267 research outputs found

    Gobernanza del río Tietê en la región metropolitana de São Paulo

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    São Paulo es una ciudad que tiene una relación muy contradictoria y conflictiva con sus ríos. Inicialmente, importantes para la defensa, el comercio y la movilidad se convirtieron en un obstáculo y problema urbano. Del siglo XVI hasta al XIX, la ciudad fue fundada y se restringía entre las áreas fluviales del río Tamanduateí y del río Anhangabaú (Moroz-Caccia Gouveia, 2016). A partir del siglo XX, la ciudad creció mucho sobre los terrenos fluviales resultando en un gran número de inundaciones (Ab’Saber, 2004; Moroz-CacciaGouveia, 2016). El río Tietê es un río que ha sido transformado en ruta de comercio y área de diversas actividades industriales, he sido rectificado y se utilizó para desagüe de las aguas residuales de la ciudad (Zanirato, 2011). Por haber sido rectificado, esto resultó en un aumento de las inundaciones y el poder público decidió hacer una Área de Protección Ambiental (APA) de la llanura fluvial del río Tietê (Fundação Florestal, 2013; Scatena, 2015; Zanirato, 2011). Creada para reducir las inundaciones en São Paulo, su área se extiende por 12 municipalidades (Fundação Florestal, 2013). La gestión de esta APA implica la participación de los gobiernos locales, de la sociedad civil y del gobierno del estado (Fundação Florestal, 2013). Sin embargo, hay otras instituciones gubernamentales que administran el río Tietê y sus terrenos fluviales de modo conflictivo. Hay también otros importantes planes y proyectos de las instituciones gubernamentales del estado como el Plan de Desarrollo Urbano Integrado, grandes obras de infraestructura, etc. La presente investigación tiene como foco la articulación y conflictos de las diferentes políticas públicas y la gobernanza del territorio del río Tietê en la región metropolitana de São Paulo.São Paulo is a city which has a very contradictory relationship and conflictive with its rivers, in the beginning they were important for the defense, trade and mobility, after they turned to an obstacle and an urban problem. The city was found and was restricted, from de XVI to the XIX century, between the Tamanduateí river and Anhangabaú river (Moroz-Caccia Gouveia, 2016). Since the XX century, the city has grown largely and over the floodplains and the rivers which resulted in many floods (Ab’Saber, 2004; Moroz-Caccia Gouveia, 2016). Tietê river has been transformed by this process from a trade route, place for industrial activities, river rectification and as sewage (Zanirato, 2011). Being rectified, it increased the floods and the public power decided to create an Environmental Protection Area (APA) of the Tietê’s Floodplain (Fundação Florestal, 2013; Scatena, 2015; Zanirato, 2011). Created to reduce the floods in São Paulo, its area is over 12 cities (Fundação Florestal, 2013). The management of this APA implies in the participation of the local government, state government and civil society (Fundação Florestal, 2013). However, there are other government institutions which manage Tietê river and its floodplain. There are also important plans and projects of the government institutions of the State like the Integrated Plan of Urban Development, big infrastructure constructions etc. This research is focused in the public policies articulation and conflicts and Tietê river governance in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo.Mesa 2: Gestión de los territorios fluviales en áreas urbanas y periurbanasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo (FAU

