Facilitation ou exclusion ? La prise en charge du conjoint, les « mariages de complaisance » et la prise de décision des agents consulaires canadiens

Cet article se penche sur la prise de décision des agents consulaires canadiens chargés de la délivrance des visas, en utilisant une perspective micro-sociale. Il suggère que, même si les déviances par rapport aux catégories de « normalité » sont utilisées afin de rejeter les demandes de prise en charge du conjoint, la conformité à ces mêmes catégories est la base pour les accepter. Dans le cas canadien, les agents chargés de la délivrance des visas ne peuvent pas contrôler l’ensemble des immigrants ou le flux des conjoints des immigrants dans le pays ou dans la région auquel ils sont rattachés ; tout ce qu’ils peuvent faire est de tenter de vérifier que le candidat soit « méritant ». Dans ce cas, il peut obtenir le visa auquel il a droit, tandis que le candidat « non méritant » se voit refuser ce visa. Cet article entend démontrer qu’il n’y a pas de contradiction entre un régime de mise en œuvre restrictive et un engagement en faveur du regroupement familial.The empirical focus of this paper is the micro-level decision making of Canadian visa officers. It suggests that even though deviations from the typifications of ‘normality’ are used to reject spousal applications, conformity to the same typifications is the basis for accepting applications from couples. In the Canadian case, individual visa officers cannot control the overall numbers of immigrants, or the flow of spousal immigrants from their particular country or region; all they can do is attempt to control whether a ‘deserving’ applicant gets the visa she or he is entitled to, and an ‘undeserving’ applicant is denied a visa. This paper argues that there is no contradiction between a strict enforcement regime and a commitment to family reunification

Modes of incorporation and racialization: the Canadian case

This thesis makes a contribution to three areas of sociological thought. First, it is concerned with the elaboration and extension of the political economy approach to migration as it is represented in the work of Stephen Castles and his various co-authors. It suggests that the work of Castles, et al., is relatively silent on the role of the state, and ideological relations in the structuration of migration. In seeking to further refine the political economy framework as it is applied to migration, this thesis draws upon two other sets of literature which, in part, have emerged as counters to some of the more economistic of their formulations. In this light, the second area of sociological literature I draw upon is the recent work on the concepts of free and unfree labour. Finally, this thesis is informed by an analysis of recent debates on the concept of racialization. In synthesizing these three strands of sociology, this thesis advances the theoretical claim that political economy oriented theorists should focus on modes of incorporation, or the manner in which foreign-born labour articulates with capital and the state. Within this context, four distinct modes of incorporation under capitalism are identified. These modes of incorporation are designated as: free immigrant labour, unfree immigrant labour, free migrant labour and unfree migrant labour. This thesis suggests that agents are subject to particular modes of incorporation, in part, on the basis on the process of racialization. This thesis uses the cases of late nineteenth and early twentieth century Chinese migration to Canada, and the post-1945 migration of farm labourers, from a number of source countries, including, specifically, the Netherlands, Poland, Germany, and the Caribbean, to the south western Ontario fruit and vegetable industry to highlight the centrality of the state in the process of migration, and the differential modes of incorporation of foreign-born persons into sites in production relations. Furthermore, the process of racialization is seen to have an impact on whether particular groups are allowed entry to a social formation, and upon how they are incorporated into sites in production relations

Capitalisme post-moderne, migrations et racisme

Robert Miles and Victor Satzewich, Contemporary Capitalism, Migrations and Racism The meaning given to international migrations by Marxist and liberal theories ignores their political dimension and their new economic dimension. The most important flow is composed of refugees and qualified executives. The theoretical analysis is illustrated by the case of Great Britain.Le sens donné aux migrations internationales par les théories marxistes et libérales ignore leur dimension politique et leur nouvelle dimension économique. Les flux les plus importants sont constitués de réfugiés et de cadres qualifiés. L'analyse théorique est illustrée par le cas de la Grande-Bretagne.Robert Miles y Victor Satzewich, Capitalismo contemporáneo, migraciones y racismo El sentido dado a las migracíones internacionales por las teorías marxistas y liberales ignora su dimensión política y su nueva dimensión económica. Hoy, los flujos más considerables están constítuidos por refugiados y mandos calificados. El análisis teórico es ilustrado por el caso de Gran Bretaña.Miles Robert, Satzewich Victor, Martinet Frédéric. Capitalisme post-moderne, migrations et racisme. In: Les Annales de la recherche urbaine, N°49, 1990. Immigrés et autres. pp. 49-58