Hacia una teoría de lo grotesco en la narrativa indigenista hispanoamericana

This scientific research article seeks to verify if the resources of grotesque aesthetics enrich the analysis of the indigenist narrative with the purpose that these novels are no longer only valued as vehicles of denunciation, as they are usually catalogued, but also as artistic products. Based on an analysis of different theorists of the grotesque, this research proposed categories of analysis, such as narrative intrusions, animalization, the mixture of the heterogeneous, the disruption of reality, caricatures, allegories, and the utopian function. The used methods were the narratology, rhetoric and hermeneutics, procedures through which it was sought to demonstrate the hypothesis, taking as a sample, fragments of the novels Huasipungo by Jorge Icaza and El tungsteno by César Vallejo. The main result obtained shows that, in its essence, the grotesque aesthetic is very related to Latin American culture. Therefore, it was concluded that an analysis of the grotesque aesthetic turns out to be not only pertinent, but also beneficial for the indigenist narrative, since it not only starts lines of research that were not well developed, but also allows the precise determination of the purpose of the authors.El presente artículo de investigación científica busca comprobar si los recursos de la estética grotesca enriquecen el análisis de la narrativa indigenista con el objetivo de que estas obras ya no solo sean valoradas como vehículos de denuncia, como usualmente son catalogadas, sino también como productos artísticos. A partir de un análisis de diferentes teóricos de lo grotesco, esta investigación propuso categorías de análisis, tales como las intrusiones narrativas, la animalización, la mezcla de lo heterogéneo, el trastocamiento de la realidad, las caricaturas, las alegorías y la función utópica. El método empleado fue el uso de la narratología, la retórica y la hermenéutica, procedimientos por medio de los cuales se buscó demostrar la hipótesis, tomando como muestra, fragmentos de las novelas Huasipungo de Jorge Icaza y El tungsteno de César Vallejo. El principal resultado que se obtuvo demuestra que, en su esencia, la estética grotesca se relaciona estrechamente con la cultura latinoamericana. Por ende, se llegó a la conclusión de que un análisis de la estética grotesca resulta siendo no solo pertinente, sino provechoso para la narrativa indigenista, ya que no solo abre líneas de investigación poco desarrolladas, sino que permite determinar de modo preciso el propósito de los autores

Impacto de la ganadería en las cuencas hidrográficas del Noroeste Argentino

En la presente comunicación se analizan diferentes aspectos de las de la presencia ganadera en la zona del noroeste argentino y la distribución del aguaTrabajo galardonado con el Premio "Massey Ferguson", versión 1995Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

Impacto de la ganadería en las cuencas hidrográficas del Noroeste Argentino

En la presente comunicación se analizan diferentes aspectos de las de la presencia ganadera en la zona del noroeste argentino y la distribución del aguaTrabajo galardonado con el Premio "Massey Ferguson", versión 1995Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

Impacto de la ganadería en las cuencas hidrográficas del Noroeste Argentino

En la presente comunicación se analizan diferentes aspectos de las de la presencia ganadera en la zona del noroeste argentino y la distribución del aguaTrabajo galardonado con el Premio "Massey Ferguson", versión 1995Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

La estética de lo grotesco en la novela El tungsteno de César Vallejo

This article aims to demonstrate that in the novel El tungsteno by César Vallejo, the topic of violence can not only be analyzed at the content level, but also at the aesthetic level. With this objective, it was proposed to analyze the different fragments of the novel based on the hermeneutical methodology. The analysis based on the following variables: harrowing descriptions of the environment, animalization and the degradation of physiological needs based on the studies carried out by Kayser , Bajtin, Eco and Conelly. It was demonstrated that the author not only addresses the issue of violence in order to transmit a certain ideology (like most novels that belong to the regionalist tendency), but that the resources he uses allow to configure a universe where the aesthetic of the grotesque prevails with the aim of achieving a feeling of uncertainty and rejection in the reader.El presente artículo de investigación tiene la finalidad de demostrar que en la novela El tungsteno de César Vallejo, el tópico de la violencia no solo se puede analizar a nivel de contenido, sino a nivel estético. Con este objetivo, se propuso analizar, por medio de la metodología hermenéutica, diferentes fragmentos de la novela a partir de las siguientes variables: descripciones desgarradoras del ambiente, la animalización y la degradación de las necesidades fisiológicas sobre la base de los estudios realizados por Kayser, Bajtin, Eco y Conelly, Se demostró que el autor no solo aborda el tema de la violencia con una finalidad de transmitir una determinada ideología (como la mayoría de novelas que pertenecen a la tendencia regionalista), sino que los recursos que utiliza permiten configurar un universo en donde la estética de lo grotesco prevalece con el objetivo de lograr una sensación de incertidumbre y rechazo en el lector

