"It Works for Me": Pseudotherapy Use is Associated With Trust in Their Efficacy Rather Than Belief in Their Scientific Validity

Objectives: To identify how perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs towards pseudotherapies, health, medicine, and the public health system influence the pseudotherapy use in Spain. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study using the Survey of Social Perception of Science and Technology-2018 (5,200 interviews). Dependent variable: ever use of pseudotherapies. Covariables: attitude towards medicine, health and public health system; perceived health; assessment of the scientific character of homeopathy/acupuncture. The association was estimated using prevalence ratios obtained by Poisson regression models. The model was adjusted for age and socioeconomic variables. Results: Pseudotherapy use was higher in women (24.9%) than in men (14.2%) (p < 0.001). The probability of use in men (p < 0.001) and women (p < 0.001) increases with the belief in pseudotherapies' usefulness. Among men, a proactive attitude (reference: passive) towards medicine and health (RP:1.3), and a negative (reference: positive) assessment of the quality of the public health system increased use-probability (RP:1.2). For women, poor health perceived (referencie: good) increased likelihood of use (RP:1.2). Conclusion: Pseudotherapy use in Spain was associated with confidence in its usefulness irrespective of users' assessment of its scientific validity.This research was supported by the CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health of Spain (CIBERESP).S

El problema de la sumisión química y las agresiones sexuales

Artículo de divulgación publicado en The Conversation España el día 28/03/2023.Según datos del Instituto Nacional de Toxicología de los últimos cinco años, en una de cada tres agresiones sexuales en España la víctima estaba bajo los efectos de la sumisión química. ¿Pero qué es exactamente la sumisión química? Técnicamente se define como la administración de sustancias químicas con efectos psicoactivos a una persona, sin su consentimiento y sin su conocimiento, con el fin de modificar su estado de consciencia, alterar su comportamiento o anular su voluntad, en general con el fin de agredirla sexualmente.N

Comment. Sociodemographic variables, life-styles, and self-perceived health in migrants

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Multilevel analysis of the use of oral health services by the pediatric population.

[ES] Objetivos:Analizar variables asociadas al uso de los servicios de salud bucodental en el último año por parte de la población de 6 a 15 años de edad residente en España. Analizar si hay variabilidad en el uso deestos servicios entre comunidades autónomas y si ésta podría explicarse por variables relacionadas conel modelo asistencial. Métodos:Estudio transversal de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (2006). Variables independientes de índole individual (sociodemográficas, enfermedad, hábitos y socioeconómicas) y contextual (modelo asistencial y prevalencia de paro en la comunidad autónoma). Estimación de la asociación mediante regresión logística multinivel. Resultados:La varianza en el uso entre comunidades autónomas es de 0,16 (EE: 0,07) y el 4,8% de lavariabilidad total es atribuible a la comunidad autónoma. Las variables incluidas en el modelo explican el 83,11% de la varianza existente entre comunidades autónomas. Las variables individuales asociadas a unamayor probabilidad de uso fueron la presencia de enfermedad y la frecuencia de cepillado de los dientes;las asociadas a una menor probabilidad fueron la edad, la procedencia, la ingesta de refrescos azucaradosy el nivel socioeconómico. Entre las variables contextuales, estar cubierto por un modelo asistencial tipoPlan de Asistencia Dental Infantil (PADI), implantado desde hace más de 10 años, duplica la probabilidad de acudir al dentista frente a los que carecen de él (odds ratio= 2,47; intervalo de confianza del 95%:2,04-2,99). Conclusiones:El uso en el último año de los servicios de salud bucodental por la población infanto-juvenil residente en España se aleja de las recomendaciones. Se identifican variables individuales (sociodemográficas, de enfermedad, de hábitos y socioeconómicas) y contextuales (modelo asistencial) asociadas adicho uso. [EN] Objectives To analyze the variables associated with the use of oral health services in the last year by the population aged 6 to 15 years living in Spain and to determine whether there is variability in the use of these services among autonomous regions and, if so, whether this variability could be explained by variables related to the care model of the distinct autonomous regions. Methods A cross-sectional study of the Spanish National Health Survey (2006) was carried out. Independent variables were individual (sociodemographic, dental disease, habits and socioeconomic) and contextual (type of dental care model and prevalence of unemployment in the autonomous region). Association was estimated by multilevel logistic regression. Results Variance in the use of oral health services among autonomous regions was 0.16 (SE: 0.07), and 4.8% of the total variability was attributable to the autonomous region. The variables included in the model explained 83.11% of the variance. Individual variables associated with an increased likelihood of using dental services were the presence of disease and the frequency of brushing. Individual variables associated with a lower likelihood were age, origin, intake of sugary soft drinks and socioeconomic status. The contextual variables of being covered by a dental care model (of the type Childhood Dental Care Plan) older than 10 years doubled the likelihood of using oral health services compared with those without such coverage (OR = 2.47, CI = 2.04-2.99). Conclusions The use of oral health services during the last year by the pediatric population in Spain is lower than recommended. This use is associated with individual variables (demographic, dental health, habits and socioeconomic factors) and contextual variables (dental care model).Este trabajo fue financiado por el Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS)-ref-PI 080306.S

