Pengembangan SDM Indonesia Unggul Menghadapi Masyarakat Kompetitif Era Globalisasi

Keberadaan dunia saat ini penuh dengan keterbukaan, dunia seolah menyatu atau dikenal dengan sebutan globalisasi. Globalisasi dimaknai oleh sebagian besar orang seolah-olah tidak ada lagi batas-batas tembok pemisah antara satu negara dengan negara lainnya, baik dalam bidang ekonomi, poltik, sosial maupun budaya. Walaupun masing-masing bangsa memiliki karakter-karakter bangsanya, namun dengan keterbukaan yang ada semuanya menjadi saling membaur. Sebagai konsekuensi dari era globalisasi, adalah tingginya tingkat persaingan dan tantangan yang ditimbulkannya. Suka atau tidak suka, ini merupakan suatu realitas yang harus dihadapi setiap warga bangsa. Pertanyaan mendasar dari realitas ini adalah sanggupkah dan siapkah manusia dikondisikan sebagai sumber daya transformasi sosial atau sumber daya yang diantisipasi sebagai pelaku pembangunan ? Salah satu upaya mengantisipasinya adalah dengan menciptakan berbagai sumber daya manusia unggul yang memiliki kemampuan berbuat sesuatu bagi bangsanya. Terdapat dua macam manusia unggul, yaitu 1) keunggulan individualistik yang dianggap sebagai cerminan sikap rakus manusia karena keunggulannya digunakan untuk dirinya dan kepuasan pribadinya sehingga diasumsikan tidak tepat diterapkan dalam era globalisasi, dan 2) keunggulan partisipatoris yang mengembangkan prinsip-prinsip persaingan sehat untuk mencari cara, proses dan hasil terbaik

BER performance study for optical OFDM of optical camera communication

In this article, different forms of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) were observed which were suitable for optical camera communication (OCC) systems. This research aims to establish the bit error rate (BER) versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the OCC system. This research will focus on OCC systems and the design that produces the noise of the clipping but will gain SNR as a whole if an optimum clipping factor is chosen. The BER versus SNR analysis was investigated for the different clipping factors 0.7, 1.4, and 2.6. The BER performance of the asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) was also compared with the direct current optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM) to show the suitable effectiveness of the proposed approach. ACO-OFDM was considered to be better due to lower bit loading, but DCO-OFDM was efficient for higher SNR values. This was because the DC bias used was inefficient in terms of optical capacity, while ACO-OFDM used only half of the subcarriers to transmit the information. Moreover, ACO-OFDM two-dimensional half-subcarriers of mapping rule would introduce the clipping noise to its unused 2D subcarriers, although further data can be provided by the 2D DCO-OFDM mapping rule

PENGATURAN DAN MENATA POLA RUANG DESA ULANTA KECAMATAN SUWAWA KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO

Ulanta Village is an area in the middle of the city and most (81.84%) of the village area has been designated as a provincial strategic area in the 2014-2034 Bone Bolango Regency Regional Spatial Plan, namely Agropolitan Areas and Integrated Industrial Areas as a form of support for life community economy in Bone Bolango Regency. As for the Identification and Formulation of the Problem (1) Analyze community perceptions regarding the spatial pattern of the area in Ulanta Village, Suwawa District, Bone Bolango Regency, (2) Evaluate the suitability of the implementation of the spatial pattern for the Ulanta Village area with the RTRW of Bone Bolango Regency. (3) Making recommendations based on the results of an evaluation of spatial planning patterns in the Suwawa sub-district in Bone Bolango Regency. The target group in this science and technology implementation activity is the community, especially village government apparatus and youth youth organizations in Ulanta Village, Suwawa District, totaling 20 people. This activity takes the form of village spatial planning training by using village government officials and youth youth organizations in Ulanta Village, Suwawa District, which are very vulnerable to various land conversion problems.This training is an alternative solution to tackling environmental degradation and provides added value in increasing skills, insight and knowledge about the use of the environment to make it a comfortable and beautiful environment for the community. Keywords: Arrangement, spatial pattern, village, environmen

