Sequência didática como uma alternativa para o ensino de Ecologia por meio da construção de um hotel de insetos

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação) — Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Educação Científica - NECBio, 2021.O ensino de Ciências e Biologia ainda apresenta inúmeras defasagens quanto ao modo como são ministrados nas escolas. As aulas ainda são lecionadas no modelo tradicional de ensino, onde o professor é detentor do conhecimento e esse transmite aos estudantes, sem explorar elementos que cativem e estimulem mais o interesse pelo conteúdo. Não seria diferente para o ensino de Ecologia, mais particularmente a temática Relações Ecológicas, a qual permite ser estudada de várias formas que possibilitem tornar os estudantes ativos no processo de ensino-aprendizado. Assim, revelando caminhos possíveis para superação desse problema, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor aos professores da educação básica de ensino o uso de uma sequência didática para ensinar ecologia por meio da construção de um hotel de insetos. Foi desenvolvido, pelos autores do trabalho, uma sequência didática com três momentos, os quais abordam as Relações Ecológicas e passo-a-passo para construção do Hotel de Insetos. Para examinar se a proposta poderia ser aplicada na escola foi submetido um questionário para professores de Biologia do Ensino Médio, os quais responderam onze perguntas. Foi possível observar, por meio da resposta dos educadores, que a sequência didática construída pode ser um facilitador no processo ensino-aprendizagem dos estudantes, além de estar afinado ao Novo Currículo do Novo Ensino Médio. Sendo assim, esse estudo revelou que a Sequência Didática elaborada é uma ótima ferramenta a ser usada na escola, com o plano de permitir uma melhor organização no desenvolvimento no processo de aprendizagem na educação básica por associar a teoria à prática, permitindo que os estudantes compreendam melhor os conteúdos ministrados e adquirirem uma maior conexão com os insetos.Science and Biology teaching still has many deficiencies in the way these subjects are taught in schools. The classes are still taught in the traditional teaching model, where the teacher is the owner of the knowledge and transmits it to the students, without exploring elements that attract and encourage more interest in the content. There is no difference for the study of Ecology, more particularly ecological relationships, which can be studied in various ways that make it possible to involve students more in the teaching-learning process. Aiming at this issue and showing the possibilities of overcoming the problem of mostly expository classes, this research seeks to propose the use of a Didactic Sequence to teach Ecology through the construction of an Insect Hotel. The authors of the project developed a didactic sequence with three moments, which address the Ecological Relationships and a step-by-step for the construction of the Insect Hotel. To examine if this proposal could be applied at school, a questionnaire was submitted to high school biology teachers, which responded to eleven questions. It was observed, through the educators' answers, that the didactic sequence developed can be a facilitator in the teaching-learning process of the students, as well as being in tune with the New High School Curriculum. Thus, this study revealed that the developed Teaching Sequence is a great tool to be used in school, with the plan to allow a better organization in the development of the learning process in basic education by associating theory to practice, allowing students to better understand the content taught and acquire a greater connection with insects

Response of patients with acute respiratory failure caused by COVID-19 to awake-prone position outside the intensive care unit based on pulmonary involvement

OBJECTIVES: Since there are difficulties in establishing effective treatments for COVID-19, a vital way to reduce mortality is an early intervention to prevent disease progression. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of patients with COVID-19 with acute hypoxic respiratory failure according to pulmonary impairment in the awake-prone position, outside of the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted on COVID-19 patients under noninvasive respiratory support. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained for each patient before the treatment and after they were placed in the awake-prone position. To identify responders and non-responders after the first prone maneuver, receiver operating characteristic curves with sensitivity and specificity of the PaO2/FiO2 and SpO2/FiO2 indices were analyzed. The maneuver was considered positive if the patient did not require endotracheal intubation for ventilatory assistance. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients were included, and 64.6% were categorized as responders. The SpO2/FiO2 index was effective for predicting endotracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients regardless of lung parenchymal damage (area under the curve 0.84, cutoff point 165, sensitivity 85%, specificity 75%). Responders had better outcomes with lower hospital mortality (hazard ratio [HR]=0.107, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.012-0.93) and a shorter length of stay (median difference 6 days, HR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.13-0.66) after adjusting for age, body mass index, sex, and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: The awake-prone position for COVID-19 patients outside the ICU can improve oxygenation and clinical outcomes regardless of the extent of pulmonary impairment. Furthermore, the SpO2/FiO2 index discriminates responders from non-responders to the prone maneuver predicting endotracheal intubation with a cutoff under or below 165. &nbsp