Tiro en Rojo

Presentamos como Trabajo de Fin de Grado la creación de una producción audiovisual en formato digital. Con la realización de este cortometraje hemos tratado de mejorar las piezas audiovisuales que hicimos en años anteriores, tanto a nivel narrativo como a nivel compositivo. El cortometraje, que pone en escena una historia personal contada bajo una atmósfera que busca recrear el cine de terror y de suspense, trata sobre un director de cine que no consigue diferenciar la realidad de la ficción. En la memoria del presente Trabajo Fin de Grado, además de desplegar detalladamente el proceso de producción del cortometraje (que va de la idea a la realización del mismo), hemos buscado profundizar en algunas cuestiones teóricas como el Doppelgänger o el nuevo Prometeo y hacer un recorrido explicativo de los autores que han inspirado nuestro proyecto, como son Roman Polanski, Iván Zulueta, David Lynch y Spike Lee. Enlace al cortometraje: https://vimeo.com/460881124Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública

Is sexual attraction and place of origin a moderator of sex in pornography consumption? Cross-sectional study on a representative sample of young adults

Background: Pornography consumption is higher in men, but we do not know if this association can be modified by different variables, such as sexual attraction and place of origin. Given the impact pornography has on minors, there are limited studies that analyze the use of pornography in representative samples of the adult population. The aim was analyze the prevalence and factors associated with using pornography in young adult men and women, living in Spain, with different sexual attractions and different places of birth. Methods: Cross-sectional study with an online survey conducted with 2515 men and women aged between 18 and 35 years of age. The prevalence of pornography consumption is described and analyzed in the total sample and stratified by sex, according to socio-demographic and sexual attraction variables. The association between covariates and pornography consumption at some point in life was estimated with prevalence ratios (PR) obtained with the Poisson models of robust variance. Dependent variable: voluntarily using pornography at some point in life. Socio-demographic variables were included in the analysis: age, sex, level of education, place of birth. Sexual attraction was also analyzed. Results: In Spain, 94.7% of men between 18 and 34 years and 74.6% of women have voluntarily used pornography at some point in their life. The mean age to start using it is earlier in men [Mean:14.2; Standard Deviation (SD):2.3]. Bisexual/homosexual attraction (reference: heterosexual) increases the probability of using pornography in women [(PR (95%CI): 1.30 (1.22; 1.38)]. Yet this is not observed in men. In both sexes, the probability of using pornography increases with age [(PR (95%CI): 1.01(1.00; 1.01)] and coming from abroad (reference: native), being the effect of country of birth significantly higher in women [(PR (95%CI): 1.17 (1.09; 1.26)] than in men [(PR (95%CI): 1.04 (1.01; 1.07). Conclusions: Public health programmes aimed at improving affective-sexual health should consider the high use of pornography among young adults in Spain, as well as those variables that increase its use.This research was supported by the CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health of Spain (Grant ESP20PI02) and by the Institute of Health Carlos III (Grant PI22CIII/00036). Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.S

Do we have friendly services to meet the needs of young women exposed to intimate partner violence in the Madrid region?

Introduction: Women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) do not tend to go very frequently to formal support services. The objective of this study is to identify barriers related to the accessibility, acceptability, equity, appropriateness and effectiveness of IPV services from the perspective of the professionals working in the IPV public services. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in the Madrid region based on 13 semi-structured interviews of young women who had survived IPV as well as 17 interviews with professionals. A thematic content analysis was performed, guided by the dimensions proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for friendly services for young people. Results: From the perspective of the young women and professionals, barriers were identified for all the dimensions of the WHO's friendly services for young people: accessibility: lack of information and support from the social setting, scarce dissemination of the services, economic cost, non-adapted schedules, inadequate locations or lack of services in settings close to young people; acceptability: lack of protocols to guarantee confidentiality, lack of speed in the provision of services or their referral, unwelcoming environments or unsympathetic professional malpractice; equity: discriminatory professional attitudes towards groups with different social status and lack of protocols to ensure the care of these groups; appropriateness: unmet needs and lack of multidisciplinary teams; and effectiveness: shortage of time, resources, competent professionals, protocols and coordination. Conclusions: Strategies are needed to make the necessary changes to promote friendly services for the care of young people exposed to IPV. Additionally, it must be emphasized that resources are needed to raise awareness and disseminate IPV services, as well as to train professionals in this area. Patient or Public Contribution: This paper is based on professionals' perspectives of public IPV-related services of different areas such as Psychology, Social Work, Nursing, Psychiatry, Social Education and young women exposed to IPV. They either work in the public administration at the local, regional or state level or in NGOs in Spain.This study was funded by the Health Institute Carlos III (Ref. PI17CIII/00022)

Disclosing Gender-Based Violence: A Qualitative Analysis of Professionals’ and Women’s Perspectives through a Discursive Approach