Treatment of Hydrothermal-Liquefaction Wastewater with Crossflow UF for Oil and Particle Removal

This study aims to evaluate the application of ceramic ultrafiltration membranes in the crossflow mode for the separation of particles and oil in water emulsions (free oil droplets and micelles) from hydrothermal-liquefaction wastewater (HTL-WW) from the hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal sewage sludge. The experiments were carried out using one-channel TiO$_{2}$ membranes with pore sizes of 30, 10 and 5 nm. The results showed that the highest stable permeability could be achieved with a membrane-pore size of 10 nm, which experienced less fouling, especially through pore blockage, in comparison to the two other pore sizes. Instead of observing an increase in the permeability, the application of a higher feed temperature as well as backwash cycles led to a clear increase in irreversible fouling due to the presence of surfactants in the HTL-WW. Among several physical and chemical cleaning methods, alkaline cleaning at pH 12 proved to be the most efficient in removing fouling and maintaining stable performance on a long-term basis. Ceramic-membrane ultrafiltration can be considered as an adequate first-stage treatment of real HTL wastewater

Evaluating the performance of spectral indexes for identify high Andean wetlands

[EN] High Andean wetlands are habitats critical to life forms that have adapted to these extreme high mountain ecosystems, and for living beings that inhabit the lower parts of the basin; they are spaces that contain high diversity of flora and fauna characteristic of these places and are strongly associated with the water component. There lies the importance of identifying and monitoring ecosystems, using easy applicable methods and allowing results every two weeks approximately, they are inexpensive and highly reliable. Methods of monitoring in short periods, they are economically profitable and provide reliable information, they correspond to the evaluations by satellite images, specifically applying the methods of spectral indices. Thereby, the objective of the research was to evaluate the performance of six indices, considered to be the most used to identify high Andean wetlands (humidity index at surface level, normalized difference water index, normalized difference vegetation index, enhanced vegetation index, index of vegetation to the surface and tasseled CAP vegetation), in periods of low precipitation, using imagery Landsat 8 OLI. Comparing the performance of those indexes in the identification of wetlands through cross-validation and bootstrap statistical learning, the index that showed better performance was tasseled CAP vegetation, revealing the lowest value of the average of the mean square error of iterations between the test failure rate and training. The index tasseled CAP vegetation, shows greater reliability to identify and evaluate high Andean wetlands.[ES] Los humedales altoandinos son hábitats fundamentales para las formas de vida que se han adaptado a estos ecosistemas extremos de alta montaña, y para los seres vivos que habitan en las partes bajas de la cuenca; son espacios que albergan alta diversidad de flora y fauna propias de estos lugares y están fuertemente asociados con el componente hídrico. De allí radica la importancia de identificar y monitorear, utilizando métodos fácilmente aplicables y que permitan obtener resultados cada dos semanas aproximadamente, que sean poco costosos y altamente confiables. Los métodos de monitoreo en periodos cortos, económicamente rentables y proveen información confiable, corresponden a las evaluaciones mediante imágenes satelitales, específicamente aplicando los métodos de índices espectrales. De tal modo, el objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el desempeño de seis índices, considerados como los más utilizados para identificar humedales altoandinos (índice de humedad a nivel de superficie, índice de diferencia normalizada de agua, índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada, índice de vegetación mejorada, índice de vegetación ajustada a la superficie y tasseled CAP vegetación), en periodos de escasa precipitación, utilizando imágenes Landsat 8 OLI. Comparando el desempeño de los referidos índices en la identificación de humedales mediante el aprendizaje estadístico de validación cruzada y bootstrap, el índice que mostró mejor desempeño fue tasseled CAP vegetación, revelando el valor más bajo del promedio de error medio cuadrático de las iteraciones entre la tasa de error de prueba y el entrenamiento. El índice tasseled CAP vegetación, muestra mayor confiabilidad para identificar y evaluar humedales altoandinos.Aponte-Saravia, J.; Ospina-Noreña, JE. (2019). Evaluando el desempeño de índices espectrales para identificar humedales alto andinos. Revista de Teledetección. (53):59-72. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2019.10580SWORD59725

Discontinuous roughage delivery on digestion, rumen metabolism, feed efficiency and liveweight gain of beef steers fed a concentrate diet

