Evaluation of Anti-Nociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Heterofucan from Dictyota menstrualis

Fucan is a term that defines a family of homo-and hetero-polysaccharides containing sulfated L-fucose in its structure. in this work, a heterofucan (F2.0v) from the seaweed, Dictyota menstrualis, was evaluated as an antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory agent. F2.0v (20.0 mg/kg) inhibits 100% of leukocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity after chemical stimulation. However, F2.0v does not alter the expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). F2.0v (20.0 mg/kg) has peripheral antinociceptive activity with potency similar to dipyrone. On the other hand, it had no effect on pain response on the hot plate test. Confocal microscopy analysis and flow cytometry showed that F2.0v binds to the surface of leucocytes, which leads us to suggest that the mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive F2.0v is related to its ability to inhibit the migration of leukocytes to the site of tissue injury. in summary, the data show that F2.0v compound has great potential as an antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory, and future studies will be performed to further characterize the mechanism of action of F2.0v.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte-FAPERNCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao-MCTIFed Univ Rio Grande Norte UFRN, Dept Biochem, Lab Biotechnol Nat Polymers BIOPOL, BR-59078970 Natal, RN, BrazilFed Univ Rio Grande Norte UFRN, Grad Program Hlth Sci, BR-59078970 Natal, RN, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Biochem, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Biochem, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Pediatric Oral Health Self-reported by Caregivers of Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Children

Objective: To verify and compare the sociodemographic data and caregivers’ self-perception of children’s oral health condition, hygiene habits and seek for dental services among family units of deaf and normal-hearing children. Material and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with 64 parents/caregivers of 16 deaf and 48 normal-hearing children of 3-14 years old, belonging to reference centers in Belo Horizonte, southeastern Brazil. Deaf and hearing children were matched according to their sex and age. Sociodemographic characteristics of the family units and self-report of oral health conditions and care were assessed using a structured questionnaire, including information regarding seeking pediatric dental services. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were performed (p<0.05). Results: Most individuals in the sample were mothers (84.4%). Low family income (p=0.024) and higher education level of guardians (p=0.018) were associated with families of hearing children. The report of clinical treatment or toothache as the main reason for the children’s last dental appointment was associated with families of deaf children (p=0.047). Conclusion: Based on caregivers’ reports, hearing-impaired children demonstrated greater vulnerability to present dental pain or clinical treatment as the main reasons for their last access to dental appointments

MUDANÇAS FAMILIARES DECORRENTES DA HOSPITALIZAÇÃO DO PREMATURO EM CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS: UM ESTUDO COM PUÉRPERAS

Estudo qualitativo que objetivou compreender a percepção materna sobre as mudanças familiares decorrentes da hospitalização do recém-nascido prematuro na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e analisar as estratégias para o enfrentamento destas mudanças. Realizado através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez mães, no período de janeiro a abril de 2010. Os dados foram analisados através da Análise de Conteúdos, baseado na filosofia do Cuidado Centrado na Família. As mães percebem as mudanças no funcionamento familiar; os familiares são considerados pelos trabalhadores da saúde como visitantes; a família utiliza diversas estratégias para apoiar a puérpera no hospital e esta considera a sua espiritualidade/religiosidade como um recurso de apoio. Os dados deste estudo poderão possibilitar aos trabalhadores da saúde subsídios para a utilização de intervenções baseadas nas necessidades de reajustes cognitivos, afetivos e comportamentais das famílias, como recursos para ajuda-las a se fortalecer. Descritores: Enfermagem Neonatal; Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal; Prematuros

Surgery for Valvular Heart Disease: A Population-Based Study in a Brazilian Urban Center

BACKGROUND: In middle income countries, the burden of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains high, but the prevalence of other heart valve diseases may rise as the population life expectancy increases. Here, we compared population-based data on surgical procedures to assess the relative importance of causes of heart valve disease in Salvador, Brazil. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Medical charts of patients who underwent surgery for valvular heart disease from January 2002-December 2005 were reviewed. Incidence of surgery for valvular heart disease was calculated. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with in-hospital death following surgery. The most common etiologies for valvular dysfunction in 491 valvular heart surgery patients were RHD (60.3%), degenerative valve disease (15.3%), and endocarditis (4.5%). Mean annual incidence for surgeries due to any valvular heart diseases, RHD, and degenerative valvular disease were 5.02, 3.03, and 0.77 per 100,000 population, respectively. Incidence of surgery due to RHD was highest in young adults; procedures were predominantly paid by the public health sector. In contrast, the incidence of surgery due to degenerative valvular disease was highest among those older than 60 years of age; procedures were mostly paid by the private sector. The overall in-hospital case-fatality ratio was 11.9%. Independent factors associated with death included increase in age (odds ratio: 1.04 per year of age; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.06), endocarditis (6.35; 1.92-21.04), multiple valve operative procedures (4.35; 2.12-8.95), and prior heart valve surgery (2.49; 1.05-5.87). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: RHD remains the main cause for valvular heart surgery in Salvador, which primarily affects young adults without private health insurance. In contrast, surgery due to degenerative valvular disease primarily impacts the elderly with private health insurance. Strategies to reduce the burden of valvular heart disease will need to address the disparate factors that contribute to RHD as well as degenerative valve disease

O 6º objetivo da agenda dos ODS da ONU: Debates sobre água segura y saneamento básico universalizado.

