Satisfaction with caregiving among informal caregivers of elderly people with dementia based on the salutogenic model of health

Objectives: The main objective was to analyze the variables Sense of Coherence, Resilience and Emotional Regulation as predictors of satisfaction with care in caregivers of older adults people with dementia. Methods: An ex post facto cross-sectional study design with a single group. The data were collected between June and October 2020.63 caregivers of older adults people with severe dementia participated, by responding to questionnaires concerning the study variables during a telephone interview. Information was also collected regarding the characteristics of the care provided (years of evolution, degree of dementia, index of independence) and regarding the caregiver (age and years of caregiving) which will be analyzed as control variables. The data were analyzed using correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The participants presented average levels for Sense of Coherence, Resilience, Emotional Regulation (M = 16.93) and a high degree of Satisfaction with care. Sense of Coherence was the main predictor of Satisfaction with care, explaining up to 67% of the variance, through its Significance and Comprehensibility dimensions. Although the Resilience variable presented a significant association with Satisfaction, its role in the predictive model was displaced by Sense of Coherence. Conclusions: Sense of Coherence and Resilience are relevant psychological variables because of their positive relationship with satisfaction with care among caregivers of older adults people with dementia. The caregivers' perception of the significance and comprehensibility of the situation are important positive predictors of their satisfaction with the care of older people with dementia. These results are suggestive to guide the follow-up and psychological support of caregivers

Funciones tempranas del gesto de señalar privado: la contemplación y la autorregulación a través del gesto de señalar

This work presents an empirical exploration of the private uses of the pointing gesture in infants. Based upon our previous research on the analogy between the private use of language and the private use of pointing gestures, we explore the possibility that infant pointing gestures have private or intrapersonal functions associated to the organization of the infants' own action. Additionally, and based upon previous research about early communication, we explore the possibility that infant pointing gestures support cognitive processes associated to the private contemplation of the objects. Both hypotheses were explored in an observational study, where four independent observers coded 120 examples of infant pointing gestures (observed in two infants between 8 and 24 months of age). Based upon these observational data and our previous research about the private use of pointing by older children, two main private functions of infant pointing gesture are proposed: self-regulatory and contemplative.ResumenEste trabajo se ha dirigido hacia la exploración empírica de dos usos privados del gesto de señalar infantil. Siguiendo una analogía con el uso privado del lenguaje hemos explorado la posibilidad de que este gesto también asuma funciones asociadas a la planificación de la propia acción. Asimismo, a partir de la literatura sobre comunicación temprana, se ha explorado la posibilidad de que el gesto de señalar también colabore en la contemplación individual de los objetos. Ambas funciones fueron investigadas en un estudio observacional en el que cuatro jueces independientes valoraron la función de una muestra heterogénea de 120 gestos de señalar observadas en dos niños entre los 8 y los 24 meses de edad. Los registros obtenidos concuerdan con los datos de nuestra investigación previa sobre el uso privado del gesto de señalar en niños mayores y nos permiten proponer dos principales funciones privadas: la contemplación y la autorregulación. AbstractThis work presents an empirical exploration of the private uses of the pointing gesture in infants. Based upon our previous research on the analogy between the private use of language and the private use of pointing gestures, we explore the possibility that infant pointing gestures have private or intrapersonal functions associated to the organization of the infants' own action. Additionally, and based upon previous research about early communication, we explore the possibility that infant pointing gestures support cognitive processes associated to the private contemplation of the objects. Both hypotheses were explored in an observational study, where four independent observers coded 120 examples of infant pointing gestures (observed in two infants between 8 and 24 months of age). Based upon these observational data and our previous research about the private use of pointing by older children, two main private functions of infant pointing gesture are proposed: self-regulatory and contemplative

Financial Fraud, Mental Health, and Quality of Life: A Study on the Population of the City of Madrid, Spain

Over the past few decades, the financial system has engaged in abusive practices that meet the definition of fraud. Our objective is to compare the prevalence of psychological distress and levels of health-related quality of life according to having been exposed to financial fraud and its economic impact on family finances. The City of Madrid Health Survey 2017 included specific questions on exposure to financial fraud-this section was administered to half of the participants (n = 4425). Mental health need or caseness was defined by a score greater than two on the 12-item version of the Goldberg health questionnaire. Health-related quality of life was assessed by the Darmouth Coop Functional Health Assessment Charts/WONCA (COOP/WONCA). The prevalence of financial fraud was 10.8%. The prevalence rate ratio for caseness of those who experienced severe economic impact due to fraud was 1.62 (95%, CI 1.17-2.25; reference: no fraud), after adjustment by age, sex, social class, and immigrant status. Women experienced a decreased quality of life, even with a moderate impact of fraud, while men experienced a decreased quality of life related to fraud with severe economic impact. The current study contributes to a growing body of literature showing the effects of economic shocks on health as a result of financial fraud.This research was funded by IMIENS—Joint Research Institute National Distance Education University and Health Institute Carlos III (IMIENS 2017-002).S

Young children’s understanding of envy

Precursors of young children’s understanding of self-conscious emotions: envy across culture

Un modelo global de estrés en padres de personas con trastornos del espectro autista.