Two experiments were carried out to study the effect of feeding a total mixed ration (TMR) compared to feeding the roughage portion of the diet once every two days and separated of the daily delivered concentrate mixture on dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal metabolism, feed efficiency and liveweight gain. In Trial 1, thirty beef steers (Braford and Braford × Criollo; initial BW = 259 ± 27 kg) were used in a 69-d feeding trial. Treatments were: total mixed ration (TMR), and the same proportion of ingredients for the ration but roughage offered once every 2-d and separated from the daily delivered concentrate portion of the diet (REOD). Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design (three pens/ treatment). In both treatments, daily offered ration had on dry matter basis 90% concentrate and 10% grass hay (Setaria italica). Average daily gain (ADG) did not differ among treatment (1013 vs. 1080 g/d for TMR vs. REOD respectively; SEM = 95 g/d). Dry matter intake was greater in TMR compared to REOD (P < 0.01). Gain to feed ratio tended to be better for REOD than TMR (P = 0.07). In Trial 2, four rumen cannulated steers (Braford) were used in an experiment with a crossover design. Treatments were arranged as a 2*2 factorial design, where the first factor consisted of roughage level (RL): (R14) 14% roughage: 86% concentrate and (R7) 7% roughage: 93% concentrate. The second factor was roughage delivery system (RDS; as it was described for Trial 1): TMR and REOD. There were no RL*RDS interactions for intake and digestion (OM, CP, NDF and starch). Both RL were similar for intake and digestion. Roughage delivery system did not significantly affect intake and digestion of OM, CP, NDF, and starch measured by total fecal collection. Total organic acids (TOA), acetate to propionate ratio (A:P), pH, and rumen ammonia concentrations were not affected by RL and RDS. In conclusion, under the conditions of these trials, steers fed a separated roughage source once every 2-d had similar ADG, and tended to be more efficient compared with TMR. Total tract digestibility and rumen environment traits (pH, VFA, and ammonia) were not affected in response to discontinuous roughage delivery.Fil: Arroquy, Jose Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Nazareno, Mónica Azucena. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Avila, M.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, M.. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Cervetto, J.. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias; ArgentinaFil: Distel, Roberto Alejandro. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Saravia, J. J.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucumán-Santiago del Estero; Argentin

Impaired gamma delta T cell-derived IL-17A and inflammasome activation during early respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants

© 2015 Australasian Society for Immunology Inc. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection remains a significant global health burden disproportionately affecting infants and leading to long-term lung disease. Interleukin (IL)-17A has been shown to be involved in regulating viral and allergic lung inflammatory responses, which has led to a more recent interest in its role in RSV infection. Using a neonatal mouse model of RSV, we demonstrate that neonates fail to develop IL-17A responses compared with adult mice; the main immediate IL-17A contributor in adults were γδ T cells. Antibody neutralization of IL-17A in adult mice caused increased lung inflammation and airway mucus from RSV, whereas exogenous IL-17A administration to RSV-infected neonates caused decreased inflammation but no change in airway mucus. We also observed a lack of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-6) from infected neonates. Using human cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we compared inflammasome activation by direct retinoic acid-inducible gene I agonism; CBMCs failed to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines or IL-17A+γδ T cells compared with PBMCs. Our results indicate that RSV disease severity is in part mediated by a lack of inflammasome activation and IL-17A production in neonates

Enhanced production of propionic acid through acidic hydrolysis by choice of inoculum

BACKGROUND In this study, the enhancement of propionic acid production from a model feedstock mimicking kitchen waste was investigated. For that purpose, two operational runs of a semicontinuous anaerobic hydrolysis reactor were carried out at pH 6.0 ± 0.1 and mesophilic (30 °C) temperature. Two different types of inocula, a mixed microbial culture selected over 24 months for growth on cellulose and a culture contained in goat cheese were compared. RESULTS The results show that the goat cheese inoculum was significantly more efficient for propionic acid (PA) production. The highest propionic acid concentration achieved amounted to 139 mmol L−1 at a yield of 23.3 mg g−1 volatile solids (VS), which was 55% greater than what was achieved with the mixed culture. Furthermore, it was observed that propionic acid production was enhanced by a combination of high hydraulic retention time (HRT) with low organic loading rate (OLR), ensuring sufficient time for complete processing of the complex organic substrates. The fermentation could be kept in a stable process of propionic acid production at HRT of 20 days and a rather low OLR of 11.1 g L−1 day−1 VS. CONCLUSION Our results give a better understanding of PA production in semicontinuous mode, applying optimized process parameters and selecting the adequate microbial community for inoculation. This study provides important information for the improvement of PA production from complex substrates for future industrial application. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)