Supporting women to disclose gender-based violence (GBV) is a central feature of how healthcare and other welfare services address this problem. In this paper we take a discursive approach to analyse the process of disclosing GBV from the perspectives of young women who have been subjected to GBV and professionals working in the welfare system. Through a reflective thematic analysis of 13 interviews with young women who have been subjected to GBV and 17 with professionals working in different sectors of the welfare system, we developed four themes about how disclosure is perceived: (i) as a conversation between acquaintances; (ii) as ‘no solution’; (iii) as a possible prerequisite for action; and (iv) as difficult because GBV is normalised. Even if disclosure is not the solution per se, it makes it possible to respond institutionally to GBV on an individual basis through the figure of the expert professional who is alert to signs, knows how to support disclosure, and has the power to legitimate women’s claims of GBV. We acknowledge the possibilities that supporting disclosure brings for women subjected to GBV, but at the same time, problematise that it can re-centre expertise in the professional and place the responsibility on women.This study was funded by the Health Institute Carlos III (Ref. PI17CIII/00022)

Influencia del lugar de origen en la utilización de pruebas de cribado de cáncer ginecológico en España

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between geographic origin and the use of screening cervical smears and mammograms. METHODS: Data was obtained from the 2006 Spanish National Health Survey that included 13,422 females over 16 years of age. The dependent variable was use of screening mammograms and cervical smears in the past 12 months. The measure of association (odds ratio and its related 95% confidence interval) was estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: African women were 0.36 (95% CI 0.21,0.62), Eastern European 0.40 (95%CI 0.22;0.74), Western European, American and Canadian 0.60 (95%CI 0.43,0.84), and Central and South American 0.64 times (95%CI 0.52, 0.81) less likely to undergo a mammogram compared with the general population of Spain. In regard to cervical cancer screening, Eastern European women were 0.38 (95%CI 0.28,0.50), African 0.47 (95%CI 0.33,0.67) and Western European, American and Canadian 0.61 times (95%CI 0.46, 0.81) less likely to undergo cervical smears. These associations were independent of age, socioeconomic condition, health status and health insurance coverage. CONCLUSIONS: Immigrant women use less screening programs than native Spanish women. This finding may suggest difficult access to prevention programs.OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación entre el área geográfica de procedencia en el uso de las citologías y la mamografía. MÉTODOS: Los datos analizados proceden Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España-2006 dirigida a población mayor de 16 años. La Encuesta incluye 13.422 mujeres. Las variables dependientes fueron realización de una mamografía y de una citología vaginal, ambos en los últimos 12 meses. La medida de asociación fue el odds ratio con intervalo de confianza al 95% calculado por regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Tomando como referencia la población española, la probabilidad de realizarse una mamografías entre las mujeres procedentes de África fue 0,36 (IC95% 0,21;0,62) veces menor; Europa del Este 0,40 (IC95% 0,22;0,74) veces menor; Europa Occidental, EEUU y Canadá, 0,60 (IC95% 0,43; 0,84) veces menor y América Central / Sur 0,64 (IC95% 0,52;0,81) veces menor. En relación a la prevención de cáncer de cervix, probabilidad de realizarse una citología entre las mujeres Europa del Este fue 0,38 (IC95% 0,28;0,50) veces menor que la población española, África 0,47 (IC95%:0,33;0,67) veces menor y Europa Occidental, EEUU y Canadá 0,61 (IC95% 0,46;0,81) veces menor. Dichas asociaciones fueron independientes de la edad, indicadores socioeconómicos, estado de salud y cobertura sanitaria. CONCLUSIONES: Las mujeres inmigrantes hacen menor uso de los programas de cribado que las mujeres autóctonas. Este dato podría reflejar dificultades de acceso a los programas preventivos

Barriers and facilitators for exclusive breastfeeding in women’s biopsychosocial spheres according to primary care midwives in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain)

The objective of our study is to determine, from a primary care midwife’s perspective, which biopsychosocial factors can favour or be detrimental to exclusive breast feeding. (2) The study was carried out in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) and is based on qualitative methodology. Twenty in-depth interviews were carried out with midwives working in primary care centres in Tenerife, using a content analysis approach. The transcript data was then encoded following an inductive approach. (3) According to the perceptions of the primary care midwives who were interviewed, the barriers and facilitators that influence exclusive breastfeeding related to the biopsychosocial spheres of women are, at an individual level, the physical and emotional aspects during the postnatal period; at the relationship level, the presence or not of support from the close family and partner; at the community level, the environment and social networks the new mothers may have; and at the work level, characteristics of jobs and early return to work. (4) The findings of our research can help healthcare professionals to approach the promotion and encouragement of exclusive breast feeding at each of the levels studied, with the aim of increasing rates following recommendations issued by The World Health OrganizationThis research was funded by the Spanish Health Research Fund (PI 080306). Canary Islands Foundation Health Research Institute of the Canary Islands (FIISC). CIF: G76208396