Thermal properties of Malaysian cohesive soils

The thermal properties of soils surrounding energy piles are required for the efficient and optimal design of shallow geothermal energy pile systems. In this study, the thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity and volumetric specific heat of two types of Malaysian cohesive soil were obtained through a series of laboratory experiments using a thermal needle probe. This study was conducted to determine the effect of moisture content on the thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity and volumetric specific heat values of the cohesive soil at a given value of soil density. For soils with low to medium moisture content, a linear increase in the thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity was observed as the moisture content gradually increased, while the thermal resistivity values of the soil had decreased. Meanwhile, for soils with high moisture content, the thermal conductivity was observed to have decreased, and a marked increase was seen in the thermal resistivity. This is due to the disruption of the thermal flow continuity in the soil matrix with the presence of moisture in the soil which adversely affects the thermal conductivity

Isolation of avian influenza H5N1 virus from vaccinated commercial layer flock in Egypt

Uninterrupted transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 of clade 2.2.1 in Egypt since 2006 resulted in establishment of two main genetic clusters. The 2.2.1/C group where all recent human and majority of backyard origin viruses clustered together, meanwhile the majority of viruses derived from vaccinated poultry in commercial farms grouped in 2.2.1.1 clade. In the present investigation, an HPAIV H5N1 was isolated from twenty weeks old layers chickens that were vaccinated with a homologous H5N1 vaccine at 1, 7 and 16 weeks old. At twenty weeks of age, birds showed cyanosis of comb and wattle, decrease in egg production and up to 27% mortality. Examined serum samples showed low antibody titer in HI test (Log2 3.2 ± 4.2). The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the isolated virus were closely related to viruses in 2.2.1/C group isolated from poultry in live bird market (LBM) and backyards or from infected people. Conspicuous mutations in the HA and NA genes including a deletion within the receptor binding domain in the HA globular head region were observed. Despite repeated vaccination of layer chickens using a homologous H5N1 vaccine, infection with HPAIV H5N1 resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. In endemic countries like Egypt, rigorous control measures including enforcement of biosecurity, culling of infected birds and constant update of vaccine virus strains are highly required to prevent circulation of HPAIV H5N1 between backyard birds, commercial poultry, LBM and humans

Peningkatan Derajat Kesehatan Melalui Promosi Kesehatan Pola Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat (Phbs) Di Dusun Sawahan Desa Pendowoharjo, Kecamatan Sewon, Kabupaten Bantul

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai peningkatan derajat kesehatan melalui promosi kesehatan Pola Hidup Bersih Sehat (PHBS) di Dusun Sawahan Desa Pendowoharjo, Kecamatan Sewon, Kabupaten Bantul dengan metode penyuluhan dan pemantauan serta pengamatan tanpa sepengetahuan subjek uji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari pelaksanaan promosi kesehatan Pola Hidup Bersih Sehat (PHBS) terhadap kesehatan masyarakat Dukuh Sawahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi penyuluhan dan pemantauan Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) terhadap warga dusun Sawahan menunjukkan korelasi yakni meningkatnya indikator Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) yang tercapai. Tercapainya indikator Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) menunjukkan peningkatan kesadaran warga akan pentingnya lingkungan sehat dan perilaku sehat sehingga meningkatkan derajat kesehatan warga Dusun Sawahan

In vitro assay of factors affecting the growth of pathogens associated with diseases on dragon fruits (Hylocereus spp.) in Peninsular Malaysia.

