Η επαγγελματική εξουθένωση των εκπαιδευτικών Πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης: στάσεις προς την αλλαγή και συναισθηματική δέσμευση

Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν η διερεύνηση της επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης των εκπαιδευτικών της Πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης σε σχέση με τις στάσεις τους προς την αλλαγή και τη συναισθηματική τους δέσμευση. Στην έρευνα έλαβαν μέρος 194 εκπαιδευτικοί που εργάζονταν σε ελληνικά δημοτικά σχολεία της γενικής και ειδικής αγωγής και τους χορηγήθηκε ένα ερωτηματολόγιο τεσσάρων μερών. Το ερωτηματολόγιο περιελάμβανε ένα αυτοσχέδιο ερωτηματολόγιο για τα δημογραφικά χαρακτηριστικά, την κλίμακα επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης (Maslach Burnout Inventory), την κλίμακα της αντίστασης στην αλλαγή (Resistance to change Scale) και την κλίμακα της συναισθηματικής δέσμευσης (Affective Commitment Scale). Τα ευρήματα ανέδειξαν ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί του δείγματος χαρακτηρίζονται από μέτρια επίπεδα επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης και αντίστασης στην αλλαγή, ενώ ταυτόχρονα έχουν αναπτύξει ισχυρούς δεσμούς με το σχολικό πλαίσιο εργασίας τους. Επιπλέον, βρέθηκε συσχέτιση της επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης τόσο με την αντίσταση στην αλλαγή, όσο και με τη συναισθηματική δέσμευση. Ωστόσο, δεν διαπιστώθηκε να σχετίζεται η αντίσταση των εκπαιδευτικών στην αλλαγή με τη συναισθηματική τους δέσμευση. Τέλος, εντοπίστηκαν στατιστικώς σημαντικές σχέσεις ανάμεσα στους δημογραφικούς παράγοντες (π.χ. φύλο, ηλικία, οικογενειακή κατάσταση, επίπεδο σπουδών, διδακτική εμπειρία, σχέση και τομέας εργασίας) και στην επαγγελματική εξουθένωση των εκπαιδευτικών, τις στάσεις τους προς την αλλαγή και τη συναισθηματική τους δέσμευση.The aim of this study was to explore the burnout of primary school teachers in relation to their attitudes towards change and their affective commitment. In this research, participated 194 teachers who were working in Greek primary general or special education schools and they were given a four-part questionnaire. The questionnaire included an improvised questionnaire on demographic characteristics, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Resistance to change Scale and the Affective Commitment Scale. The results indicated that the teachers of the sample were characterized by moderate levels of burnout and resistance to change, while at the same time they had developed strong affective relations with their school work context. In addition, burnout was found to be associated with both resistance to change and affective commitment. However, teachers' resistance to change was not found to be related to their affective commitment. Finally, statistically significant relationships were identified between demographic factors (e.g. gender, age, marital status, level of education, teaching experience, relationship and field of work) and teachers' burnout, attitudes towards change and their affective commitment

