What determines informal hiring? Evidence from the Turkish textile sector

Most studies about the shadow economy focus on the estimation of the aggregate size. However, this study aims to address the sectoral or micro aspects of this phenomenon using the data from the textile sector in Turkey. It uses discriminant analysis and ordered and logistic regression models to unveil the determinants of the informal hiring in Turkey. It concludes that high competition, the skill structure of the employees, perceived penalty scheme, and the size of the firms in the sector are important factors of the textile firms hiring informally.informal hiring in Turkish textile sector; discriminant analysis; logistic regression model; ordered regression

What determines informal hiring? Evidence from the Turkish textile sector

Most studies about the shadow economy focus on the estimation of the aggregate size. However, this study aims to address the sectoral or micro aspects of this phenomenon using the data from the textile sector in Turkey. It uses discriminant analysis and ordered and logistic regression models to unveil the determinants of the informal hiring in Turkey. It concludes that high competition, the skill structure of the employees, perceived penalty scheme, and the size of the firms in the sector are important factors of the textile firms hiring informally

Investigation of Aggression and Restriction Methods in Psychiatric Settings of a Training and Research Hospital

Objective: Aggression is a significant problem seen in psychiatric clinics, which can cause physical and psychological trauma. The aim of this study is to investigate aggression and restriction methods in psychiatric settings of a training and research hospital. Method: This descriptive study was conducted in psychiatry services and the Alcohol and Substance Addiction Research Treatment and Education Center between April 1, 2014 and March 31, 2015. The data were collected retrospectively reviewing the completed registration forms immediately after the incident by the clinical nurses. Results: The number of aggression events in the services was 554. It was found that the majority of the events were intended and actual self-harm and occured in the general psychiatry service. The majority of the events were seen during shift hours in august and in summer. Examining restriction methods it was found that no restraining method was used and therapeutic interviews were conducted in the majority of events and that the most commonly used restriction methods were mechanical restraint and intramuscular medication used with mechanical restraint. Discussion: It is a positive result that restriction methods were not used in the majority of events. The treatment activities must be planned outside normal working hours and in the evening to increase the interaction between patients and staff. Studies regarding recognition, reporting, controlling of aggression that became an important problem for safety of patient and staff in psychiatry services should be done

High level of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 expression is associated with cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma

Background Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of several solid tumors including osteosarcoma (OS). Despite aggressive treatment, 25% of patients with OS continue to die from their disease. Since cisplatin based regimens have been uniformly used in OS therapy, treatment failure is likely due, at least in part, to cisplatin resistance. Procedure The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between MKP-1 expression and cisplatin sensitivity of OS cell lines and to explore the mechanism underlying this relationship. Three OS cell lines were examined for their MKP-1 expression and cisplatin sensitivity. JNK phosphorylation and apoptosis induction was also measured. Western and Northern blot, flow cytometry, siRNA, and MTT assays were used. Results U2OS cells, which express high level of MKP-1, are less sensitive to cisplatin-induced cell death. Inhibition of MKP-1 by siRNA silencing sensitizes U2OS cells to cisplatin-induced cell death. Furthermore, delayed apoptosis induction following cisplatin treatment was observed in U2OS, in parallel to decreased JNK activation, increased MKP-1 expression and relatively increased cisplatin resistance. Interestingly, triptolide, an MKP-1 inhibitor, blocks MKP-1 expression and enhances cisplatin-induced cell death. Conclusion High MKP-1 expression is associated with decreased sensitivity or increased resistance to cisplatin-induced cell death in OS cell lines, and MKP-1 could potentially be used as a marker of cisplatin resistance and a therapeutic target for molecular therapies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:754–759. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/61231/1/21727_ftp.pd

AluY-mediated germline deletion, duplication and somatic stem cell reversion in <i>UBE2T</i> defines a new subtype of Fanconi anemia

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited disorder clinically characterized by congenital malformations, progressive bone marrow failure and cancer susceptibility. At the cellular level, FA is associated with hypersensitivity to DNA-crosslinking genotoxins. Eight of 17 known FA genes assemble the FA E3 ligase complex, which catalyzes monoubiquitination of FANCD2 and is essential for replicative DNA crosslink repair. Here, we identify the first FA patient with biallelic germline mutations in the ubiquitin E2 conjugase UBE2T. Both mutations were aluY-mediated: a paternal deletion and maternal duplication of exons 2-6. These loss-of-function mutations in UBE2T induced a cellular phenotype similar to biallelic defects in early FA genes with the absence of FANCD2 monoubiquitination. The maternal duplication produced a mutant mRNA that could encode a functional protein but was degraded by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. In the patient's hematopoietic stem cells, the maternal allele with the duplication of exons 2-6 spontaneously reverted to a wild-type allele by monoallelic recombination at the duplicated aluY repeat, thereby preventing bone marrow failure. Analysis of germline DNA of 814 normal individuals and 850 breast cancer patients for deletion or duplication of UBE2T exons 2-6 identified the deletion in only two controls, suggesting aluY-mediated recombinations within the UBE2T locus are rare and not associated with an increased breast cancer risk. Finally, a loss-of-function germline mutation in UBE2T was detected in a high-risk breast cancer patient with wild-type BRCA1/2. Cumulatively, we identified UBE2T as a bona fide FA gene (FANCT) that also may be a rare cancer susceptibility gene.</p

Down syndrome and leukemia: New insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment

No AbstractPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/35297/1/20242_ftp.pd