Los sistemas de evaluación de la investigación y la universidad en América Latina: ¿distintos sistemas para un mismo fin?

En un contexto de profundas transformaciones de la relación Estado-Universidad, caracterizando el accionar del primero como el de un "Estado evaluador", la evaluación en la universidad se asoció inmediatamente a la noción de "calidad" y de "acreditación" de carreras e instituciones. A la par de dichas transformaciones, el Estado implementó programas para alentar el desarrollo de la investigación en la universidad e instauró distintos sistemas de evaluación de la misma, promoviendo en definitiva un nuevo tipo de investigador universitario. El propósito de este trabajo es mostrar qué características han adquirido los diversos sistemas de evaluación de la investigación científica, específicamente aquellos vinculados a la labor realizada en la institución universitaria. Para ello, se han escogido tres casos naciones: México, Venezuela y Argentina. Entre las conclusiones, se señala que si bien los sistemas de evaluación diseñados por estos países ocurrieron dentro del mismo proceso histórico a nivel regional, los rasgos que adquirió cada sistema de evaluación dan cuenta de los distintos modelos de investigación científica y de perfil de profesor-investigador que sustenta a cada uno de ellos.In a context of profound transformations of the State-University relationship, characterizing the actions of the former as an "evaluative State", university assessment has been immediately associated with the notion of "quality" and "accreditation" of careers and institutions. Along with these changes, the State implemented programs to encourage the development of research at universities and established different research evaluation systems (RES), promoting a new type of university researcher. The purpose of this paper is to show the features that have been acquired by the various scientific research evaluation systems, specifically those related to university. To that end, three national cases have been chosen: Mexico, Venezuela and Argentina. Among conclusions, it may be noted that even though evaluation systems designed by these countries occurred within the same historical process at the regional level, the features that each evaluation system acquired account for the different models of scientific research and the profiles of professor- researcher that support each of them.Fil: Sarthou, Nerina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Centro de Estudios Interdiscilplinarios e/problemas Internos y Locales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentin

Knowledge representation and exploitation for interactive and cognitive robots

L'arrivée des robots dans notre vie quotidienne fait émerger le besoin pour ces systèmes d'avoir accès à une représentation poussée des connaissances et des capacités de raisonnements associées. Ainsi, les robots doivent pouvoir comprendre les éléments qui composent l'environnement dans lequel ils évoluent. De plus, la présence d'humains dans ces environnements et donc la nécessité d'interagir avec eux amènent des exigences supplémentaires. Ainsi, les connaissances ne sont plus utilisées par le robot dans le seul but d'agir physiquement sur son environnement mais aussi dans un but de communication et de partage d'information avec les humains. La connaissance ne doit plus être uniquement compréhensible par le robot lui-même mais doit aussi pouvoir être exprimée. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous présentons Ontologenius. C'est un logiciel permettant de maintenir des bases de connaissances sous forme d'ontologie, de raisonner dessus et de les gérer dynamiquement. Nous commençons par expliquer en quoi ce logiciel est adapté aux applications d'interaction humain-robot (HRI), notamment avec la possibilité de représenter la base de connaissances du robot mais aussi une estimation des bases de connaissances des partenaires humains ce qui permet d'implémenter les mécanismes de théorie de l'esprit. Nous poursuivons avec une présentation de ses interfaces. Cette partie se termine par une analyse des performances du système ainsi développé. Dans une seconde partie, cette thèse présente notre contribution à deux problèmes d'exploration des connaissances: l'un ayant trait au référencement spatial et l'autre à l'utilisation de connaissances sémantiques. Nous commençons par une tâche de description d'itinéraires pour laquelle nous proposons une ontologie permettant de décrire la topologie d'environnements intérieurs et deux algorithmes de recherche d'itinéraires. Nous poursuivons avec une tâche de génération d'expression de référence. Cette tâche vise à sélectionner l'ensemble optimal d'informations à communiquer afin de permettre à un auditeur d'identifier l'entité référencée dans un contexte donné. Ce dernier algorithme est ensuite affiné pour y ajouter les informations sur les activités passées provenant d'une action conjointe entre un robot et un humain, afin de générer des expressions encore plus pertinentes. Il est également intégré à un planificateur de tâches symbolique pour estimer la faisabilité et le coût des futures communications. Cette thèse se termine par la présentation de deux architectures cognitives, la première utilisant notre contribution concernant la description d'itinéraire et la seconde utilisant nos contributions autour de la Génération d'Expression de Référence. Les deux utilisent Ontologenius pour gérer la base de connaissances sémantique. À travers ces deux architectures, nous présentons comment nos travaux ont amené la base de connaissances a progressivement prendre un rôle central, fournissant des connaissances à tous les composants du système.As robots begin to enter our daily lives, we need advanced knowledge representations and associated reasoning capabilities to enable them to understand and model their environments. Considering the presence of humans in such environments, and therefore the need to interact with them, this need comes with additional requirements. Indeed, knowledge is no longer used by the robot for the sole purpose of being able to act physically on the environment but also to communicate and share information with humans. Therefore knowledge should no longer be understandable only by the robot itself, but should also be able to be narrative-enabled. In the first part of this thesis, we present our first contribution with Ontologenius. This software allows to maintain knowledge bases in the form of ontology, to reason on them and to manage them dynamically. We start by explaining how this software is suitable for \acrfull{hri} applications. To that end, for example to implement theory of mind abilities, it is possible to represent the robot's knowledge base as well as an estimate of the knowledge bases of human partners. We continue with a presentation of its interfaces. This part ends with a performance analysis, demonstrating its online usability. In a second part, we present our contribution to two knowledge exploration problems around the general topic of spatial referring and the use of semantic knowledge. We start with the route description task which aims to propose a set of possible routes leading to a target destination, in the framework of a guiding task. To achieve this task, we propose an ontology allowing us to describe the topology of indoor environments and two algorithms to search for routes. The second knowledge exploration problem we tackle is the \acrfull{reg} problem. It aims at selecting the optimal set of piece of information to communicate in order to allow a hearer to identify the referred entity in a given context. This contribution is then refined to use past activities coming from joint action between a robot and a human, in order to generate new kinds of Referring Expressions. It is also linked with a symbolic task planner to estimate the feasibility and cost of future communications. We conclude this thesis by the presentation of two cognitive architectures. The first one uses the route description contribution and the second one takes advantage of our Referring Expression Generation contribution. Both of them use Ontologenius to manage the semantic Knowledge Base. Through these two architectures, we present how our contributions enable Knowledge Base to gradually take a central role, providing knowledge to all the components of the architectures