Σεισμική Τομογραφία στην Ευρύτερη Περιοχή της Αταλάντης

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία με θέμα «Σεισμική τομογραφία στην ευρύτερη περιοχή της Αταλάντης» πραγματεύεται στον προσδιορισμό της χωρικής κατανομής της ταχύτητας διάδοσης των σεισμικών κυμάτων και του μεταξύ τους λόγους (Vp/Vs) στην Κεντρική Στερεά Ελλάδα. Αρχικά η ανάλυση της γεωλογίας και της τεκτονικής που παρουσιάζεται στην περιοχή μελέτης καθώς και οι ρηξιγενείς ζώνες βοηθούν στην κατανόηση των εξαγόμενων αποτελεσμάτων της Σεισμικής Τομογραφίας. Η τεχνική της Σεισμικής Τομογραφίας απεικονίζει δισδιάστατες ή τρισδιάστατες δομές μέσα από ένα σύνολο παρατηρήσεων στην περιφέρεια ενός στοχοποιημένου γήινου όγκου. Σκοπός της, είναι ο καθορισμός ζωνών υψηλών και χαμηλών ταχυτήτων οι οποίες προσδιορίζονται από τον συνδυασμό πληροφοριών πολλών διασταυρούμενων σεισμικών ακτινών. Η χρήση της Παθητικής Τομογραφίας βοηθά στην βέλτιστη τρισδιάστατη απεικόνιση του ανωτέρου, κυρίως του γήινου φλοιού και την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων της Γεωλογικής δομής της περιοχής. Το βασικό αναλυτικό εργαλείο για την μετατροπή των επιφανειακών δεδομένων σε αξιόπιστα γεωλογικά μοντέλα και τον υπολογισμό των διαφόρων παραμέτρων τους είναι η θεωρία της αντιστροφής. Ένα χαρακτηριστικό παράδειγμα γραμμικής αντιστροφής είναι αυτό της σεισμικής τομογραφίας ταχυτήτων που αναλύεται στην παρούσα εργασία. Τα δεδομένα για την εκτέλεση της διπλωματικής προέρχονται από το Εργαστήριο Σεισμολογίας του Εθνικού Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών για την χρονική περίοδο 2012- 2017 ( http://dggsl.geol.uoa.gr/ ). Επιλέχθηκαν οι σεισμοί του παραπάνω χρονικού διαστήματος από κοντινούς σταθμούς του Εθνικού Δικτύου, οι οποίοι πληρούσαν τις προϋποθέσεις για την επεξεργασία τους με τον αλγόριθμο σεισμικής τομογραφίας για την παραγωγή τρισδιάστατων προτύπων δομής ταχυτήτων. Στην παρούσα εργασία πραγματοποιήθηκε Σεισμική Τομογραφία με την χρήση του αλγόριθμου LOTOS (Koulakov, 2009a). Τα αποτελέσματα εξήχθησαν σε Τοπική Κλίμακα και η αξιοπιστία των τελικών προτύπων πραγματοποιήθηκε με τις συνθετικές δοκιμές σκακιέρας (Humphreys and Clayton, 1988). Σημαντική αναφορά γίνεται και στους μηχανισμούς γένεσης της ευρύτερης περιοχής και κυρίως στην περιοχή της Αταλάντης η οποία χαρακτηρίζεται από σημαντική καταγεγραμμένη σεισμικότητα που είναι άμεσα συνδεδεμένη με τα ρήγματα της περιοχής. Τέλος, κατά την παρούσα διπλωματική, επετεύχθη η ανάδειξη ενός τρισδιάστατου μοντέλου της περιοχής μελέτης, όπου έγινε διακριτή η παρουσία τεκτονικών δομών. Ένα τέτοιο πρότυπο δομής αποτυπώνει με βέλτιστο δυνατό τρόπο τις τεκτονικές και ηφαιστειακές διεργασίες που συντελέστηκαν. Πιο αναλυτικά: Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται αναφορά στην γεωλογία, στην τεκτονική και στις ρηξιγενείς ζώνες της περιοχής μελέτης και πιο συγκεκριμένα στην περιοχή της Αταλάντης . Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο αναπτύσσεται η θεωρία της σεισμικής τομογραφίας και περιγράφεται το θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο της σεισμικής αντιστροφής, από την μία σε τρεις διαστάσεις. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται ανάλυση του προγράμματος LOTOS (Local Tomographic Scheme) που χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την εξαγωγή των αποτελεσμάτων. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα της 3D (τρισδιάστατης) σεισμικής αντιστροφής με την χρήση του αλγόριθμου LOTOS και αναλύονται με βάση τις γεωλογικές και τεκτονικές δομές της περιοχής. Ακόμα αναφέρονται οι μηχανισμοί γένεσης και η σεισμικότητα της περιοχής μελέτης από το παρελθόν μέχρι και σήμερα. Στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο συνοψίζονται τα εξαγόμενα συμπεράσματα της διπλωματικής.The present bachelor’s thesis with the topic of the “Seismic Tomography of the wider area of Atalanti” deals with the determination of spatial distribution which refers to the velocity spread of seismic waves and Vp/Vs in central Greece. First, the geotectonic study which is presented as well as the fault zones help the interpretation of the Seismic tomography’s exported results. This technique of Seismic Tomography depicts two or three – dimensional structures through a set of seismic observations in the study region. The aim of this work is the determination of high and low velocity zones, which are determined by the combination of information of several intersections seismic rays. The use of Passive Seismic Tomography helps to optimize the dimensional visualization of the upper, mainly of the Earth’s crust and export the results of the geological structure of the area. The basic analytical instrument for the conversion of surface parameters into reliable geological models and the calculation of various parameters is the theory of inversion. A typical example of linear inversion is that of seismic tomography of velocities which is analyzed in the present work. The data for the composition of this bachelor’s thesis comes from the Seismological laboratory of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens for the period 2012-2017 ( http://dggsl.geol.uoa.gr/ ). The earthquakes of the above period were selected from nearby stations of Ethnic Network, which fulfilled the requirements for their processing with the seismic tomography algorithm to produce three dimensional modules velocity’s structure. In the present work, there was held Seismic Tomography with the use of the LOTOS algorithm (Koulakov, 2009a). The results were exported based on the local scale and the reliability of the final standards was achieved through the checkerboard method (Humphreys and Clayton, 1988). An important reference is also made to the focal mechanisms of the regional area and mainly to the area of Atalanti which is characterized by important recorded seismicity that is connected with the area’s faults. Finally, at the present bachelor’s thesis, there was achieved the emergence of a three-dimensional model of the study area, which made the appearance of tectonic the structure distinct. Such a standard structure imprints the tectonic and volcanic processes that were done in the best possible way. More detailed, The first chapter refers to the geotectonic regime of the study area and specifically to the area of Atalanti. The second chapter, the theory of Seismic Tomography is developed and the theoretical background of the seismic inversion is described, from one to three dimensions. The third chapter refers analytically to the program LOTOS (Local Tomographic Scheme) which was used for the export of results. The fourth chapter presents the results of three-dimensional seismic inversion with the use of LOTOS algorithm and these are analyzed according to the geological and tectonic structures of the area. Moreover, the focal mechanisms and the seismicity of the study area are mentioned starting from the past until today. Τhe fifth chapter presents the results and conclusions of the bachelor’s thesis

