность и зоны гемолиза. При проведении исследований получены положительные результаты – не было обнаружено токсичности и зоны гемолиза.Із розглянутих композицій на основі хітозану та на основі аналізу характеристики лікарських відварів було обрано 20 видів для подальшого складання композиції з хітозаном 2 %. Для встановлення їх безпечного використання в плодоовочевій продукції всі зразки досліджені на токсичність та зони гемолізу. При проведенні досліджень отримані позитивні результати – не було виявлено токсичності та зони гемолізу