A dinâmica da relação entre o CONICET e duas universidades nacionais da Argentina

Este trabajo explora la relación reciente entre el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) de Argentina y la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) y la Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA). A partir de identificar determinadas dimensiones de análisis, se relevaron las principales iniciativas impulsadas por CONICET y se describió la relación entablada con las universidades estudiadas, para detectar sus características y qué factores parecen incidir en la misma. Los resultados principales muestran, en la última década, un acercamiento del CONI CET a dichas universidades como socio indispensable de la puesta en marcha de la política científico-tecnológica a nivel nacional. Pero la relación que el organismo establece con cada una de ellas está significativamente relacionada con el contexto histórico y político y con la tradición en investigación de cada casa de estudio.The recent relationship established between the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) in Argentina and two national universities: Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNL) and Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA) is reviewed in this paper. After identifying certain analytical dimensions, major initiatives promoted by CONICET for national universities are presented, followed by a description of the relationship established betwen CONICET and each specific university. The paper seeks to identify the features characterizing this relationship and the factors that seem to influence the bond. The main results show that in the last decade CONICET has considered those national universities as an indispensable partner for the implementation of its national science and technology policy. However, the relationship between the Council and each national university is significantly related to the historical and political context and the research tradition of each institution.Este trabalho explora a relação recente entre o Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) da Argentina e duas universidades nacionais: Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) e Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA). Após a identificação de certas dimensões de análise, foram levantadas as principais iniciativas promovidas pelo CONICET para universidades nacionais, e descreveu-se a relação estabelecida com as universidades estudadas, para identificar as características dessa vinculação e quais os fatores que parecem influenciar o relacionamento. Os principais resultados mostram na última década, uma aproximação do CONICET a essas universidades, como parceiro indispensável da implementação da política científica e tecnológica a nível nacional. Mas a relação estabelecida pelo CONICET com cada uma delas está significativamente ligada ao contexto histórico e político e à tradição de pesquisa de cada instituição.Fil: Sarthou, Nerina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios Entre Problemas Internos y Locales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Oregioni, María Soledad. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios Entre Problemas Internos y Locales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil; Argentin

