Comparison of Resilience, Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Metacognitive Beliefs of Primiparous and Multiparous Women

Background: The aim of this present study was the comparison of resilience, cognitive emotion regulation, and metacognitive beliefs of primiparous and multiparous women in Rasht.Methods: The current research was a cross-sectional analytic study. The participants of this research were all of the primiparous and multiparous women who referred to Rasht hospitals between June and October in 2016. A total of 120 persons (60 primiparous and 60 multiparous women) selected by the random clustering sampling method. The Connor-Davidson resilience scale assessed the participants, cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire by Granfsky et al and Wells et al. metacognition questionnaire. Data analysis have done by using the multivariate variance analysis by SPSS v. 22 software.Results: The findings showed that there were significant differences in resilience, cognitive emotion regulation, and metacognitive beliefs between primiparous and multiparous women (P < 0.001).Conclusion: The results illustrated that there were significant differences in primiparous and multiparous women in resilience, cognitive emotion regulation, and metacognitive beliefs. It seems that training and practical steps to upgrade them as necessary

Investigating the effect of role conflict and role ambiguity on employees' job stress :Articulating the role of work-family conflict

Psychologists and researchers of management sciences are of great interest in subject of stress and the major reason for this is its impact on psychological well-being and organizational consequences. They also recommend that preventing stress called destructive stress results from factors such as role ambiguity, role uncertainty, and organizational policies, and decreases both the individual and organizational performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of role conflict and role ambiguity on employees' job stress by explaining the role of work-family conflict. The statistical population of this study is comprised of 530 employees of Iran's central insurance. Using stratified random sampling and Cochran's formula, a sample of 118 employees was selected. We used a researcher-made questionnaire for data gathering. The Cronbach's alpha for this questionnaire was .88 and split-half reliability was .80, which represents for a reliable questionnaire. Furthermore, we used content validity and confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the validity of questionnaire. Data analysis was accomplished by structural equation modeling using the LISREL software v 8.7. Research results indicate that the effect of role ambiguity on work-family conflict is statistically significant (p-value = 62.40). Furthermore, the effect of role ambiguity on job stress was confirmed with significance of 1.83. On the other hand, the effect of role conflict on work-family conflict was not confirmed, because its significance value was negative. However, it was found that the job stress is influenced by role conflict (p-value = 2.35). And finally, the effect of work-family conflict on job stress was confirmed with the number of .93 for its significance value

Computing edge version of eccentric connectivity index of nanostar dendrimers

Let G be a molecular graph, the edge version of eccentric connectivity index of G are defined as ( ) ( ) å ∈ ( ) = ⋅ GEf c e ξ (G) deg f ecc f , where deg( f ) denotes the degree of an edge f and ecc( f ) is the largest distance between f and any other edge g of G , namely, eccentricity of f . In this paper exact formulas for the edge version of eccentric connectivity index of two classes of nanostar dendrimers were computed

A sub-threshold differential cmos schmitt trigger with adjustable hysteresis based on body bias technique

This paper presents a sub-threshold differential CMOS Schmitt trigger with tunable hysteresis, which can be used to enhance the noise immunity of low-power electronic systems. By exploiting the body bias technique to the positive feedback transistors, the hysteresis of the proposed Schmitt trigger is generated, and it can be adjusted by the applied bias voltage to the bulk terminal of the utilized PMOS transistors. The principle of operation and the main formulas of the proposed circuit are discussed. The circuit is designed in a 0.18-μm standard CMOS process with a 0.6 V power supply. Post-layout simulation results show that the hysteresis width of the Schmitt trigger can be adjusted from 45.5 mV to 162 mV where the ratio of the hysteresis width variation to supply voltage is 19.4%. This circuit consumes 10.52 × 7.91 μm2 of silicon area, and its power consumption is only 1.38 μW, which makes it a suitable candidate for low-power applications such as portable electronic, biomedical, and bio-implantable systems

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

The study of correlation between forward head posture and neck pain in Iranian office workers

Introduction Factors such as prolonged sitting at work or improper posture of head during work may have a great role in neck pain occurrence among office employees, particularly among those who work with computers. Although some studies claim a significant difference in head posture between patients and pain-free participants, in literature the forward head posture (FHP) has not always been associated with neck pain. Since head, cervical and thoracic postures and their relation with neck pain has not been studied in Iranian office employees, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between some work-related and individual factors, such as poor posture, with neck pain in the office employees. Material and methods It was a cross-sectional correlation study carried out to explore the relationship between neck pain and sagittal postures of cervical and thoracic spine among office employees in forward looking position and also in a working position. Forty-six subjects without neck pain and 55 with neck pain were examined using a photographic method. Thoracic and cervical postures were measured using the high thoracic (HT) and craniovertebral (CV) angles, respectively. Results High thoracic and CV angles were positively correlated with the presence of neck pain only in working position (p 0.05). Conclusions Our findings have revealed that office employees had a defective posture while working and that the improper posture was more severe in the office employees who suffered from the neck pain

