452 research outputs found

    Los sistemas de libertad condicional Un análisis de los sistemas de libertad condicional discrecional de Cataluña y de libertad condicional automático de Suecia

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    Treballs Finals del Màster de Criminologia, Política Criminal i Sociologia Juridicopenal, Facultat de Dret, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2013-2014, Tutor: Iñaki Rivera BeiraLa libertad condicional permite a los internos condenados a penas privativas de libertad una transición gradual en la vida en libertad. Según la Recomendación Rec (2003) 22 del Comité de Ministros, de 24 de septiembre de 2003 del Consejo de Europa, son válidos dos modelos de libertad condicional: el discrecional y el automático. El primero se concede bajo determinados requisitos mientras que el segundo se concede a todos los reclusos una vez cumplido cierta parte de la condena. Para poder precisar cuál de los dos modelos es el más adecuado según los fines que persigue así como más igualitario en su concesión, se realiza un análisis de ambos a partir del sistema de Cataluña, el cual es discrecional, y el sistema de Suecia, el cual es automático

    Introduction to reading and critical thinking development through picturebooks in the English as a foreign language classroom

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    Traballo Fin de Grao en Mestre/Mestra de Educación Primaria. Curso 2018-2019La enseñanza de la lectura en la clase de inglés como lengua extranjera (ILE) ocupa un lugar secundario en los primeros años de la educación primaria, encontrándose con frecuencia desplazado por la comprensión y expresión oral. Esta investigación intenta mostrar que un desarrollo temprano de la lectura a través de un enfoque holístico, una buena educación literaria y una metodología basada en la lectura dialógica, no sólo ayudará a una correcta adquisición de la competencia comunicativa, sino que favorecerá también el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico del alumnado. El álbum ilustrado es el material escogido para poder llevar a cabo esta aproximación a la lectura, pues la imagen resulta un apoyo perfecto para el primer acceso al texto escrito al tiempo que potencia la alfabetización estética. Sobre la base de lo investigado se construirá una propuesta de lectura para la clase de ILE para segundo de educación primaria entendida como un puente entre la teoría y la práctica educativaO ensino da lectura na clase de inglés como lingua estranxeira (ILE) ocupa un lugar secundario nos primeiros anos da educación primaria, sendo a miúdo desprazado pola comprensión e expresión oral. Esta investigación tenta amosar que un desenvolvemento precoz da lectura a través dun enfoque holístico, unha boa educación literaria e unha metodoloxía baseada na lectura dialóxica non só axudará a unha correcta adquisición da competencia comunicativa, senón que tamén favorecerá o desenvolvemento do pensamento crítico dos alumnos. O álbum ilustrado é o material escollido para poder levar a cabo esta aproximación á lectura, xa que a imaxe é un soporte perfecto para o primeiro acceso ao texto escrito, ao tempo que aumenta a alfabetización estética. A partir do investigado, construirase unha proposta de lectura para a clase de ILE para o segundo ano de educación primaria, entendida como unha ponte entre a teoría e a práctica educativaThe teaching of reading in the English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom occupies a secondary place in the early years of primary education, being often displaced by understanding and oral expression. This research tries to show that an early development of reading through a holistic approach, a good literary education and a methodology based on dialogical reading, will not only help a correct acquisition of the communicative competence, but will also favor the development of critical thinking of the students. Picturebooks are the material chosen to be able to carry out this approach to reading, since the image is a perfect support for the first access to the written text while enhancing aesthetic literacy. On the basis of what has been researched, a reading proposal will be constructed for the EFL classroom for the second year of primary education, understood as a bridge between theory and educational practic

    Update of Antibiotic Therapy of Brucellosis

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    Currently, the only option for treating brucellosis is antibiotics especially to prevent complications. In this chapter, we want to talk about the drug therapy in brucellosis and the update of these therapies in the last years. Also, we will expose the principal antibiotics in brucellosis such as doxycycline, rifampin, streptomycin, cotrimoxazole (TMP/SMX), and gentamicin by talking about each one of their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, administration, risk assessment, adverse effects, and principal drug interactions. Furthermore, we will add the evidence of efficacy therapy in monotherapy or combinate therapy based on the evidence

    A new constitutive model for polymeric matrices: Application to biomedical materials

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    Semi crystalline polymeric composites are increasingly used as bearing material in the biomedical sector, mainly because of their specific mechanical properties and the new advances in 3D printing technologies that allows for customised devices. Among these applications, total or partial prostheses for surgical purposes must consider the influence of temperature and loading rate. This paper proposes a new constitutive model for semi-crystalline polymers, commonly used as matrix material in a wide variety of biomedical composites, that enables reliable predictions under a wide range of loading conditions. Most of the recent models present limitations to predict the non-linear behaviour of the polymer when it is exposed to large deformations at high strain rates. The proposed model takes into account characteristic behaviours of injected and 3D printed thermoplastic polymers such as material hardening due to strain rate sensitivity, thermal softening, thermal expansion and combines viscoelastic and viscoplastic responses. These viscous-behaviours are relevant for biomedical applications where temperature evolution is expected during the deformation process due to heat generation induced by inelastic dissipation, being essential the thermo-mechanical coupling consideration. The constitutive model is formulated for finite deformations within a thermodynamically consistent framework. Additionally, the model is implemented in a finite element code and its parameters are identified for two biomedical polymers: ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE). Finally, the influence of viscous behaviours on dynamic deformation of semi-crystalline polymeric matrices is analysed