Knowing the unfavorable environment for the growth of a pathogen can be utilized as the basic information in developing appropriate strategies to prevent disease occurrence on dragon fruit. Several environmental factors including temperature, pH and salinity, as well as biotic factor including three antagonistic bacteria species, namely Bukholderia cepacia, B. multivorans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Bipolaris sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botryosphaeria sp. and Monilinia sp., were investigated. Mycelial growth of all tested fungi was constantly inhibited by a temperature of 35°C, while a temperature of 25°C was quite suitable for their growth. A temperature of 30°C was favorable for the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Under different pH condition, the growth of tested fungi was mostly inhibited by extreme pH of 4 and 10. The salinity assay showed that Monilinia sp. was not affected by all treatments among tested fungi. Only concentration 100 ppm could reduce the growth of Bipolaris sp., though its inhibition statistically affected on 4 and 6 Days after Incubation (DAI). Meanwhile, the in vitro examination of antagonistic bacteria resulted in Bukholderia multivorans which was highly effective in inhibiting the growth of examined fungi, except Monilinia sp., which was more significantly influenced by B. multivorans and B. cepacia. The proper combination of environmental modification may be useful for the growth of crop in the field as well as the storage life of the fruit at postharvest preservation

Fingerling production and stock enhancement of Mahisefid (Rutilus frisii kutum) lessons for others in the south of Caspian Sea

Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamensky 1901) is one of the economically important fishes that migrate for spawning to rivers in the Caspian Sea. However, the fish populations have slowly decreased in recent years. The declining of these resources has resulted from some activities by the Iranian Fisheries Organization (IFO is responsible for stock enhancement) to catch some broodstocks of Rutilus frisii kutum from their natural spawning rivers. The broodstocks are caught for artificial propagation of the fish. Artificial propagations are carried out every year to produce fingerlings to be released into the rivers in the Caspian Sea. In recent years, total catch of this fish have greatly fluctuated due to the disruption of the natural spawning grounds and over fishing. The substantial reduction to 1,298 metric tons, the lowest total catch reported in 1984–1985, could be due to over-exploitation of the fishery resources. However, the total catch has increased after the fingerlings release programs started in 1979. The total numbers of Rutilus frisii kutum fingerlings released had increased from 12 million to 225 million in 2002, to 155 million pieces in 2003, to 179 million pieces in 2004, 229 million pieces in 2005, 174 million pieces in 2006, 262 million pieces in 2007 and 187.1 in 2008. The total catch was also increased from 6,417 metric ton to 8,984 metric ton, to 7,036 metric ton, to 9,631 metric ton and 16,117, 17,196, 14,835 in years 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively

Morphometrics Studies of Mahisefid (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamensky, 1901) from Selected Rivers in the Southern Caspian Sea

Mahisefid, Rutilus frisii kutum , is a cyprinid fish which is distributed from Turkmenistan to Azerbaijan along the Caspian Sea. It is one of the economically important fish in the region. As part of the Iranian Fisheries Company’s policy to improve the stocks of this species, every year, fingerling of Mahisefid are released into the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. The main objective of this study was to determine populations in different of rivers. In total, 387 fish were collected from four rivers, including Lemir, Sefidrood, Shirrood and Tajan, where this fish migrates for spawning, in spring 2005. Thirteen conventional morphometric factors, 13 ratio and 12 Truss morphometrics were measured and calculated in this study. Conventional and Truss morphometric data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA Principal Component Analysis and discriminant. Average of coefficient of variation (CV%) of morphometric in males was 14.95, 10.28, 17.47 and 16.56 and in females was 21.35, 19.74, 18.25, and 19.74 in Lemir, Sefidrood, Shirrood and Tajan River, respectively, showing that all morphometric characters were significantly different (P<0.05) among four sampling sites (populations). The first component of morphometrics 44.32% in males and 68.94% in females were positive, indicating that the conventional morphometric was good descriptor of the body shape variation among the populations, especially in females. The total cumulative variances were 76.6% and 87.8% in males and females, respectively, suggesting that this can be considered as a useful discriminator. The total cumulative variances were 64.27% and 64.21% in males and females, respectively. The first component of truss was 87.7% and 81.3% of the total variance, in males and females, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that each sampling site represents independent population in each river