ynthesis, characterisation and thermal studies of ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes of functionalised tripodal phosphine chalcogen donor ligands, [CH3C(CH2P(X)Ph2)3], where X = Se, S, O

diphenylphosphinomethyl) ethane trichalcogenide ligands, [CH3C(CH2P(X)Ph2)3], where X= Se(a), S(b) and O(c) in 1:1 (metal:ligand) molar ratio to afford hexa-coordinated complexes of the type �2-(X,X)- [Ru(CO)2Cl2P3X3] (1a–c). The complexes 1a–c exhibit two equally intense �(CO) bands in the range 1979–2060cm−1 indicating cis-disposition of the two terminal carbonyl groups. The values of �(CO) frequencies containing different ligands, in general, follow the order: P3O3 >P3S3 >P3Se3 which may be explained in terms of ‘Soft–Hard’ (Ru(II)–O) and ‘Soft–Soft’ (Ru(II)–S/Se) interactions. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, mass, 1H, 31P, 77Se and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the complexes has also been studie

Dicarbonylrhodium(I) complexes of pyridine alcohol ligands and their catalytic carbonylation reaction

Reaction of dimeric complex [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 with two molar equivalent of pyridine alcohol ligands (L) like 2-hydroxymethylpyridine (a), 3-hydroxymethylpyridine (b) and 4-hydroxymethylpyridine (c) afford the rhodium(I) dicarbonyl complexes [Rh(CO)2ClL](1a–c). The ligands are coordinated to the metal center through N-donor site. The complexes 1 undergo oxidative addition (OA) reactions with various alkyl halides (RI) like CH3I, C2H5I to produce Rh(III)complexes of the type [Rh(CO)(COR)IClL], where R = –CH3(2), –C2H5(3). Kinetic data for the reaction of 1 with CH3I indicate a first order reaction. The catalytic activity of the complexes 1 in the carbonylation of methanol was higher than that of the well known species [Rh(CO)2I2]−

On The Nature of Ring Patterns In Ice Crystals of Hailstones: A Signature of Global Warming

In the present work we report for the first time the ring patterns in the ice crystals procured from hailstones at Doom Dooma (27.40N, 95.30E) on March 17, 2016 and April 9, 2017. We have measured the intensity patterns of the rings with the help of a software (ImageJ). Since the ring patterns have been observed in the ice crystals of hailstones only in recent years, it is reasonable to believe that they will give valuable information on the process of ice nucleation and possibly on global warming

On searches for gravitational waves from mini creation event by laser interferometric detectors

As an alternative view to the standard big bang cosmology the quasi-steady state cosmology(QSSC) argues that the universe was not created in a single great explosion; it neither had a beginning nor will it ever come to an end. The creation of new matter in the universe is a regular feature occurring through finite explosive events. Each creation event is called a mini-bang or, a mini creation event(MCE). Gravitational waves are expected to be generated due to any anisotropy present in this process of creation. Mini creation event ejecting matter in two oppositely directed jets is thus a source of gravitational waves which can in principle be detected by laser interferometric detectors. In the present work we consider the gravitational waveforms propagated by linear jets and then estimate the response of laser interferometric detectors like LIGO and LISA

Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase is a distant IPK member with a singular inositide binding site for axial 2-OH recognition

Inositol phosphates (InsPs) are signaling molecules with multiple roles in cells. In particular Graphic (InsP6) is involved in mRNA export and editing or chromatin remodeling among other events. InsP6 accumulates as mixed salts (phytate) in storage tissues of plants and plays a key role in their physiology. Human diets that are exclusively grain-based provide an excess of InsP6 that, through chelation of metal ions, may have a detrimental effect on human health. Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 2-kinase (InsP5 2-kinase or Ipk1) catalyses the synthesis of InsP6 from InsP5 and ATP, and is the only enzyme that transfers a phosphate group to the axial 2-OH of the myo-inositide. We present the first structure for an InsP5 2-kinase in complex with both substrates and products. This enzyme presents a singular structural region for inositide binding that encompasses almost half of the protein. The key residues in substrate binding are identified, with Asp368 being responsible for recognition of the axial 2-OH. This study sheds light on the unique molecular mechanism for the synthesis of the precursor of inositol pyrophosphates

The potential of transgenic chickpeas for pest control and possible effects on non-target arthropods

Chickpea, Cicer arietinum, is the third most important grain legume crop in the world, with India being the largest producer. Insect pests are a major constraint to chickpea production. In India, the legume pod borer Helicoverpa armigera is the major insect pest of chickpeas. However, sap-sucking insects that act as vectors for viral diseases and bruchid beetles in storage are also considered important pests. Here we give an overview over the different management options to control these pests. There is a growing interest in the genetic modification of crops to enhance their resistance against insect pests. Here we present the state-of-the-art of chickpea transformation and give an overview on the available insecticidal genes that could be deployed to increase insect resistance in chickpea. Prior to commercialization, transgenic crops have to be assessed for their effects on the environment including the possible impact on non-target arthropods, many of which are important for biological pest control. Therefore, the arthropod-food web in the Indian chickpea system is described. Possible routes through which entomophagous insects could be exposed to insecticidal proteins expressed by genetically modified chickpeas are discussed, and species that could be selected for pre-release risk assessment are recommended

Effect of Freezing Rate on Quality of Cryopreserved Goat Spermatozoa Using a Programmable Freezer

Abstract: A total of 45 ejaculates from nine Beetal bucks collected by artificial vagina, washed and extended i

Role of Artificial Intelligence in Radiogenomics for Cancers in the Era of Precision Medicine

Radiogenomics, a combination of “Radiomics” and “Genomics,” using Artificial Intelligence (AI) has recently emerged as the state-of-the-art science in precision medicine, especially in oncology care. Radiogenomics syndicates large-scale quantifiable data extracted from radiological medical images enveloped with personalized genomic phenotypes. It fabricates a prediction model through various AI methods to stratify the risk of patients, monitor therapeutic approaches, and assess clinical outcomes. It has recently shown tremendous achievements in prognosis, treatment planning, survival prediction, heterogeneity analysis, reoccurrence, and progression-free survival for human cancer study. Although AI has shown immense performance in oncology care in various clinical aspects, it has several challenges and limitations. The proposed review provides an overview of radiogenomics with the viewpoints on the role of AI in terms of its promises for computa-tional as well as oncological aspects and offers achievements and opportunities in the era of precision medicine. The review also presents various recommendations to diminish these obstacles