El proyecto de Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU) No. 540: Procesos pedagógicos y didácticos para la enseñanza de los derechos humanos y la convivencia pacífica, coordinado por la Dra. Marcela Moreno Buján, con la cooperación académica del proyecto de extensión docente Grupo de Pesquisa Derecho y Sustentabilidad (GPDS), coordinado por el Dr. Carlos Peralta Montero, han unido esfuerzos para organizar y publicar la Colección “Comunidad Académica y COVID 19”. Esta colección, conformada por tres volúmenes, forma parte de la sistematización de experiencias relacionadas con las temáticas abordadas por el TCU No. 540 y el GPDS. Este volumen está compuesto por doce capítulos, desarrollados por veintiocho académicos costarricenses, brasileños y colombianos donde se reflexiona de manera interdisciplinaria sobre el sexto objetivo de la agenda de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la ONU en el contexto de pandemia actual.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Acción Social::Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU

What level of oral health literacy is necessary to choose and quantify properly the fluoride toothpaste for children?

Submitted by Rafael Paula ([email protected]) on 2019-10-11T17:50:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Final.pdf: 1078970 bytes, checksum: 517735442cdd1fd33486a9e6d1059559 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Eliane Andrade ([email protected]) on 2019-10-14T15:00:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Final.pdf: 1078970 bytes, checksum: 517735442cdd1fd33486a9e6d1059559 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-10T21:45:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Final.pdf: 1078970 bytes, checksum: 517735442cdd1fd33486a9e6d1059559 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-06-12Dentifrícios fluoretados são os principais veículos para o flúor, e o seu uso adequado pode ajudar no equilíbrio do processo de des-remineralização, mantendo baixo o risco de fluorose. O nível de Alfabetismo em Saúde Bucal (ASB) de pais interfere nos desfechos de saúde de suas crianças. Este estudo objetivou avaliar qual o nível de alfabetismo necessário para selecionar e aplicar a quantidade adequada de dentifrício fluoretado indicado para crianças. Participaram do estudo 171 pais/responsáveis alfabetizados de crianças de 0 a 10 anos de idade atendidas no Ambulatório de Criança de Risco do HC-UFMG que possuíam português como língua materna e não haviam recebido orientação sobre uso de dentifrício. O ASB foi mensurado através do BREALD-30 (adequado 26-30) e da versão brasileira do OHLAQ (adequado 14-17). As tarefas que servem para categorizar cada nível de habilidade são aquelas realizadas corretamente por 75% das pessoas naquela faixa de alfabetismo. Os pais/responsáveis receberam orientações padronizadas sobre quantidade de dentifrício a ser dispensada na escova (0,03g) e concentração ideal de Flúor (1100 ppm). Em seguida, os participantes foram convidados a quantificar um dentifrício em uma escova infantil e a escolher dentre quatro dentifrícios para crianças(com diferentes concentrações de flúor) os que estivessem de acordo com a orientação recebida. A porcentagem de pais/responsáveis com nível de ASB adequado pelo BREALD-30 foi 34%, destes 45,8% acertaram a quantidade e 78% escolheram corretamente o dentifrício. Utilizando o OHL-AQ, 30% dos pais obtiveram nível adequado de ASB, destes 54,9% quantificaram e 70,6% escolheram o dentifrício corretamente. Houve associação do nível de ASB medido pelo OHL-AQ com a quantificação do dentifrício: os pais/responsáveis que acertaram a quantificação apresentaram escores do OHL-AQ mais altos do que os que erraram (p = 0,034, teste de Mann Whitney).Pais/responsáveis com nível adequado de ASB tiveram dificuldade de dispensar a quantidade adequada, porém escolheram corretamente o dentifrício. Os demais pais/responsáveis não demonstraram habilidade para desempenhar nenhuma das duas tarefas. Não houve associação do desempenho dos pais/ responsáveis na quantificação e na escolha do dentifrício com as variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas nem com a capacidade de reconhecimento de palavras da área odontológica.Fluoride toothpaste are the major carriers for fluoride, and their proper use can help balance the de-remineralization process while keeping the risk of fluorosis low. The level of Oral Health Literacy (OHL) of parents interferes in the health outcomes of their children. This study aimed to evaluate the level of literacy required to select and apply the appropriate amount of fluoride toothpaste indicated for children. A total of 171 literate parents/caregivers of children aged 0 to 10 years-old who were attended at the HC-UFMG Children's in risk Outpatient Clinic, had Portuguese as their mother language and had not received guidance on the use of dentifrice participated in the study. OHL was measured using BREALD-30 (adequate 26-30) and the Brazilian version of OHL-AQ (adequate 14-17). The tasks that serve to categorize each skill level are those performed correctly by 75% of the people in that literacy level. Parents/caregivers received standardized guidelines on the amount of toothpaste to be dispensed at the toothbrush (0.03g) and ideal concentration of fluorine (1100 ppm). Then, they were asked to quantify a toothpaste in a children's toothbrush and to choose from four toothpastes for children (with different concentrations of fluoride) which were in accordance with the orientation received. The percentage of parents/caregivers with adequate OHL level measured withBREALD-30 was 34%, of these 45.8% matched the amount and 78% correctly chose the toothpaste. Using OHL-AQ, 30% of the parents/caregivers had an adequate level of OHL, of these 54.9% quantified and 70.6% chose the toothpaste correctly. There was an association between the OHL level measured by the OHL-AQ and the toothpaste quantification: the parents/caregivers who correctly quantified had higher OHL-AQ scores than those who did it wrong (p = 0.034, Mann Whitney test). Parents/caregivers with an adequate OHL level had difficulty dispensing the adequate amount, but correctly chose the toothpaste. The other parents did not demonstrate ability to perform either of the tasks. There was no association between the performance of the parents/ guardians in the quantification and the choice of the toothpaste with the socioeconomic and demographic variables nor with the ability to recognize words in the dental area