Efficacy of postexposure prophylaxis with doxycycline (Doxy-PEP) in reducing sexually transmitted infections:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify the efficacy, adherence, safety and impact on antimicrobial resistance of postexposure prophylaxis with doxycycline (Doxy-PEP) in different populations. Methods: We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from inception to 29 May 2024. Two reviewers independently screened the studies and extracted data. We included randomised clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of Doxy-PEP within 72 hours after condomless sex. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to compare the risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) between Doxy-PEP and no prophylaxis. The risk of bias was assessed with the risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) and the certainty of evidence (CoE) with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: Four studies were included in the systematic review, totalling 1727 participants. Studies were conducted between 2015 and 2022. Most participants (73%) were men who have sex with men, and the median age of participants varied from 24 to 43 years. Doxy-PEP reduced the risk of having any bacterial STI in different populations by 46% (hazard ratio (HR) 0.54; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.75; CoE moderate), the risk of chlamydia by 65% (relative risk (RR) 0.35; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.82; CoE low) and syphilis by 77% (RR 0.23; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.41; CoE high), without significant effect for risk of gonorrhoea infection (RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.64 to 1.26; CoE very low). The self-reported adherence rate of Doxy-PEP was approximately 80% and one drug-related serious adverse event was reported. Conclusion: Doxy-PEP reduced the incidence of chlamydia and syphilis infections. No significant reduction in gonorrhoea infection was observed. This strategy seems promising for some high-risk groups; however, there is still a lack of information on the induction of bacterial resistance and long-term adverse events. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023454123

RELAÇÃO ENTRE NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E QUALIDADE DE VIDA NO ENVELHECIMENTO

Apesar da atividade física (AF) influenciar na melhora da qualidade de vida (QV) relacionada à saúde de idosos, não existe consenso de como ocorre esta influência e se ela também existe quando a QV não é relacionada à saúde. Entender a influência dos diferentes tipos de AF na QV de idosos, ou como a AF influi nos diferentes domínios da QV, é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de propostas assistenciais, com vista a promover um envelhecimento sadio e com melhor QV. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar o nível de AF (NAF) e seus diferentes subtipos (AF ocupacional, exercícios físicos de lazer e AF de lazer e locomoção) com a QV e seus domínios (relação social, meio ambiente, físico e psicológico) em idosos praticantes de atividade física. Para avaliação do NAF foi utilizado o questionário de Baecke e para avaliar a QV o questionário WHOQOL-brief. A amostra foi composta por 77 idosas, com idade média de 59,8±7,5 anos, participantes de aulas de ginástica oferecidas pelo município de Campinas. Os resultados não mostraram correlação significante entre NAF e QV. Adicionalmente, encontramos diminuição do NAF com o envelhecimento. Na análise por faixa etária, os exercícios físicos de lazer e AF de lazer e locomoção se relacionaram positivamente com a QV e seus domínios, enquanto as AF ocupacionais se correlacionaram negativamente. Concluímos a partir dos resultados deste estudo que o NAF não foi associado a QV em idosos. Esses achados são importantes ferramentas para os profissionais da área da saúde que trabalham com idosos

Acute low- compared to high-load resistance training to failure results in greater energy expenditure during exercise in healthy young men