    Gobernanza del río Tietê en la región metropolitana de São Paulo

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    São Paulo es una ciudad que tiene una relación muy contradictoria y conflictiva con sus ríos. Inicialmente, importantes para la defensa, el comercio y la movilidad se convirtieron en un obstáculo y problema urbano. Del siglo XVI hasta al XIX, la ciudad fue fundada y se restringía entre las áreas fluviales del río Tamanduateí y del río Anhangabaú (Moroz-Caccia Gouveia, 2016). A partir del siglo XX, la ciudad creció mucho sobre los terrenos fluviales resultando en un gran número de inundaciones (Ab’Saber, 2004; Moroz-CacciaGouveia, 2016). El río Tietê es un río que ha sido transformado en ruta de comercio y área de diversas actividades industriales, he sido rectificado y se utilizó para desagüe de las aguas residuales de la ciudad (Zanirato, 2011). Por haber sido rectificado, esto resultó en un aumento de las inundaciones y el poder público decidió hacer una Área de Protección Ambiental (APA) de la llanura fluvial del río Tietê (Fundação Florestal, 2013; Scatena, 2015; Zanirato, 2011). Creada para reducir las inundaciones en São Paulo, su área se extiende por 12 municipalidades (Fundação Florestal, 2013). La gestión de esta APA implica la participación de los gobiernos locales, de la sociedad civil y del gobierno del estado (Fundação Florestal, 2013). Sin embargo, hay otras instituciones gubernamentales que administran el río Tietê y sus terrenos fluviales de modo conflictivo. Hay también otros importantes planes y proyectos de las instituciones gubernamentales del estado como el Plan de Desarrollo Urbano Integrado, grandes obras de infraestructura, etc. La presente investigación tiene como foco la articulación y conflictos de las diferentes políticas públicas y la gobernanza del territorio del río Tietê en la región metropolitana de São Paulo.São Paulo is a city which has a very contradictory relationship and conflictive with its rivers, in the beginning they were important for the defense, trade and mobility, after they turned to an obstacle and an urban problem. The city was found and was restricted, from de XVI to the XIX century, between the Tamanduateí river and Anhangabaú river (Moroz-Caccia Gouveia, 2016). Since the XX century, the city has grown largely and over the floodplains and the rivers which resulted in many floods (Ab’Saber, 2004; Moroz-Caccia Gouveia, 2016). Tietê river has been transformed by this process from a trade route, place for industrial activities, river rectification and as sewage (Zanirato, 2011). Being rectified, it increased the floods and the public power decided to create an Environmental Protection Area (APA) of the Tietê’s Floodplain (Fundação Florestal, 2013; Scatena, 2015; Zanirato, 2011). Created to reduce the floods in São Paulo, its area is over 12 cities (Fundação Florestal, 2013). The management of this APA implies in the participation of the local government, state government and civil society (Fundação Florestal, 2013). However, there are other government institutions which manage Tietê river and its floodplain. There are also important plans and projects of the government institutions of the State like the Integrated Plan of Urban Development, big infrastructure constructions etc. This research is focused in the public policies articulation and conflicts and Tietê river governance in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo.Mesa 2: Gestión de los territorios fluviales en áreas urbanas y periurbanasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo (FAU

    Coding Dojo: An Environment for Learning and Sharing Agile Practices

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    A Coding Dojo is a meeting where a group of program-mers gets together to learn, practice, and share experiences. This report describes the authors ’ experience of creating and running an active Coding Dojo in São Paulo, Brazil, sharing the lessons learned from the experience. The role of the Dojo in the learning process is discussed, showing how it creates an environment for fostering and sharing Ag-ile practices such as Test-Driven Development, Refactoring and Pair Programming, among others.

    A Conservação da Natureza, a Cidade e a Necessidade de Transformação Socioecológica: que contribuição podem dar as reservas da biosfera da UNESCO?