STN keys for the identification of adult european syrphidae 2012

The identification keys presented here include a key to the genera of European Syrphidae and Microdontidae and keys to the species of various genera. They do not comprise a comprehensive set of keys to the identification of European syrphid species. While every effort has been made to ensure that each key is as self-contained and accurate as possible it is not suggested that these keys be used in isolation from other literature on identification of European syrphids. In the StN Species Accounts volume (Speight, 2012) information is given for each species on identification literature, sources of figures of the male terminalia, sources of coloured illustrations of the adult fly etc., together with suggestions (where appropriate) of additional features to use for identification purposes. That information is not repeated here. A genus for which an StN key to the European species exists is indicated in the generic key following the name of the genus, by the phrase “see StN key to European species”. Various syrphid genera are represented in Europe by no more than one species. For these, the generic key provides a mechanism for identification to species level and the name of the European species is given in the generic key, following the name of the genus. This volume is presented in two sections, an English section and a French section. The key to European syrphid genera appears only in the English section. But all of the keys to the species of individual genera appear in both sections. Each key is dated, to show when it was most recently updated. The keys to the species of individual genera are presented in alphabetical order of the genera they cover, under Microdontidae and Syrphidae. No grouping is made of genera in subfamilies or tribes. For further information on the known European species in each genus the StN Species Accounts volume (Speight, 2012) should be consulted. There is unfortunately no standard set of English-language terms used for morphological features in taxonomic literature on Syrphidae. Contrasting accounts are provided by Thompson (1999) and Speight (1987). Part 3 of the present volume presents a Glossary of the terms used for morphological features in the StN keys, together with figures showing those features

El Programa de Incentivos a Docentes Investigadores en Argentina: a dos décadas de su implementación

En noviembre de 1993, las universidades de gestión pública en Argentina fueron destinatarias de una iniciativa explícita de promoción de la investigación: el Programa de Incentivos a Docentes Investigadores de Universidades Nacionales. A dos décadas de su puesta en marcha, este artículo se propone analizar el recorrido histórico que ha atravesado esta política en sus dos etapas: entre 1993 y 2002 y entre 2003 y 2013. Para cada una de ellas se presentan los rasgos sobresalientes del período así como indicadores concretos del Programa, que permiten distinguir los resultados más destacados de su aplicación con el objeto de repensar su diseño e implementación.In November 1993 in Argentina, universities were informed about an initiative to promote research: the Program of Incentives for Teachers and Researchers in National Universities. Two decades after the Program’s inception, this article analyzes the historical path that policy has gone through in its two stages: from 1993 to 2002 and from 2003 to 2013. For each period, the salient features are presented as well as specific program indicators that mark out the most important results of their application in order to rethink their design and implementation

International Participation of Subnational Actors: Contributions to Study University

International participation of subnational actors is a contemporary issue that emerged mainly as a result of globalizer processes, national transformations and redefinition of decentralization processes experienced in the past three decades. These processes have led to the external participation of different actors, such as companies, cities, universities, civil society organizations, subnational government institutions and even individuals. However, the process of international involvement of these actors in the same national and international scene has been diverse. Within the variety of actors above mentioned, it has become particularly active the international involvement of universities. This paper presents a framework of analysis to explain the reasons why certain universities have achieved a certain level of internationalization. It seeks to link the development of the international dimension to the capabilities of the institution; specifically this framework considers as relevant the notion of “state capacity”.Fil: Calvento, Mariana. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios entre Problemas Internos y Locales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Sarthou, Nerina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios entre Problemas Internos y Locales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; ArgentinaFil: López, María Paz. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios entre Problemas Internos y Locales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentin

Framing On Facebook: Examining an Issues Management Approach to Obesity

This study utilized a quantitative content analysis to examine how ten major food corporations are managing and framing the obesity issue on Facebook. Despite the potential for communicating about issues with large numbers of active stakeholders on social media, corporations in our study are not maximizing their issues management efforts on this medium. This study reveals that the overall strategy used by these corporations involves providing individual-focused information about living healthy lifestyles. Food corporations are taking a very positive and empowering approach to the issue by refraining from using the term “obesity” in their messages and frames, providing personalized information related to empowering a healthy lifestyle, and using the product nutrition frame, all of which were found to be the more effective tactics in generating dialogue and positive reaction from stakeholders

Panel. Faulkner and Contemporary Haitian Women Writers

For Fear of a Scandal: Sexual Policing and the Preservation of Colonial Relations in William Faulkner and Marie Vieux-Chauvet / Jenna Sciuto, Northeastern UniversityIn the Book of the Dead, the Narrator is the Self: Edwidge Danticat\u27s The Dew Breaker as a Response to William Faulkner\u27s Absalom, Absalom! / Sharron Eve Sarthou, Rust College Identity and Disordered Eating in Light in August and Breath, Eyes, Memory / Carrie Helms Tippen, Texas Christian Universit