HUBUNGAN KADAR GULA DARAH PADA STROKE HEMORAGIK: STUDI META ANALISIS

ABSTRACT Background: Hyperglycemia often occurs during periods of acute stroke and can occur in patients with or without diabetes. Hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for poor clinical outcome in stroke patients. Hyperglycemia occurs in 30-40% of patients with acute ischemic stroke and 43–59% of patients with hemorrhagic strokes. Many studies have shown hyperglycemia on acute phase was respons of stress. Objectives: Knowing the description and relationship of blood glucose levels in hemorrhagic stroke in 11 analyzed journals. Methods: This type of study is a meta-analysis of 11 publicated journals at PubMed and AHA/ASA Journal on 2015-2020 and accessed on August-November 2020. Results: There were 11 journals analyzed, 10 from PubMed and 1 from AHA / ASA Journal. The results of the journal's meta-analysis show The combined effect size on 11 journals has a p value> 0.05 (OR = 0.999 95% CI: 0.969-1.030). Conclusions: The meta-analysis results show that blood glucose is not an independent variable that affects the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke. Keywords: Blood Glucose, Hyperglycemia, Hemorrhagic Stroke   ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Hiperglikemia sering terjadi selama periode stroke akut dan dapat terjadi pada pasien dengan atau tanpa diabetes. Hiperglikemia adalah suatu faktor risiko independen untuk hasil klinis yang buruk pada pasien stroke. Hiperglikemia terjadi pada 30-40% dari pasien dengan stroke iskemik akut dan 43–59% pasien stroke hemoragik. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hiperglikemia reaktif pada stroke fase akut merupakan respons terhadap stres. Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui gambaran dan hubungan kadar gula darah pada stroke hemoragik pada 11 jurnal yang dianalisis. Metode: Jenis studi yang digunakan adalah studi meta analisis pada 11 jurnal terpublikasi PubMed, AHA/ASA Journal yang terbit dengan rentang waktu 2015-2020 dan diakses pada Agustus-November 2020. Hasil: Terdapat 11 jurnal yang dianalisa, 10 dari PubMed dan 1 dari AHA/ASA Journal. Hasil dari meta analisis jurnal menunjukkan effect size gabungan pada 11 jurnal memiliki nilai p > 0.05 (OR = 0,999 CI 95% : 0,969-1,030). Kesimpulan: Hasil meta analisis menunjukkan bahwa gula darah bukan variabel independen yang memengaruhi kejadian stroke hemoragik. Kata Kunci: Gula Darah, Hiperglikemia, Stroke Hemoragi

Sclerostin inhibition alleviates breast cancer-induced bone metastases and muscle weakness

Breast cancer bone metastases often cause a debilitating non-curable condition with osteolytic lesions, muscle weakness and a high mortality. Current treatment comprises chemotherapy, irradiation, surgery and anti-resorptive drugs that restrict but do not revert bone destruction. In metastatic breast cancer cells, we determined the expression of sclerostin, a soluble Wnt inhibitor that represses osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. In mice with breast cancer bone metastases, pharmacological inhibition of sclerostin using an anti-sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) reduced metastases without tumor cell dissemination to other distant sites. Sclerostin inhibition prevented the cancer-induced bone destruction by augmenting osteoblast-mediated bone formation and reducing osteoclast-dependent bone resorption. During advanced disease, NF-κB and p38 signaling was increased in muscles in a TGF-β1-dependent manner, causing muscle fiber atrophy, muscle weakness and tissue regeneration with an increase in Pax7-positive satellite cells. Scl-Ab treatment restored NF-κB and p38 signaling, the abundance of Pax7-positive cells and ultimately muscle function. These effects improved the overall health condition and expanded the life span of cancer-bearing mice. Together, these results demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of sclerostin reduces bone metastatic burden and muscle weakness with a prolongation of the survival time. This might provide novel options for treating musculoskeletal complications in breast cancer patients. 

Biodiversity supporting properties of flaxseed cultivation (Linum usitatissimum L.) in agricultural landscapes