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    Au milieu des diverses contributions et recherches de Neli Aparecida de Mello-Théry dans le domaine de l'environnement et de la société, cet article récupère l'expérience du projet Experimental Networks for Sustainability. Urban Biosphere Reserves as engines of transformation (ENESUS) et en particulier dans la Réserve de biosphère de la ceinture verte de São Paulo. Les réserves de biosphère ont évolué avec les changements dans les concepts de préservation et de conservation et selon les nouvelles directives du Marco de Séville, du Plan de Madrid et du Plan de Lima, les réserves doivent être des « régions modèles de développement durable » et des « laboratoires du monde réel ». À cet égard, la recherche visait à identifier et cartographier les initiatives socio-écologiques innovantes sur le territoire de la réserve et leur potentiel de transformation socio-écologique, à comprendre le succès et l'échec des initiatives ainsi que les forces et le « format » de l'innovation socio-écologique, et d'analyser la contribution du réseau international de réserves de biosphère dans l'action locale. Grâce au travail de terrain, aux enquêtes, aux entretiens et à la cartographie en réseau, une nature plus conservatrice de la réserve a été identifiée, mais avec le potentiel de promouvoir des innovations compte tenu des expériences qu'elle a eues ainsi que des diverses initiatives qui existent et ont encore un caractère de niche.Mots-clés: Réserves de biosphère, ceinture verte de São Paulo, innovation socio-écologique, régions modèles de développement durableEm meio as diversas contribuições e pesquisas de Neli Aparecida de Mello-Théry no campo ambiental e da sociedade, o presente artigo resgata a experiência do projeto Experimental Networks for Sustainability. Urban Biosphere Reserves as engines of transformation (ENESUS) e em especial destaque na Reserva da Biosfera do Cinturão Verde da Cidade de São Paulo. As Reservas da Biosfera têm evoluído em conjunto com as mudanças dos conceitos de preservação e conservação e sob o marco das novas diretrizes do Marco de Sevilha, Plano de Madrid e o Plano de Lima as reservas devem ser “regiões modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável” e ‘laboratórios do mundo real”. Nesse aspecto a pesquisa objetivou identificar e mapear iniciativas socioecológicas inovadoras no território da reserva e seu potencial de transformação socioecológico, compreender o sucesso e fracasso das iniciativas assim como pontos fortes e do “formato” da inovação socioecológica, e analisar a contribuição da rede internacional das reservas da biosfera na ação local. Por meio de trabalhos de campo, surveys, entrevistas, e net mapping foi identificado um caráter mais preservacionista da reserva, mas com um potencial de promover inovações considerando as experiências que já teve como pelas diversas iniciativas que existem e ainda têm um caráter de nicho.En medio de las diversas aportaciones e investigaciones de Neli Aparecida de Mello-Théry en el ámbito medioambiental y social, este artículo recupera la experiencia del Experimental Networks for Sustainability. Urban Biosphere Reserves as engines of transformation (ENESUS) y especialmente en la Reserva de la Biosfera del Cinturón Verde de São Paulo. Las Reservas de Biosfera han evolucionado junto con los cambios en los conceptos de preservación y conservación y bajo las nuevas directrices del Marco de Sevilla, Plan de Madrid y Plan de Lima, las reservas deben ser “regiones modelo de desarrollo sostenible” y “laboratorios del mundo real”. En este sentido, la investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar y mapear iniciativas socioecológicas innovadoras en el territorio de la reserva y su potencial de transformación socioecológica, para comprender el éxito y el fracaso de las iniciativas, así como las fortalezas y el “formato” de innovación socioecológica, y analizar la contribución de la red internacional de reservas de biosfera en la acción local. A través del trabajo de campo, encuestas, entrevistas y mapeo de redes, se identificó un carácter más preservacionista de la reserva, pero con potencial para promover innovaciones considerando las experiencias que ha tenido así como las diversas iniciativas que existen y aún tienen carácter de nicho.Amidst the various contributions and researches of Neli Aparecida de Mello-Théry in the environmental and social fields, this article recalls the experience of the project Experimental Networks for Sustainability. Urban Biosphere Reserves as engines of transformation (ENESUS) and in particular the São Paulo City Green Belt Biosphere Reserve. Biosphere Reserves have evolved together with changes in the concepts of preservation and conservation and under the framework of the new guidelines of the Seville Framework, Madrid Plan and the Lima Plan the reserves should be "model regions for sustainable development" and "real world laboratories". In this respect the research aimed to identify and map innovative social-ecological initiatives in the reserve territory and their potential for social-ecological transformation, understand the success and failure of the initiatives as well as the strengths and "shape" of social-ecological innovation, and analyse the contribution of the international network of biosphere reserves to local action. Through fieldwork, surveys, interviews and net mapping it was identified a more preservationist character of the reserve, but with a potential to promote innovations considering the experiences that already had as by the various initiatives that exist and still have a niche character

