Image Encryption Based on Diffusion and Multiple Chaotic Maps

In the recent world, security is a prime important issue, and encryption is one of the best alternative way to ensure security. More over, there are many image encryption schemes have been proposed, each one of them has its own strength and weakness. This paper presents a new algorithm for the image encryption/decryption scheme. This paper is devoted to provide a secured image encryption technique using multiple chaotic based circular mapping. In this paper, first, a pair of sub keys is given by using chaotic logistic maps. Second, the image is encrypted using logistic map sub key and in its transformation leads to diffusion process. Third, sub keys are generated by four different chaotic maps. Based on the initial conditions, each map may produce various random numbers from various orbits of the maps. Among those random numbers, a particular number and from a particular orbit are selected as a key for the encryption algorithm. Based on the key, a binary sequence is generated to control the encryption algorithm. The input image of 2-D is transformed into a 1- D array by using two different scanning pattern (raster and Zigzag) and then divided into various sub blocks. Then the position permutation and value permutation is applied to each binary matrix based on multiple chaos maps. Finally the receiver uses the same sub keys to decrypt the encrypted images. The salient features of the proposed image encryption method are loss-less, good peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), Symmetric key encryption, less cross correlation, very large number of secret keys, and key-dependent pixel value replacement.Comment: 14 pages,9 figures and 5 tables; http://airccse.org/journal/jnsa11_current.html, 201

Maternal effects on anogenital distance in a wild marmot population

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST DIFFERENT HUMAN PATHOGENS

Objective: Here, we report the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the cell-free extract of fungal isolate Aspergillus flavus and evaluation its inhibitory activity against bacterial pathogens. Methods: Synthesized AgNPs was characterized via high throughput instrumentation such as UV–Visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Results: Formation of yellowish brown colour clearly indicates the synthesis of AgNPs which produces a SPR peak at 420 nm. Active protein metabolites present in the cell-free extract plays a crucial role in reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. It was clearly observed that synthesized AgNPs were faced-centered cubic crystalline in nature with the mean size of 22±11 nm. Further, synthesized AgNPs capped with protein moieties exhibits excellent inhibitory activity against tested bacterial pathogens. Conclusion: In this study, we have isolated the fungal strain A. flavus from the infected larvae of D. eucharis from the soil. The active metabolites of isolated A. flavus have been successfully used as an eco-friendly reducing agent to generate AgNPs and synthesized particles can be potentially developed as a drug candidature for antimicrobial therapy

1-Meth­oxy-4-({[(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)­sulfan­yl](phen­yl)meth­yl}sulfan­yl)benzene

The title compound, C21H20O2S2, forms a propeller-shaped structure with the tetra­hedral C atom as the central hub and meth­oxy­benzene and phenyl residues as radiating blades. Short C—H⋯π contacts are observed

Impact assessment of water efficient rice production technology on farmers’ field

The experiments were conducted during kharif season of 2018 and 2019 at farmers’ fields, Madurai in the Southern Zone of Tamil Nadu to find out the water efficient rice production technology. The experiment consisted of six crop establishment treatments viz., direct planting system, drum seeding, system of rice intensification (SRI), aerobic rice, drip irrigated rice and conventional planting system. The rice variety ASD 16 was used and the experiments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Among the water efficient techniques, drum seeding registered the higher grain yield (5650 kg ha-1), which was comparable to the direct planting system (5592 kg ha-1). The system of rice intensification produced the grain yield of 5025 kg ha-1. The conventional method of transplanting produced higher yield than SRI. Interestingly, the water productivity was higher in aerobic rice (6.92 kg/ ha mm-1 of water) despite its lower yield. Around 49.6 % water can be saved by means of aerobic rice when compared to conventional method of rice cultivation. Hence, the water efficient methods like drum seeding and direct planting systems are recommended for canal irrigated areas, while aerobic rice is suitable for water scarcity regions, turn irrigation systems and well irrigated areas to enhance water use efficiency and sustain rice farming

Effectiveness of Health Education in Improving Foot Care Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Diabetics at an NCD Clinic in Chennai

Background: Proper foot care techniques, a good outlook, and adequate education are necessary for the effective avoidance of diabetic foot problems. The purpose of this study was to assess how health education affected the knowledge, attitudes, and foot self-care practices of diabetic patients. Methods :This was a quasi-experimental (before and after) study conducted for a study period of 12 weeks (December-February 2023) at the Rural Health Training Centre, Poonamallee Primary Health Care Centre (PHC), among persons with diabetes over the age of 30 years who are on regular follow-up of treatment and willing to participate in the study. We interviewed all the patients in 2 phases, before and after intervention, using a questionnaire. Scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices were computed both before and after the intervention. Results: Following the intervention, the knowledge score [median score pre-intervention (pre) = 5.6, median score post-intervention (post) = 6.6] (p-value = 0.021), practice score [median score pre = 3, median score post = 4.8] (p-value = 0.001), and total score (p-value = 0.001) all significantly increased. The increase in attitude score after intervention was marginally non-significant [median score pre = 4.0, median score post = 5.0] (p-value = 0.058). Conclusion: In order to lower the prevalence of diabetic foot problems, educational initiatives that raise community knowledge of diabetic foot care must actively engage the community

