Relação da Liderança Transformacional e do Suporte Organizacional Percebido com o Comprometimento Organizacional: O Papel Mediador do Engajamento dos Funcionários

This study proposed a conceptual model and examined the nature of the relationship between transformational leadership (TFL), perceived organisational support (POS), employee engagement (EE), and organisational commitment (OC) among employees in the Indian IT sector. It then examined the mediating effect of EE on the relationship between TFL, POS, and OC. The partial least squares equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied to validate the conceptual model. The findings revealed that TFL, POS and EE were significantly and positively related to OC. TFL had a greater significant effect on OC than POS. EE was found to partially mediate the relationship between TFL, POS, and OC. Control variables had a weak effect on EE and OC. However, Multigroup Analysis (MGA) revealed a significant difference in the EE of TFL between the lower and middle level managers. The findings confirm that direct policymakers and HR departments influence TFL and EE by adopting organisational interventions. Besides, its effect is also manifested in increasing the positive attitude and commitment towards the employees’ work.Este estudo propôs um modelo conceitual e examinou a natureza da relação entre liderança transformacional (LTF), suporte organizacional percebido (SOP), envolvimento dos funcionários (EF) e comprometimento organizacional (CO) entre os funcionários do setor de TI indiano. Em seguida, o efeito mediador da EF na relação entre LTF, SOP e CO foi examinado. A modelagem de equações de mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-SEM) foi aplicada para validar o modelo conceitual. Os achados revelaram que LTF, SOP e EF foram significativa e positivamente relacionados ao CO. A LTF teve um efeito mais significativo no CO do que o SOP. Verificou-se que a EF medeia parcialmente a relação entre LTF, SOP e CO. As variáveis de controle tiveram um efeito fraco em EF e CO. No entanto, a Análise Multigrupo (MGA) revelou uma diferença significativa no EF de LTF entre os gerentes de nível inferior e médio. Os resultados confirmam que os formuladores de políticas diretas e os departamentos de RH influenciam a LTF e a EF adotando intervenções organizacionais. Além disso, seu efeito também se manifesta no aumento da atitude positiva e do compromisso com o trabalho dos funcionários

Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 inhibitors: Current status and future directions

The discovery of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) has considerably changed the therapeutic options in the field of lipid management. PCSK9 reduces low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) recycling, leading to a decrease of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) receptors on the surface of hepatocytes and a subsequent increase of circulating LDL-C levels. Among the various approaches to PCSK9 inhibition, human data are only available for inhibition of PCSK9 binding to LDLR by monoclonal antibodies. In Phase II studies, the two most advanced monoclonal antibodies in development (alirocumab and evolocumab) decreased atherogenic lipoproteins very effectively and were well tolerated. Sixty percent to seventy percent of reduction in LDL-C was observed, especially when subcutaneous injections were performed regularly every 2 weeks. No significant side effects were observed, with the exception of injection-site reactions. Three large Phase III programs with the new anti-PCSK9 antibodies are currently underway in patients with acute coronary syndrome and LDL-C inadequately controlled by standard treatments. In this review, we will discuss the effect of PCSK9 inhibition, its current status, and future perspectives

Functional and radiological outcomes of thoracolumbar traumatic spine fractures managed conservatively according to Thoracolumbar Injury Severity Score

Aim: To study the functional and radiological outcomes in cases managed conservatively for single-level traumatic thoracolumbar spine fractures without neurological deficit. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study design, thirty patients who presented to tertiary care hospital and diagnosed with posttraumatic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture without any neurodeficit were recruited. All the patients were managed conservatively as per the protocol which included bed rest, spinal braces, and physiotherapy. Adequate analgesia was given wherever necessary. The patients were followed at regular intervals up to a maximum of 2 years. Clinically visual analog scale (VAS) score and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ)-24 were assessed and radiologically local vertebral kyphosis, scoliosis, and loss of body height were noted at each follow-up. Results: The data was statistically analyzed and the results were as follows. Thoracolumbar fractures were more in young adults (<26 years) and more so among the males (80% cases). The most common fracture type in our study was compression fracture. The most common site involved in our study was L1 vertebra (36.7%). There was a significant decrease of VAS score (pain score) in 79% cases with the maximum decrease in type A1 fracture. The mean RMDQ-4 score in our study was 5.53. The overall progression of kyphosis was 1.9°. There was no relation found between the kyphotic deformity and the clinical outcomes (VAS and RMDQ-24 scores). Canal size changes were found to be insignificant at the end of 2 years compared to baseline. Conclusion: Study showed favorable outcomes in terms of return to daily activities, making it a good option in managing Type A1 dorsolumbar fractures. Though there was a progression of kyphosis but no neurological deficit was seen