    A continuum constitutive model for FDM 3D printed thermoplastics

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    Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is the most common additive manufacturing technology used for thermoplastic components. This layers-based manufacturing process results into direct links between printing parameters and the polymer mesostructure by means of porosity and structural anisotropy. These dependencies along with other features of thermoplastic polymers (i.e., nonlinearities, viscous and thermal responses) makes its constitutive modelling very challenging. This work distances from studies that model the 3D printing process. Instead, we aim at complementing such approaches with a continuum model to describe the macroscopic behaviour of FDM thermoplastics while preserving links with printing parameters. Prior to the modelling conceptualisation, experimental characterisation tests are conducted on ABS specimens to evaluate the influence of printing parameters on the macroscopic mechanical response. The physical fundamentals behind the deformation and failure mechanisms are identified and motivate the new constitutive model. This model is formulated for finite deformations within a thermodynamically consistent framework. The model accounts for: nonlinear response; anisotropic hyperelasticity related to a transversely isotropic distribution of porous; strain rate dependency; macroscopic stiffness dependent on 3D printing processing. Finally, the model is numerically implemented and calibrated for ABS with original experiments, demonstrating its suitability.The authors acknowledge support from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain, Agencia Estatal de Investigación y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Spain, como entidades financiadoras (RTI2018-094318-B-I00). D.G.-G., S.G.-H. and A.A. acknowledge support from Programa de Apoyo a la Realización de Proyectos Interdisciplinares de I+D para Jóvenes Investigadores de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (BIOMASKIN-CM-UC3M). D.G.-G. acknowledges support from the Talent Attraction grant (CM 2018 - 2018-T2/IND- 9992) from the Comunidad de Madrid, Spain

    Multi-impact mechanical behaviour of short fibre reinforced composites

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    High velocity transverse impact on reinforced composites is a matter of interest in the automotive, aeronautical and biomedical sectors. Most existing studies have addressed this problem by single isolated impacts; however, this work deals with the distinction between single, sequential and simultaneous impacts on composite structures. This paper proposes an experimental methodology to study the mechanical behaviour of materials under single and multi-impact loadings. The overall objective is to investigate the mechanical response of short carbon fibre reinforced PEEK when is subjected to single and multiple high velocity impacts. Experimental tests are conducted covering impact velocities from 90 m/s to 470 m/s. Energy absorption, damage extension and failure mechanisms are compared to assess additive and cumulative effects in high velocity impact scenarios. Experimental results show that the specific deformation and fracture mechanisms observed during multi-hitting events change with impact velocity. Compared to the behaviour of unreinforced thermoplastics, short fibre reinforced composites present significant limitations at velocities close to the ballistic limit, but multi-hit capability is observed at high impact velocity when the damage is mainly local. As key conclusion, the ballistic limit obtained in single impact test cannot be extrapolated to sequential and simultaneous tests. Multi-impact tests, especially close to the ballistic limit, are necessary to guarantee the structural integrity of composite structures in realistic impact scenarios.The researchers are indebted to Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España (Project DPI2014-57989-P) and Vicerrectorado de Política Científica UC3M (Project 2013-00219-002) for financial support

    Design of FDM 3D printed polymers: An experimental-modelling methodology for the prediction of mechanical properties

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    Additive manufacturing technologies provide new opportunities for the manufacturing of components with customisable geometries and mechanical properties. In particular, fused deposition modelling (FDM) allows for customisable mechanical properties by controlling the void density and filament orientation. In this work, a methodology is provided for the prediction of the mechanical properties and mesostructure of FDM polymers. To this end, we propose a computational framework for the simulation of the printing process taking as input data specific manufacturing parameters and filament properties. A new two-stage thermal and sintering model is developed to predict the bond formation process between filaments. The model predictions are validated against original experimental data for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) components manufactured by FDM. A parametric study is finally presented to interpret the effects of different manufacturing parameters on the mechanical performance of ABS specimens. Overall, the proposed framework offers new avenues for the design of 3D printed polymeric components with custom properties, directly in terms of manufacturing settings.D. Garcia-Gonzalez acknowledges support from the Talent Attraction grant (CM 2018 - 2018-T2/IND-9992) from the Comunidad de Madrid. S. Garzon-Hernandez, D. Garcia-Gonzalez and A. Arias acknowledge support from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigación y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional,comoentidades financiadoras (RTI2018-094318- B-I00)

    Autómata programable

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    Aquest projecte consisteix en el disseny i la implementació d’un micro autòmat programable capaç de realitzar funcions de control relativament senzilles. L’usuari té la possibilitat d’interactuar amb el dispositiu mitjançant un teclat i una pantalla LCD. Seguidament veurem en que consisteix aquest tipus de dispositiu, així com la seva estructura, fent èmfasi en cadascun dels seus components i el software necessari per realitzar el control d’una determinada aplicació

    A continuum mechanics constitutive framework for transverse isotropic soft tissues

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    In this work, a continuum constitutive framework for the mechanical modelling of soft tissues that incorporates strain rate and temperature dependencies as well as the transverse isotropy arising from fibres embedded into a soft matrix is developed. The constitutive formulation is based on a Helmholtz free energy function decoupled into the contribution of a viscous-hyperelastic matrix and the contribution of fibres introducing dispersion dependent transverse isotropy. The proposed framework considers finite deformation kinematics, is thermodynamically consistent and allows for the particularisation of the energy potentials and flow equations of each constitutive branch. In this regard, the approach developed herein provides the basis on which specific constitutive models can be potentially formulated for a wide variety of soft tissues. To illustrate this versatility, the constitutive framework is particularised here for animal and human white matter and skin, for which constitutive models are provided. In both cases, different energy functions are considered: Neo-Hookean, Gent and Ogden. Finally, the ability of the approach at capturing the experimental behaviour of the two soft tissues is confirmed.The researchers are indebted to the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España (Projects DPI2014-57989-P and DPI2017-85970-R) for the financial support which permitted to conduct part of this work. D.G.-G. and A.J. acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme ( FP7 2007-2013 ) ERC Grant Agreement No. 306587
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