Diversity of Ascidians from the Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve (GNBR), India

The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve nurtures a diverse amount of life and is very importantto the biological diversity of India. Ascidians diversity has been recorded for the first timefrom the Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve. In the present study, 15 species of ascidians werenoticed in both intertidal and sub-tidal regions of GNBR, belonging to two orders, threesuborders, six families and ten genera (Didemnum fulgens, Didemnum vexillum, Didemnumgranulatum, Didemnum albidum, Didemnum candidum, Trididemnum cyanophorum,Diplosoma simile, Diplosoma spongiforme, Clavelina oblonga, Aplidium fuscum, Synoicumcastellatum, Pycnoclavella diminuta, Ascidia virginea, Ascidiella aspersa and Styela sp.)during the year 2013-2014 of which, the Didemnidae family was recorded with the highdiversity of 15 species. Species richness were highly recorded in Bquary Beach and lowlyrecorded from Campbell Bay. The present data suggests that GNBR coast offers a uniqueopportunity for future research on the ascidians diversity and ecology assessment.Keywords: Ascidians, Biodiversity, GNB

Characterization of Salivary Glutathione reductase in Normal Individuals and its Implications on Smokers

Abstract: The assay of saliva is an increasing area of research with implications for basic and clinical purposes. Although this biological fluid is easy to manipulate and collect, careful attention must be directed to limit variation in specimen integrity. In this study, glutathione reductase (GR) activity of saliva obtained from smokers and non smokers of both the sex of various age groups were assessed. The investigation of salivary GR from non smokers revealed a pH optimum of 6.8, temperature optimum as 37ºC and a low K m of 0.058 mM for the substrate (Oxidized glutathione, GSSG). A significant reduction in the salivary GR activity has been observed from smokers of both acute and chronic than the non smokers. A drastic decrease in the GR activity was noticed in chronic smokers than the acute smokers, proving the possibility of utilizing the enzyme as a diagnostic biomarker for detecting the oral, throat and neck cancers. This optimized developed protocol was also found to be simple and cost effective

Utilization of Marine Fishery Wastes for Protease Production by Halophilic Bacterium Halolactibacillus Miurensis RSK CAS7- A Microbial Approach

The marine wastes generates 50–60% of the total weight of shell fish as waste consists of protein (35–50%), chitin (15–25% of dry weight) which considered as major environmental pollutants due to uncontrolled dumping. The utilisation of marine waste not only solves environmental problems but also decreases the production costs of microbial products. So far in this study, halophilic bacterium was isolated from marine ascidians and identified as Halolactibacillus miurensis RSK CAS7 through 16S rRNA sequence. The effect of different marine wastes such as shrimp shell powder (SSP), crab shell powder (CSP), squid pen powder (SPP), sardinella powder, tuna powder and anchovy powder were tested on protease production. Among these Sardinella powder (579.46 U/ml) and shrimp shell powder (470.36 U/ml) showed maximum level of protease production and followed by other marine wastes. All the significant nutrients identified from the preliminary screening were further screened by using Plackett - Burman Design and it resulted sardinella powder, K2HPO4,NaCl and pH were the highly influencing factors and their concentration were further optimized by using central composite design. Central composite design revealed that four independent variables such as Sardinella powder (14.21 g/l), K2HPO4 (3.81 g/l), NaCl (154.1 g/l) and pH (9.0) were significantly influenced the protease production. With these optimum concentration levels, the maximum protease production (1,794.41 U/ml) was observed. Thus, protease production by microbial conversion of marine wastes suggested its potential utilisation for the production of high value products.Keywords: Waste Management, Protease, Marine Wastes, Halophilic Bacteri

Clustering Algorithms: Their Application to Gene Expression Data

Gene expression data hide vital information required to understand the biological process that takes place in a particular organism in relation to its environment. Deciphering the hidden patterns in gene expression data proffers a prodigious preference to strengthen the understanding of functional genomics. The complexity of biological networks and the volume of genes present increase the challenges of comprehending and interpretation of the resulting mass of data, which consists of millions of measurements; these data also inhibit vagueness, imprecision, and noise. Therefore, the use of clustering techniques is a first step toward addressing these challenges, which is essential in the data mining process to reveal natural structures and iden-tify interesting patterns in the underlying data. The clustering of gene expression data has been proven to be useful in making known the natural structure inherent in gene expression data, understanding gene functions, cellular processes, and subtypes of cells, mining useful information from noisy data, and understanding gene regulation. The other benefit of clustering gene expression data is the identification of homology, which is very important in vaccine design. This review examines the various clustering algorithms applicable to the gene expression data in order to discover and provide useful knowledge of the appropriate clustering technique that will guarantee stability and high degree of accuracy in its analysis procedure