This research sought to analyse stress among mothers and fathers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to determine the relevant variables for its explanation and the possible gender differences. To examine parents' stress, we propose a multidimensional model based on the Double ABCX theoretical model. We argue that the result of stress depends on the following four interrelated factors: the characteristics of the child with ASD (the severity of the disorder and behaviour problems), the social supports, the parents' perception of the situation (evaluate by sense of coherence) and the coping strategies.Fifty-nine set of parents (fifty-nine mothers and fifty-nine fathers) of children diagnosed with ASD participated in the study. The data were analysed using a path analysis through the AMOS 5 Graphic program. We obtained two empirical models of stress: one model for mothers and one for fathers. In both models, the severity of disorder and the behaviour problems had a direct and positive effect on stress. The sense of coherence (SOC) had a mediating role, and social support was relevant only for mothers. Finally, the results offer some guidelines for professionals working with families.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo el análisis del estrés en las madres y en los padres de personas con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA), con el fin de identificar las variables relevantes en la adaptación al estrés y las posibles diferencias de género. Proponemos un modelo multidimensional, basado en el modelo teórico Doble ABCX, en el que el resultado de estrés depende de cuatro factores interrelacionados: las características de la persona con TEA (severidad del trastorno y problemas de conducta), los apoyos sociales, la percepción de la situación (evaluada mediante el sentido de la coherencia) y las estrategias de afrontamiento. Cincuenta y nueve parejas (59 madres y 59 padres) con un hijo/a diagnosticado/a de TEA participaron en el estudio. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando path análisis a través del programa estadístico LISREL 8.80. Se obtuvieron dos modelos empíricos de estrés: uno para madres y otro para padres. En ambos modelos la severidad del trastorno y los problemas de conducta presentaron un efecto directo y positivo sobre el estrés. El sentido de la coherencia (SOC) y las estrategias de afrontamiento de evitación activa presentaron un papel mediador en los modelos. Los apoyos sociales resultaron relevantes sólo para las madres. Finalmente, se discuten las aportaciones de estos resultados para el trabajo de los profesionales con las familias

Observación de la comunicación intencional preverbal: un sistema de codificación basado en el concepto de categoría natural

La investigación sobre comunicación preverbal se apoya esencialmente en la observación. Sin embargo, la revisión crítica de la bibliografía pone de manifiesto las limitaciones de los sistemas de observación utilizados hasta el momento. En este artículo se describe un instrumento nuevo para la observación de la conducta comunicativa preverbal, creado en el contexto de una investigación sobre la aparición de la intención comunicativa y su relación con otras facetas del desarrollo del niño. Partiendo del concepto de "acto comunicativo intencional' como categoría natural de límites borrosos, se organizan cuatro sistemas de categorías. Estos se pueden integrar en un sistema de codificación único que permite la observación de la frecuencia de comunicación intencional preverbal, sus funciones, las conductas específicas utilizadas y sus características espacio-temporales y sociales. Su aplicación en un estudio longitudinal sobre el desarrollo comunicativo nos permitió comprobar la relevancia de las dimensiones y de las categorías definidas, así como la fiabilidad de los datos obtenidos

A global model of stress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo el análisis del estrés en las madres y en los padres de personas con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA), con el fin de identificar las variables relevantes en la adaptación al estrés y las posibles diferencias de género. Proponemos un modelo multidimensional, basado en el modelo teórico Doble ABCX, en el que el resultado de estrés depende de cuatro factores interrelacionados: las características de la persona con TEA (severidad del trastorno y problemas de conducta), los apoyos sociales, la percepción de la situación (evaluada mediante el sentido de la coherencia) y las estrategias de afrontamiento. Cincuenta y nueve parejas (59 madres y 59 padres) con un hijo/a diagnosticado/a de TEA participaron en el estudio. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando path análisis a través del programa estadístico LISREL 8.80. Se obtuvieron dos modelos empíricos de estrés: uno para madres y otro para padres. En ambos modelos la severidad del trastorno y los problemas de conducta presentaron un efecto directo y positivo sobre el estrés. El sentido de la coherencia (SOC) y las estrategias de afrontamiento de evitación activa presentaron un papel mediador en los modelos. Los apoyos sociales resultaron relevantes sólo para las madres. Finalmente, se discuten las aportaciones de estos resultados para el trabajo de los profesionales con las familias.This research sought to analyse stress among mothers and fathers of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to determine the relevant variables for its explanation and the possible gender differences. To examine parents' stress, we propose a multidimensional model based on the Double ABCX theoretical model. We argue that the result of stress depends on the following four interrelated factors: the characteristics of the individual with ASD (the severity of the disorder and behaviour problems), the social supports, the parents' perception of the situation (evaluated by sense of coherence) and the coping strategies. Fifty-nine sets of parents (59 mothers and 59 fathers) of individuals diagnosed with ASD participated in the study. The data were analysed using a path analysis through the LISREL 8.80 program. We obtained two empirical models of stress: one model for mothers and one for fathers. In both models, the severity of the disorder and the behaviour problems had a direct and positive effect on stress. The sense of coherence (SOC) and active avoidance coping strategies had a mediating role in models. Social support was relevant only for mothers. Finally, the results offer some guidelines for professionals working with families.A global model of stress in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD