Patterns of Play in the Fast attack of F. C. Barcelona, Manchester United and F. C. Internazionale Milano- A Mixed Method Approach

This study aimed to detect and analyse regular patterns of play in fast attack of football teams, through the combination of the sequential analysis technique and semi-structured interviews to experienced first League Portuguese coaches. The sample included 36 games (12 games of the respective national leagues per team) of the F.C. Barcelona, Inter Milan, and Manchester United teams that were coded with the observational instrument tool developed by Sarmento et al. (2010) and the data analysed through sequential analysis with the software SDIS-GSEQ 5.0. Based on the detected patterns, semistructured interviews were carried out to 8 expert high-performance football coaches and data were analysed through the content analysis technique using the software NVivo 10. The detected patterns of play revealed specific characteristics of the teams under study. The combination of the results of sequential analysis with the qualitative interviews to the professional coaches proved to be very fruitful in this game the analysis of scope, allowing reconcile scientific knowledge with practical interpretation of coaches who develop their tasks in the fieldinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Representações, estímulos e constrangimentos do árbitro de futebol de 11

O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer as representações, estímulos e constrangimentos de árbitros portugueses de futebol de 11. Através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas foram inquiridos 19 árbitros. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo com o software Nvivo 10. A análise dos resultados permitiu concluir que a representação do que é ser árbitro se consubstancia, sobretudo, pelo paixão e prazer pela atividade, sendo também atribuída significativa importância aos valores como a idoneidade, a isenção, responsabilidade, respeito e dignidade. Referiram que um bom árbitro apresenta não só uma boa condição física, mas também uma estrutura psicológica e um “saber estar” que potenciam o seu desempenho. A generalidade dos entrevistados sentia-se estimulada para o exercício desta atividade, referindo o prazer e a possibilidade de progressão na carreira como os principais estímulos. Aqueles que não se sentiam estimulados consideraram que eram mal remunerados e pouco acompanhados e acarinhados pelos responsáveis da arbitragem. Os principais constrangimentos apontados foram os comportamentos agressivos de adeptos, dirigentes e público, as dificuldades de conciliação com a vida familiar e profissional, as dificuldades de progressão na carreira e a injustiça na avaliação do desempenh

Construcción de un instrumento para la observación y el análisis de las interacciones en el waterpolo

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo el desarrollo y validación de un instrumento ad hoc para la observación del juego de waterpolo. Mediante un estudio exploratorio se identificaron los criterios vertebradores, así como los comportamientos asociados a cada criterio, tomando como referencia: (i) la revisión de la literatura; (ii) las reuniones con expertos del waterpolo; (iii) la observación exploratoria de varios partidos oficiales de esta modalidad deportiva. Posteriormente, se ha preguntado a un grupo de expertos sobre la relevancia de las variables que hemos identificado, teniendo en cuenta su representación en relación con los aspectos fundamentales del juego. Con este fin, hemos desarrollado una escala tipo Likert (1-5 puntos). Las categorías se consideraron representativas cuando en un porcentaje mayor del 60% los entrenadores clasificaron las respuestas en los niveles 4 ó 5 de la escala. Los expertos han elegido como más representativas las siguientes variables: i) zona del campo donde se produce la acción; ii) la actividad del portero; (iii) el jugador sin balón; (iv) el jugador del equipo contrario sin balón; (v) el jugador del equipo contrario, en comparación con el jugador con balón; (vi) el jugador sin balón del equipo en posesión del balón. El instrumento construido, que combina el formato de campo y los sistemas de categorías, puede ayudar a los entrenadores, jugadores e investigadores a interpretar mejor la realidad dinámica que caracteriza el desempeño individual y colectivo del waterpolo.This study describes the development and validation process of an ad hoc observational instrument for waterpolo games. During the exploratory phase of the study, we identified central criteria and observed respective behaviours for each of these criterion based on: i) a literature review; ii) meetings with experts on this sport; iii) unsystematic observation of several games. Subsequently, we asked a panel of waterpolo experts to give their opinion on the relevance of these variables, considering their representativeness in relation to fundamental aspects of the game. For this purpose, a five-point rating scale was constructed (Likert scale). Categories were considered to be representative when over 60% of the coaches awarded a rating of four or five. The experts chose the following as the most representative variables: (i) the area of the field where the game action happens; (ii) goalkeeper activity; (iii) players without the ball; (iv) opponent team-players without the ball; (v) opponent players in comparison with the player in possession of the ball; (vi) players without the ball from the team in possession of the ball. The resulting instrument, characterized by a combination of field formats and systems of categories, can help coaches, players and researchers to improve their interpretation of the reality and dynamics of individual and collective performance.O presente estudo teve como objectivo o desenvolvimento e validação de um instrumento ad hoc para observação do jogo de polo aquático. Desta forma, através de uma fase exploratória do estudo, foram identificados os critérios vertebrados e respectivos comportamentos associados a cada critério, tendo por base: (i) a revisão da literatura; (ii) reuniões com experts da modalidade; (iii) observação exploratória de diversos jogos oficiais de polo aquático. Posteriormente, questionámos um painel de experts acerca da relevância das variáveis por nós identificadas, considerando a sua representatividade em relação aos aspectos fundamentais do jogo. Para tal, foi desenvolvida uma escala tipo likert (de 1 a 5 pontos). As categorias foram consideradas representativas quandomais de 60% dos treinadores classificaram as suas respostas nos níveis 4 ou 5 da escala. Os experts elegeram como mais representativas, as seguintes variáveis: i) zona do campo onde a acção ocorre; ii) a actividade do guarda-redes; (iii) o jogador sem bola; (iv) o jogador da equipa oponente sem bola; (v) a equipa oponente, como oposição ao jogador em posse de bola; (vi) o jogador sem bola da equipa com posse de bola. O instrumento resultante, constituído por formatos de campo e sistemas de categorias, poderá ajudar os treinadores, jogadores e investigadores a interpretarem de uma melhor forma a realidade dinâmica que caracteriza a performance individual e colectiva deste jogo

Coach decision-making in Futsal: from preparation to competition

The purpose of this paper was to analyse expert futsal coaches process of decision-making from preparation to competitive moments. Ten expert and professional coaches’ (M = 46,9 ± 7,93 years old andM= 15,4 ± 7,22 years of coaching experience) from different countries were interviewed using asemi-structured interview (quantitative and qualitative) with two different goals: (1) evaluate the preparation for decision-making moment during the game; (2) classifying the importance of different game related points for decision-making during match moment. The data analysis was processed through combination of deductive and inductive methods through software QSR NVivo 11. The results revealed that coaches’ share similar ideas when preparing their teams. Coaches focus first their attention on their own team identity and frame andsecond on opposition team behaviour and frame. It was also possible to identify clear coaching behavioural signs possible to be structured as cues and guiding lines for their decision-making process and actions before and during competitive moments. Such information can be important for the development of most appropriated coaching education curriculums according to game demands specificities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

INTERSPECIFIC PARENTAL CARE BY A RUFOUS‐COLLARED SPARROW (ZONOTRICHIA CAPENSIS) AT A NEST OF THE PALE‐BREASTED THRUSH (TURDUS LEUCOMELAS) PARASITIZED BY A COWBIRD (MOLOTHRUS BONARIENSIS)

ABSTRACT ∙ Interspecific parental care (IPC) in birds, when one individual helps to rear the offspring of another species, is rare outside the context of brood parasitism. Reports of IPC addressed to non‐brood‐parasitic bird species are mostly anecdotal, and in some cases have been explained as a non‐adaptive response to the begging calls of interspecific nestlings in the vicinity of the helper's own nest. Here, we report a case study of a Rufous‐collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis) feeding three nestlings in a Pale‐breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas) nest, including one Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) nestling. The combined feeding rate of the nest owners was not significantly different from that of the helper, which fed all nestlings and removed their fecal sacs. To our knowledge, this is the first IPC case reported for South America, and we hypothesize that parasite begging sounds are one of the proximate causes of this behavior.RESUMO ∙ Cuidado parental interespecífico por um tico‐tico (Zonotrichia capensis) em um ninho de sabiá‐barranco (Turdus leucomelas) parasitado por um chopim (Molothrus bonariensis) Cuidado parental interespecífico (IPC) em aves, quando um indivíduo ajuda a criar filhotes de outra espécie, é raro fora do contexto de parasitismo de ninhada. Registros de IPC direcionado a espécies de aves que não são parasitas de ninhada são geralmente anedóticos, e em alguns casos têm sido explicados como uma resposta não adaptativa às vocalizações dos filhotes de outras espécies na vizinhança do ninho do ajudante. Nesse estudo, registramos um estudo de caso de um tico‐tico (Zonotrichia capensis) alimentando três ninhegos em um ninho de sabiá‐barranco (Turdus leucomelas), incluindo um ninhego de chopim (Molothrus bonariensis). A taxa de alimentação combinada dos parentais não diferiu significativamente daquela do ajudante, que alimentou todos os ninhegos e removeu seus sacos fecais. Ao nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro IPC registrado na América do Sul, e nós hipotetizamos que os chamados do parasita estão entre as causas próximas deste comportamento

Achievement goals and self-determination in adult football players: a cluster analysis

To better understand the relationship between aspects of motivation and performance level of adult football players, this study aimed to identify differences in motivation in different motivational profiles created through hierarchical cluster analysis. The participants consisted of 304 adult football players (90 professionals, 144 semi-professionals, 70 amateurs, age: 25.4 ± 4.6 y). Participants completed the Task and Ego Orientation in Sports Questionnaire and the Self-Regulation Questionnaire. Based on the constructs of the questionnaires cluster analyses were performed. Chi-square was used to determine any relationships between players and clusters. Four different clusters were identified. There was no typical motivational profile for football players from different competitive levels. However, the differences in all four clusters represented specific characteristics in football players from the different levels of competition most represented in each cluster. Cluster 1, which was the most adaptive, was not related to competition level. On the other hand, professional athletes were significantly less represented in the least adaptive motivational profile (Cluster 4). The results highlight the complex relationship between competition and sporting motivation. Identifying the motivational profile characteristics of football players who can reach higher competitive levels presents itself as a future research opportunity

a systematic review

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Tactical analysis of elite football teams - a mixed method aproach

El fútbol es un juego con una naturaleza aleatoria intermitente, por la cual los elementos críticos del juego a veces se determinan por casualidad. La investigación sobre el análisis de partidos en este deporte se ha centrado principalmente en la descripción de las acciones físicas, fisiológicas y técnicas del juego como un intento de cuantificar la actividad de los jugadores. Se ha llevado a cabo menos trabajo sobre las actividades de los jugadores de fútbol, en particular la cuantificación de los patrones de movimiento fundamentales de los jugadores durante las secuencias de juego ofensivas (para revisión, véase Sarmento et al., 2014). Objetivos: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo detectar y analizar patrones regulares de juego en el contraataque de equipos de fútbol, mediante la combinación de la técnica del análisis secuencial y entrevistas a los entrenadores portugueses de la primera liga.Soccer is a game with a random intermittent nature, whereby critical elements of the game are sometimes determined by chance. Research on match analysis in this sport has been mainly focused on the description of physical, physiological and technical game actions as an attempt to quantify the activity of players. Less work has been carried out on the match activities of soccer players, particularly the quantification of fundamental movement patterns of players during offensive sequences of play (for review see Sarmento et al. (2014). Objectives: This study aimed to detect and analyse regular patterns of play in the counterattack of football teams, through the combination of the sequential analysis technique and interviews to first League Portuguese coaches.peerReviewe

Adolescents’ physical activity profile according to parental physical activity participation

This study aimed to characterize adolescents' physical activity according to parental physical activity participation, in families where one or both of the parents were active or inactive. A total of 1037 adolescents aged 12-18 years, 1037 fathers and 1037 mothers participated in the study. Questionnaires were used to assess child and parents physical activity. Cluster analysis was used for data processing. Adolescents from families where both parents were inactive were characterized by physical inactivity. Adolescents of active parents practiced physical activity in several contexts. Adolescents with an active father and an inactive mother were characterized by the practice of unorganized physical activity. Finally, adolescents from active mothers and inactive fathers were characterized by the practice of organized physical activity. Two active parents enhance the potential influence on the child's adoption of physical activity as a spontaneous behaviour in leisure-time. Having one active parent (active role model) is better than two less active or sedentary parents