Senescence and the Impact on Biodistribution of Different Nanosystems: the Discrepancy on Tissue Deposition of Graphene Quantum Dots, Polycaprolactone Nanoparticle and Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Young and Elder Animals

[EN] Purposes Senescence is an inevitable and irreversible process, which may lead to loss in muscle and bone density, decline in brain volume and loss in renal clearance. Although aging is a well-known process, few studies on the consumption of nanodrugs by elderly people were performed. Methods We evaluated three different nanosystems: i) carbon based nanosystem (Graphene Quantum Dots, GQD), ii) polymeric nanoparticles and mesoporous silica (magnetic core mesoporous silica, MMSN). In previous studies, our group has already characterized GQD and MMSN nanoparticles by dynamic light scattering analysis, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman analysis, fluorescence and absorbance. The polymeric nanoparticle has been characterized by AFM and DLS. All the nanosystems were radiolabeled with 99 m-Tc by. The in vivo biodistribution/tissue deposition analysis evaluation was done using elder (PN270) and young (PN90) mice injected with radioactive nanosystems. Results The nanosystems used in this study were well-formed as the radiolabeling processes were stable. Biodistribution analysis showed that there is a decrease in the uptake of the nanoparticles in elder mice when compared to young mice, showing that is necessary to increase the initial dose in elder people to achieve the same concentration when compared to young animals. Conclusion The discrepancy on tissue distribution of nanosystems between young and elder individuals must be monitored, as the therapeutic effect will be different in the groups. Noteworthy, this data is an alarm that some specific conditions must be evaluated before commercialization of nano-drugs. Changes between younger and elderly individuals are undoubtedly, especially in drug tissue deposition, biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. The same thought should be applied to nanoparticles. A comprehensive analysis on how age discrepancy change the biological behavior of nanoparticles has been performed.Rezende Dos Reis, SR.; Rocha Pinto, S.; Duarte De Menezes, F.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Ricci-Junior, E.; Rebelo Alencar, LM.; Helal-Neto, E.... (2020). Senescence and the Impact on Biodistribution of Different Nanosystems: the Discrepancy on Tissue Deposition of Graphene Quantum Dots, Polycaprolactone Nanoparticle and Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Young and Elder Animals. Pharmaceutical Research. 37(3):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-019-2754-911237

Freshwater Plants Synthesize Sulfated Polysaccharides: Heterogalactans from Water Hyacinth (Eicchornia crassipes)

Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) are found mainly in seaweeds and animals. To date, they have only been found in six plants and all inhabit saline environments. Furthermore, there are no reports of SP in freshwater or terrestrial plants. As such, this study investigated the presence of SP in freshwaters Eichhornia crassipes, Egeria densa, Egeria naja, Cabomba caroliniana, Hydrocotyle bonariensis and Nymphaea ampla. Chemical analysis identified sulfate in N. ampla, H. bonariensis and, more specifically, E. crassipes. In addition, chemical analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, histological analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), as well as agarose gel electrophoresis detected SP in all parts of E. crassipes, primarily in the root (epidermis and vascular bundle). Galactose, glucose and arabinose are the main monosaccharides found in the sulfated polysaccharides from E. crassipes. In activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test, to evaluate the intrinsic coagulation pathway, SP from the root and rhizome prolonged the coagulation time to double the baseline value, with 0.1 mg/mL and 0.15 mg/mL, respectively. However, SP from the leaf and petiole showed no anticoagulant activity. Eichornia SP demonstrated promising anticoagulant potential and have been selected for further studies on bioguided fractionation; isolation and characterization of pure polysaccharides from this species. Additionally in vivo experiments are needed and are already underway