    Bud burst induction in BRS-Carmem vine minicuttings under controlled environment

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    A search for new products and alternative techniques to artificially overcome the dormancy of temperate climate plants has increased. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the application of vegetable oil, mineral oil, garlic extract and hydrogenated cyanamide on budburst of ‘BRS Carmem’ vine under controlled environment (B.O.D). The randomized design arranged in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme was used as a statistical model, with four repetitions with nine minicuttings per plot. The first factor consisted of the exposure or not of the minicuttings to 400 hrs of cold (<7.2 ºC), and the second factor was composed by the alternative tests: control; mineral oil (MO), vegetable oil (VO); MO + VO, hydrogenated cyanamide; and garlic extract. The bud swell and sprouting formation at 20 days after the application were evaluated, and the average time and speed index of bud swell, and the average time and speed index of sprouting were calculated. For minicuttings not exposed to the cold, the best results in terms of bud swell and sprouting was observed with the application of MO, followed by the application of hydrogenated cyanamide. For minicuttings exposed to 400 hrs, the best results regarding bud swell and sprouting was observed with the application of the oils association. It can be concluded that the best results for sprouting were obtained when minicuttings were not exposed to cold with an application of the association of MO and VO.A busca por novos produtos e técnicas alternativas para superar artificialmente a dormência das plantas de clima temperado tem aumentado. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência da aplicação de óleo vegetal, óleo mineral, extrato de alho e cianamida hidrogenada (H 2 CN 2 ) na indução da brotação de gemas em 'BRS Carmem' em ambiente controlado (BOD). O experimento foi realizado em laboratório, sendo conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 6, com quatro repetições de nove microestacas cada. O primeiro fator consistiu na exposição ou não das microestacas a 400 h de frio (<7,2 ºC), e o segundo fator foi composto pelos tratamentos alternativos: testemunha;óleo mineral (OM), óleo vegetal (OV); OM + OV, cianamida hidrogenada e extrato de alho. Foi avaliada a formação de gemas de algodão e a brotação ao longo de 20 dias após a implantação do experimento, foi obtida o tempo médio e o índice índice de velocidade de formação de gemas de algodão, e o tempo médio e o índice índice velocidade de brotação dos ramos. Nas microestacas que não foram expostas ao frio, a formação de gema algodão e de brotação imparcial os melhores resultados com a aplicação de OM, seguido da aplicação de cianamida hidrogenada. As microestacas expostas a 400 h de frio independente as melhores formações de gema algodão e de brotação com a aplicação da associação dos óleos.Pode-se concluir que os melhores resultados para a brotação foram obtidos com microestacas que não foram expostas ao frio, com a aplicação da associação de OM e OV e a cianamida hidrogenada, sendo que a aplicação de cianamida hidrogenada foi prejudicial em microestacas de 'BRS Carmem 'submetidas a 400 h de frio. As microestacas expostas a 400 h de frio independente as melhores formações de gema algodão e de brotação com a aplicação da associação dos óleos. Pode-se concluir que os melhores resultados para a brotação foram obtidos com microestacas que não foram expostas ao frio, com a aplicação da associação de OM e OV e a cianamida hidrogenada, sendo que a aplicação de cianamida hidrogenada foi prejudicial em microestacas de 'BRS Carmem 'submetidas a 400 h de frio. As microestacas expostas a 400 h de frio independente as melhores formações de gema algodão e de brotação com a aplicação da associação dos óleos. Pode-se concluir que os melhores resultados para a brotação foram obtidos com microestacas que não foram expostas ao frio, com a aplicação da associação de OM e OV e a cianamida hidrogenada, sendo que a aplicação de cianamida hidrogenada foi prejudicial em microestacas de 'BRS Carmem 'submetidas a 400 h de frio

    Prior exercise training does not prevent acute cardiac alterations after myocardial infarction in female rats

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    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether previous exercise training could prevent or attenuate acute cardiac alterations after myocardial infarction. METHODS: Female rats were submitted to swim training (1 h/day; 5 days/week) or allowed to remain sedentary for 8 weeks. Afterwards, they were randomly assigned to left coronary artery occlusion or sham surgery. After this procedure, the rats remained sedentary for one week until euthanasia. Cardiac structural and functional analyses were performed using Doppler echocardiography. The rats that had a moderate or large infarct size were included in the evaluations. The data (mean + SEM) were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA model followed byTukey's post-hoc test. RESULTS: After the surgery, no significant difference between the exercise and sedentary groups was observed in the left ventricular infarct sizes (34.58 + 3.04 vs. 37.59 + 3.07). In another group of rats evaluated with Evans blue 1 h after myocardial infarction, no siginificant difference in the area at risk was observed between the exercised and sedentary rats (49.73 + 1.52 vs. 45.48 + 3.49). The changes in the left ventricular fractional areas for the exercised and sedentary myocardial infarction groups (36 + 2% and 39 + 3%, respectively) were smaller than those for the exercise sham surgery (ES, 67+1%) and sedentary sham surgery (SS, 69 + 2%) groups. The E/A was higher in the sedentary myocardial infarction (4.4 + 0.3) and exercised myocardial infarction (5.5 + 0.3) rats than in the SS (2.4 + 0.1) and ES (2.2 + 0.1) rats. CONCLUSION: Previous swim training of female rats does not attenuate systolic and diastolic function alterations after myocardial infarction induced by left coronary artery occlusion, suggesting that cardioprotection cannot be provided by exercise training in this experimental model
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