Lein ist die ökonomisch bedeutendste Arzneipflanze in Deutschland und wird auf einer Fläche von über 2500 ha kultiviert. Der durch seine Blüte produzierte Nektar und Pollen stellt möglicherweise eine potentielle Nahrungsquelle für Insekten in intensiv genutzten Agrarlandschaften dar. Um diese Hypothese zu prüfen, wurden blütenökologische Untersuchungen an Lein und in der Umgebung an drei Standorten durchgeführt und Artenlisten von blütenbesuchenden Insekten angefertigt. Der Fokus lag dabei auf den Ordnungen Hymenoptera (ausgenommen Formicidae) und Diptera. Zudem wurden Pollenproben von verschiedenen Wildbienenarten genommen und der Mageninhalt von Schwebfliegen auf das Vorhandensein von Leinpollen untersucht. An zwei der drei untersuchten Standorte waren im Lein mehr Arten anzutreffen als in benachbarten Umgebungsflächen. Alle drei Standorte wiesen in der Leinkultur mehr Individuen an der Ordnung Hymenoptera auf als die jeweilige Umgebung. Bei Vertretern der Gattung Halictus und der Art Lasioglossum calceatum konnte Leinpollen an den Sammelorganen nachgewiesen werden. Zudem wurde bei der Art Syrphus ribesii Leinpollen im Verdauungssystem gefunden. Außerdem zeigte sich, dass die Wildbienen Halictus sp. und Lasioglossum calceatum potentielle Bestäuber des Leins sind und dass der Lein als Nahrungsquelle von der Schwebfliege Syrphus ribesii intensiv genutzt wird.Flaxseed is the economically most important medicinal plant in Germany. It is cultivated on an area of over 2500 ha. Its pollen and/or nectar are a potential foodresource for insects in intensively used agricultural landscapes. To test this hypothesis insects on flowering flaxseed plants and the flowering environment were collected and the species and their abundance were determined. The study focused on taxa of Hymenoptera (except Formicidae) and Diptera. In addition, pollen samples were taken from wildbees and intestinal content of hoverflies was analyzed. On two out of three study sites we found higher species numbers in flaxseed than in the flowering environment. Further, more individuals of Hymenoptera were found in cultivated flaxseed compared to the neighboring environment on all three sites. Flaxseed pollen was found on Halictus sp. and Lasioglossum calceatum, indicating that these species may serve as pollinators of flax. Moreover, flaxseed pollen was found in the digestive system of Syrphus ribesii which suggests a potential role of flaxseed as a food source for this species

ImmunoGlobulin galaxy (IGGalaxy) for simple determination and quantitation of immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangements from NGS

Background: Sequence analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene rearrangements and frequency analysis is a powerful tool for studying the immune repertoire, immune responses and immune dysregulation in health and disease. The challenge is to provide user friendly, secure and reproducible analytical services that are available for both small and large laboratories which are determining VDJ repertoire using NGS technology. Results: In this study we describe ImmunoGlobulin Galaxy (IGGalaxy)- a convenient web based application for analyzing next-generation sequencing results and reporting IGH gene rearrangements for both repertoire and clonality studies. IGGalaxy has two analysis options one using the built in igBLAST algorithm and the second using output from IMGT; in either case repertoire summaries for the B-cell populations tested are available. IGGalaxy supports multi-sample and multi-replicate input analysis for both igBLAST and IMGT/HIGHV-QUEST. We demonstrate the technical validity of this platform using a standard dataset, S22, used for benchmarking the performance of antibody alignment utilities with a 99.9 % concordance with previous results. Re-analysis of NGS data from our samples of RAG-deficient patients demonstrated the validity and user friendliness of this tool. Conclusions: IGGalaxy provides clinical researchers with detailed insight into the repertoire of the B-cell population per individual sequenced and between control and pathogenic genomes. IGGalaxy was developed for 454 NGS results but is capable of analyzing alternative NGS data (e.g. Illumina, Ion Torrent). We demonstrate the use of a Galaxy virtual machine to determine the VDJ repertoire for reference data and from B-cells taken from immune deficient patients. IGGalaxy is available as a VM for download and use on a desktop PC or on a server

Contrasts in Oxidative Potential and Other Particulate Matter Characteristics Collected Near Major Streets and Background Locations

Background: Measuring the oxidative potential of airborne particulate matter (PM) may provide a more health-based exposure measure by integrating various biologically relevant properties of PM into a single predictor of biological activity

Physical and functional interaction between A20 and ATG16L1-WD40 domain in the control of intestinal homeostasis

Prevention of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) relies on tight control of inflammatory, cell death and autophagic mechanisms, but how these pathways are integrated at the molecular level is still unclear. Here we show that the anti-inflammatory protein A20 and the critical autophagic mediator Atg16l1 physically interact and synergize to regulate the stability of the intestinal epithelial barrier. A proteomic screen using the WD40 domain of ATG16L1 (WDD) identified A20 as a WDD-interacting protein. Loss of A20 and Atg16l1 in mouse intestinal epithelium induces spontaneous IBD-like pathology, as characterized by severe inflammation and increased intestinal epithelial cell death in both small and large intestine. Mechanistically, absence of A20 promotes Atg16l1 accumulation, while elimination of Atg16l1 or expression of WDD-deficient Atg16l1 stabilizes A20. Collectively our data show that A20 and Atg16l1 cooperatively control intestinal homeostasis by acting at the intersection of inflammatory, autophagy and cell death pathways

Spielend Lehrer/in werden: problembasiertes Lernen mit virtuellen Schülerinnen/Schülern