The objective of the present study was to verify the energy expenditure (EE), energy system contributions and autonomic control during and after an acute low-load or high-load resistance training (RT) protocol to momentary failure (MF) in young adults. Eleven young men (22 ± 3 yrs, 71.8 ± 7.7 kg; 1.75 ± 0.06 m) underwent a randomized crossover design of three knee extension acute protocols: a low-load RT [30% of their maximal strength (1RM); RT30] or a high-load RT (80% of 1RM; RT80) protocol, with all sets being performed to MF; or a control session (Control) without exercise. Participants were measured for EE, energy system contributions, and cardiac autonomic control before, during, and after each exercise session. Exercise EE was significantly higher for RT30 as compared to RT80. Furthermore, post measurements of blood lactate levels and the anaerobic lactic system contribution were significantly greater for RT30 as compared to RT80. In addition, parasympathetic restoration was lower for RT30 as compared to RT80. In conclusion, a low-load (30% 1RM) RT session produced higher EE during exercise than a high-load (80% 1RM) RT session to MF, and may be a good option for fitness professionals, exercise physiologists, and practitioners when choosing the optimal RT protocol that provides more EE, especially for those who want or need to lose weight1411CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ123216/2015-

Severe thermal and major traumatic injury results in elevated plasma concentrations of total heme that are associated with poor clinical outcomes and systemic immune suppression

Background: Traumatic and thermal injuries result in a state of systemic immune suppression, yet the mechanisms that underlie its development are poorly understood. Released from injured muscle and lysed red blood cells, heme is a damage associated molecular pattern with potent immune modulatory properties. Here, we measured plasma concentrations of total heme in over 200 traumatic and thermally-injured patients in order to examine its relationship with clinical outcomes and post-injury immune suppression.Methods: Blood samples were collected from 98 burns (≥15% total body surface area) and 147 traumatically-injured (injury severity score ≥8) patients across the ultra-early (≤1 hour) and acute (4–72 hours) post-injury settings. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenged whole blood leukocytes was studied, and plasma concentrations of total heme, and its scavengers haptoglobin, hemopexin and albumin measured, alongside the expression of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). LPS-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production by THP-1 cells and monocytes following in vitro heme treatment was also examined.Results: Burns and traumatic injury resulted in significantly elevated plasma concentrations of heme, which coincided with reduced levels of hemopexin and albumin, and correlated positively with circulating levels of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. PBMCs isolated from trauma patients 4–12 and 48–72 hours post-injury exhibited increased HO-1 gene expression. Non-survivors of burn injury and patients who developed sepsis, presented on day 1 with significantly elevated heme levels, with a difference of 6.5 µM in heme concentrations corresponding to a relative 52% increase in the odds of post-burn mortality. On day 1 post-burn, heme levels were negatively associated with ex vivo LPS-induced TNF-α and interleukin-6 production by whole blood leukocytes. THP-1 cells and monocytes pre-treated with heme exhibited significantly reduced TNF-α production following LPS stimulation. This impairment was associated with decreased gene transcription, reduced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and an impaired glycolytic response.Conclusions: Major injury results in elevated plasma concentrations of total heme that may contribute to the development of endotoxin tolerance and increase the risk of poor clinical outcomes. Restoration of the heme scavenging system could be a therapeutic approach by which to improve immune function post-injury

Processo de enfermagem aplicado a paciente com infecção operatória pós colectomia e nefroureterectomia

In this experience report, the aim was to demonstrate the importance of systematizing nursing care, either in the practical aspect, through interventions, in the theoretical-scientific aspect that underlies our entire scientific structure of the profession, as well as in the search and organization of information about the patient, who presented a picture of dehiscence and infection in the surgical wound after undergoing colectomy and right nephroureterectomy, resulting from Intestinal Ulcerative Colitis and ureter transitional cell carcinoma, respectively, thus being able to observe and monitor its evolution. It was carried out during the practical activity of the Clinical and Surgical Adult and Elderly Health discipline of the Undergraduate Nursing Course. A data collection instrument developed by the discipline was used, in addition to interviews with the patient, research in the patient's electronic medical record and the steps of the nursing process, consisting of history and physical examination, diagnosis, prescription and nursing evolution adapted to the diagnoses of nursing according to the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association taxonomy. Conducting the study provided an opportunity to apply and expand all the knowledge acquired throughout the course through the Nursing Process.Neste relato de experiência, objetivou-se demonstrar a importância da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem, seja no aspecto prático, por meio das intervenções, no aspecto teórico-científico que fundamenta toda a nossa estrutura científica da profissão, quanto na busca e organização de informações sobre o paciente, que apresentava um quadro de deiscência e infecção em ferida operatória após ser submetido a uma colectomia e nefroureterectomia direita, decorrente de Retocolite Ulcerativa Intestinal e carcinoma de células transicionais de ureter, respectivamente, podendo assim, observar e acompanhar a evolução deste. Foi realizado durante a atividade prática da disciplina de Saúde do Adulto e Idoso Clínico e Cirúrgico do curso de Graduação em Enfermagem. Utilizou-se instrumento de coleta de dados elaborado pela disciplina, além de entrevistas com o paciente, pesquisa no prontuário eletrônico do paciente e as etapas do processo de enfermagem composto por histórico e exame físico, diagnóstico, prescrição e evolução de enfermagem adaptado aos diagnósticos de enfermagem conforme a taxonomia North American Nursing Diagnosis Association. A realização do estudo proporcionou uma oportunidade de aplicar e ampliar todos os conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo do curso por meio do Processo de Enfermagem