مقایسه کارکردهای اجرایی کودکان اتیستیک با عملکرد بالا و همتایان عادی

مقدمه: فرضیه‌های متعددی در خصوص نقصان کارکردهای شناختی در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم وجود دارد که یکی از آن‌ها فرضیه نقصان کارکردهای اجرایی است. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تفاوت دو گروه کودکان مبتلا به اتیسم و همتایان سالم در توجه پایدار، توجه انتخابی و مهار پاسخ به عنوان کارکردهای اجرایی بود. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه مقطعي، 16 کودک مبتلا به اتیسم با عملکرد بالا با 16 کودک همتای عادی مورد مقايسه قرار گرفتند. آن‌ها به انجام آزمون استروپ رنگ- واژه (جهت ارزیابی توجه انتخابی) و آزمون برو نرو (جهت ارزیابی مهار) و آزمون عملکرد مداوم (جهت ارزیابی توجه پایدار) پرداختند. جهت آنالیز داده‌ها Independent t-test مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. از نرم‌افزار 18SPSS برای آناليز داده‌ها استفاده شد و سطح معنی‌داری 01/0 در نظر گرفته شد. یافته‌ها: در آزمون استروپ در تعداد پاسخ‌های صحیح (05/0 P) کمتر از همتایان عادی بود. در آزمون برو نرو، میانگین زمان (05/0 P) در گروه عادی به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از این میزان در گروه اتیسم بود. نتیجه گیری: مهار پاسخ (غالب و حرکتی) و توجه پایدار از جمله کارکردهای اجرایی شناختی سالم در افراد اتیسم با عملکرد بالا است. سلامت مهار پاسخ در اتیسم می‌تواند به علت نقص این افراد در درک مطلب، مناطق مغزی درگیر و یا نوع تکالیف ارایه شده باشد. سلامت توجه پایدار در افراد اتیسم نیز حاکی از تمایل به تمرکز روی محرک‌های خاص و رفتارهای تکراری است که از علایم شناخته شده اتیسم می‌باشد. کلید واژه‌ها: کودکان اتیسم، توجه انتخابی، مهار پاسخ، توجه پایدار، کارکردهای اجرای

شواهد عصب شناختی نقصان برتری طرفی مغز در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اتیسم

مقدمه: منحصر به فردترین جنبه در سازمان‌بندی مغز انسان عدم تقارن مغزی است و اوتیسم یکی از اختلالاتی است که شاید بر این عدم تقارن و عملکرد نیمکره‌های مغزی تأثیر می‌گذارد. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تفاوت عدم تقارن نیمکره‌ای در افراد اوتیسم نسبت به همتایان عادی و تعیین ارتباطات بین طرفی شدن دست و زبان بود. مواد و روش‌ها: در مطالعه حاضر 26 پسر مبتلا به اوتیسم با عملکرد بالا، با استفاده از ASSQ و 27 پسر همتای عادی (سن و هوش‌بهر) از دبستان‌های پسرانه شهرستان نجف آباد انتخاب شدند. تمام نمونه‌ها با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه برتری طرفی Edinburgh، آزمون ضربه زدن و آزمون شنود دو گوشی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. پس از جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، تحلیل با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 19 انجام شد. یافته‌ها : 2/19 درصد نمونه‌های اوتیستیک برتری دست چپ داشتند و تقاوت معنی‌داری بین نمرات Edinburgh دستی دو گروه وجود دارد (006/0 = P). بین دو دست افراد اوتیستیک در آزمون ضربه زدن تفاوتی مشاهده نشد (186/0 = P) و تفاوت دو دست در دو گروه معنی‌دار بود (021/0 = P). در آزمون شنود دو گوشی مزیت گوش راست در افراد اوتیستیک مشاهده شد (001/0 > P)، ولی تفاوت معنی‌داری بین دو گوش در دو گروه نیز مشخص شد (007/0 = P). نتایج هیچ گونه همبستگی بین عوامل برتری دستی و طرفی شدن زبان آشکار نکرد. نتیجه‌گیری : طرفی شدن طبیعی در هیچ یک از آزمون‌های ضربه زدن و شنود دو گوشی و پرسش‌نامه برتری دستی Edinburgh در افراد اوتیستیک مشاهده نشد و عدم تقارن نیمکره‌ای طبیعی در افراد اوتیستیک از الگوی هنجاری پیروی نمی‌کند. شیوع بالای چپ دستی در افراد اوتیستیک نیز عاملی بر تأیید ناهنجاری در عملکرد بین نیمکره‌ای می‌باشد. به علاوه با وجود ارتباط نزدیک برتری دستی و طرفی شدن زبان، هیچ همبستگی مشخصی بین این عوامل مشاهده نشد. کلید واژه‌ها : اوتیسم، برتری طرفی، نیمکره‌های مغزی، آزمون شنود دو گوشی، ضربه زدن، پرسش‌نامه  برتری طرفی Edinburg

Cognitive and General Health Status in Elderly With and Without History of Falling

Objectives: Falling is a main problem in all health systems and approximately 30% of elderly experience one or more falling every year. Cognitive function is known to be a main risk factor for elderly falling. In this study we aim to compare general health and general cognitive status in elderly with and without history of falling. Methods & Materials: In this study 22 elderly without history of falling (15 M, 7 FM) were evaluated and compared with 31 elderly with history of falling (21 M, 10 FM) using general health questionnaire (GHQ) and MMSE. Independent t-test is used for data analysis. Results: Findings showed that differences of general health (P=0.009), and subtest of anxiety and sleep disorder (P=0.004) between two groups are significant. Means comparison showed worst status in elderly with history of falling than those without in general health, sleep disorder, and anxiety. Significant difference between cognitive health score of faller and non-faller elders was seen (P=0.022). Comparing means showed more cognitive impairment in elderly with history of falling than those without history of falling. Conclusion: This study confirms relationship between anxiety, sleep disorder and falling. Sleep disorder may cause falling due to dizziness. Anxiety and fear of falling may cause limited physical activity, balance, and increased risk of falling. Therapeutic methods in reducing anxiety would avoid falling. In addition, cognitive therapy for elderly can reduce the risk of falling