Über das Lehramtsstudium sollen Studierende unter anderem dazu befähigt werden, die Leistung ihrer Schüler/innen zu bewerten. Dazu müssen sie Einflussfaktoren auf Schulleistung kennen und diese richtig diagnostizieren und fördern können. Mit diesem Beitrag wird eine game- und E-Learning-gestützte Lernumgebung vorgestellt, in der Studierende – anders als in vielen inputorientierten Seminarkonzepten – in einem virtuellen Klassenzimmer an realitätsnahen Fällen lernen, problembasiert zu diagnostizieren und zu fördern. Über den Einsatz der Lernumgebung in der Lehre wird berichtet, erste Rückmeldungen von Lehrenden und Studierenden werden erläutert und weitere Planungsschritte dargestellt. 13.05.2016 | Saskia Praetorius, Daniel Al-Kabbani, Carla Bohndick, Johanna Hilkenmeier, Sebastian T. König, Hanna S. Müsche, Sabrina Sommer & Katrin B. Klingsieck (Paderborn, Regensburg

Variable levels of drift in tunicate cardiopharyngeal gene regulatory elements.

Background: Mutations in gene regulatory networks often lead to genetic divergence without impacting gene expression or developmental patterning. The rules governing this process of developmental systems drift, including the variable impact of selective constraints on different nodes in a gene regulatory network, remain poorly delineated. Results: Here we examine developmental systems drift within the cardiopharyngeal gene regulatory networks of two tunicate species, Corella inflata and Ciona robusta. Cross-species analysis of regulatory elements suggests that trans-regulatory architecture is largely conserved between these highly divergent species. In contrast, cis-regulatory elements within this network exhibit distinct levels of conservation. In particular, while most of the regulatory elements we analyzed showed extensive rearrangements of functional binding sites, the enhancer for the cardiopharyngeal transcription factor FoxF is remarkably well-conserved. Even minor alterations in spacing between binding sites lead to loss of FoxF enhancer function, suggesting that bound trans-factors form position-dependent complexes. Conclusions: Our findings reveal heterogeneous levels of divergence across cardiopharyngeal cis-regulatory elements. These distinct levels of divergence presumably reflect constraints that are not clearly associated with gene function or position within the regulatory network. Thus, levels of cis-regulatory divergence or drift appear to be governed by distinct structural constraints that will be difficult to predict based on network architectur

A20 critically controls microglia activation and inhibits inflammasome-dependent neuroinflammation

Microglia, the mononuclear phagocytes of the central nervous system (CNS), are important for the maintenance of CNS homeostasis, but also critically contribute to CNS pathology. Here we demonstrate that the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) regulatory protein A20 is crucial in regulating microglia activation during CNS homeostasis and pathology. In mice, deletion of A20 in microglia increases microglial cell number and affects microglial regulation of neuronal synaptic function. Administration of a sublethal dose of lipopolysaccharide induces massive microglia activation, neuroinflammation, and lethality in mice with microgliaconfined A20 deficiency. Microglia A20 deficiency also exacerbates multiple sclerosis (MS) like disease, due to hyperactivation of the NIrp3 inflammasome leading to enhanced interleukin-113 secretion and CNS inflammation. Finally, we confirm a NIrp3 inflammasome signature and IL-1 beta expression in brain and cerebrospinal fluid from MS patients. Collectively, these data reveal a critical role for A20 in the control of microglia activation and neuroinflammation

Variable Levels Of Drift In Tunicate Cardiopharyngeal Gene Regulatory Elements

Background: Mutations in gene regulatory networks often lead to genetic divergence without impacting gene expression or developmental patterning. The rules governing this process of developmental systems drift, including the variable impact of selective constraints on different nodes in a gene regulatory network, remain poorly delineated. Results: Here we examine developmental systems drift within the cardiopharyngeal gene regulatory networks of two tunicate species, Corella inflata and Ciona robusta. Cross-species analysis of regulatory elements suggests that trans-regulatory architecture is largely conserved between these highly divergent species. In contrast, cis-regulatory elements within this network exhibit distinct levels of conservation. In particular, while most of the regulatory elements we analyzed showed extensive rearrangements of functional binding sites, the enhancer for the cardiopharyngeal transcription factor FoxF is remarkably well-conserved. Even minor alterations in spacing between binding sites lead to loss of FoxF enhancer function, suggesting that bound trans-factors form position-dependent complexes. Conclusions: Our findings reveal heterogeneous levels of divergence across cardiopharyngeal cis-regulatory elements. These distinct levels of divergence presumably reflect constraints that are not clearly associated with gene function or position within the regulatory network. Thus, levels of cis-regulatory divergence or drift appear to be governed by distinct structural constraints that will be difficult to predict based on network architecture