Processo de enfermagem aplicado a paciente com infecção operatória pós colectomia e nefroureterectomia

In this experience report, the aim was to demonstrate the importance of systematizing nursing care, either in the practical aspect, through interventions, in the theoretical-scientific aspect that underlies our entire scientific structure of the profession, as well as in the search and organization of information about the patient, who presented a picture of dehiscence and infection in the surgical wound after undergoing colectomy and right nephroureterectomy, resulting from Intestinal Ulcerative Colitis and ureter transitional cell carcinoma, respectively, thus being able to observe and monitor its evolution. It was carried out during the practical activity of the Clinical and Surgical Adult and Elderly Health discipline of the Undergraduate Nursing Course. A data collection instrument developed by the discipline was used, in addition to interviews with the patient, research in the patient's electronic medical record and the steps of the nursing process, consisting of history and physical examination, diagnosis, prescription and nursing evolution adapted to the diagnoses of nursing according to the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association taxonomy. Conducting the study provided an opportunity to apply and expand all the knowledge acquired throughout the course through the Nursing Process.Neste relato de experiência, objetivou-se demonstrar a importância da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem, seja no aspecto prático, por meio das intervenções, no aspecto teórico-científico que fundamenta toda a nossa estrutura científica da profissão, quanto na busca e organização de informações sobre o paciente, que apresentava um quadro de deiscência e infecção em ferida operatória após ser submetido a uma colectomia e nefroureterectomia direita, decorrente de Retocolite Ulcerativa Intestinal e carcinoma de células transicionais de ureter, respectivamente, podendo assim, observar e acompanhar a evolução deste. Foi realizado durante a atividade prática da disciplina de Saúde do Adulto e Idoso Clínico e Cirúrgico do curso de Graduação em Enfermagem. Utilizou-se instrumento de coleta de dados elaborado pela disciplina, além de entrevistas com o paciente, pesquisa no prontuário eletrônico do paciente e as etapas do processo de enfermagem composto por histórico e exame físico, diagnóstico, prescrição e evolução de enfermagem adaptado aos diagnósticos de enfermagem conforme a taxonomia North American Nursing Diagnosis Association. A realização do estudo proporcionou uma oportunidade de aplicar e ampliar todos os conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo do curso por meio do Processo de Enfermagem

Caloric restriction benefits on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength with and without exercise training in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Benefícios da restrição calórica na aptidão cardiorrespiratória e força muscular com e sem treino de exercício em humanos: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Objetivo: Identificar os verdadeiros efeitos da restrição calórica (RC) sobre o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx) relativo e absoluto e força muscular. Métodos: Uma revisão sistemática foi conduzida em 5 bancos de dados, até novembro de 2019. Vinte e oito ensaios controlados foram incluídos nas meta-análises comparando RC sozinho vs. Dieta padrão (RC vs. controle) ou comparando RC mais treinamento físico vs. treinamento de exercício sozinho (RC + EX vs. EX) sobre o VO2máx e a força muscular. Resultados: RC + EX teve um efeito positivo para o VO2máx relativo (1,13 [0,49; 1,78]ml/kg/min, p <0,001), mas não teve nenhum efeito sobre a força muscular relativa (0,41 [-0,28; 1,09], p = 0,25) quando comparados ao EX. RC aumentou significativamente o VO2máx relativo (2,08 [0,90; 3,27]ml/kg/min, p <0,001) e a força relativa (0,47 [0,35; 0,59)], p <0,001), em comparação com dieta padrão. A análise complementar confirmou reduções significativas na massa corporal total, massa gorda e massa muscular entre todos os subgrupos, como esperado. O VO2máx absoluto e a força não foram melhorados por RC + EX ou RC quando comparados a EX e controle, respectivamente. Conclusão: A RC sozinha melhora significativamente o VO2máx relativo e a força muscular em indivíduos fisicamente não ativos.