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

HIDROGEOMORFOMETRIA E DINÂMICA DE COBERTURA DE SOLO DA MICROBACIA PARDAL, AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL, BRASIL

The knowledge about the information and characteristics of the landscape of the microbasin is of fundamental importance for the planning of the use of the natural resources. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the hydrogeomorphometric characteristics and the dynamics of the soil cover in the Pardal river microbasin. Google Earth and QGIS software, geoprocessing techniques and altimetric images were used. The microbasin has geometric characteristics: 7.69 km2 in area, perimeter of 18.15 km, form factor of 0.29, compactness coefficient of 1.83, circularity index of 0.29. Its topographic characteristics are: altitude from 205 m to 246 m, predominance of smooth-wavy and flat relief classes, 99.87% of the area with low influence of fire propagation, 99.74% of the area suitable for extremely apt for agricultural mechanization. Its hydrographic characteristics are: drainage network of 7.31 km, with 2nd order dendritic pattern, 9 springs, 1.17 springs kmˉ2, drainage density of 0.95 km kmˉ2, maintenance coefficient of 1,052 m2 mˉ1, sinuosity of 16.21% and concentration time of 2.33 h. The hydrogeomorphometric information of the Pardal river microbasin can be used to assist in the delimitation of areas for agricultural aptitude and the planning of conservation management practices and management of water resources in the region, aiming to achieve sustainable development and the quality of life of the current and the future generations.El conocimiento sobre la información y las características del paisaje de las cuencas hidrográficas es de fundamental importancia para planificar el uso de los recursos naturales. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las características hidrogeomorfométricas y la dinámica de la cobertura del suelo en la cuenca del río Pardal. Se utilizaron software Google Earth y QGIS, técnicas de geoprocesamiento e imágenes altimétricas. La microcuenca tiene características geométricas: 7,69 km2 de área, perímetro de 18,15 km, factor de forma de 0,29, coeficiente de compacidad de 1,83, índice de circularidad de 0,29. Sus características topográficas son: altitud de 205 m a 246 m, predominio de clases de relieve ondulado suave y plano, 99,87% del área con baja influencia de propagación del fuego, 99,74% del área apta para la mecanización agrícola extremadamente adecuada. Sus características hidrográficas son: red de drenaje de 7,31 km, con patrón dendrítico de 2º orden, 9 manantiales, 1,17 manantiales kmˉ2, densidad de drenaje de 0,95 km kmˉ2, coeficiente de mantenimiento de 1.052 m2 mˉ1, índice sinuoso de 16,21% y tiempo de concentración de 2,33 h. La información hidrogeomorfométrica de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Pardal puede ser utilizada para ayudar en la delimitación de áreas de aptitud agrícola y la planificación de prácticas de manejo de conservación y manejo de recursos hídricos en la región, con el objetivo de lograr el desarrollo sostenible y la calidad de vida de las generaciones actuales y futuras.O conhecimento sobre as informações e características da paisagem das microbacias hidrográficas é de fundamental importância para o planejamento do uso dos recursos naturais. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar as características hidrogeomorfométricas e a dinâmica da cobertura do solo na microbacia do rio Pardal. Foi utilizado os softwares Google Earth e QGIS, técnicas de geoprocessamento e imagens altimétricas. A microbacia tem como características geométricas: 7,69 km2 de área, perímetro de 18,15 km, fator de forma de 0,29, coeficiente de compacidade de 1,83, índice de circularidade de 0,29. Tem como características topográficas: altitude de 205 m a 246 m, predominância das classes de relevo suave ondulado e plano, 99,87% da área com baixa influência de propagação de incêndios, 99,74% da área apta a extremamente apta para mecanização agrícola. Apresenta como características hidrográficas: rede de drenagem de 7,31 km, com padrão dendrítico de 2º ordem, 9 nascentes, 1,17 nascentes kmˉ2, densidade de drenagem de 0,95 km kmˉ2 , coeficiente de manutenção de 1.052 m2 mˉ1, índice de sinuosidade de 16,21% e tempo de concentração de 2,33 h. As informações hidrogeomorfométricas da microbacia do rio Pardal podem ser utilizadas para auxiliar na delimitação de áreas para aptidão agrícola e o planejamento de práticas de manejo conservacionista e gestão dos recursos hídricos na região, visando alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável e a qualidade de vida da atual e das futuras gerações

TCEs 2014 (C)

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