335 research outputs found
Pulse-mode quantum projection synthesis: Effects of mode mismatch on optical state truncation and preparation
Quantum projection synthesis can be used for phase-probability-distribution
measurement, optical-state truncation and preparation. The method relies on
interfering optical lights, which is a major challenge in experiments performed
by pulsed light sources. In the pulsed regime, the time frequency overlap of
the interfering lights plays a crucial role on the efficiency of the method
when they have different mode structures. In this paper, the pulsed mode
projection synthesis is developed, the mode structure of interfering lights are
characterized and the effect of this overlap (or mode match) on the fidelity of
optical-state truncation and preparation is investigated. By introducing the
positive-operator-valued measure (POVM) for the detection events in the scheme,
the effect of mode mismatch between the photon-counting detectors and the
incident lights are also presented.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Nonlinear atom optics and bright gap soliton generation in finite optical lattices
We theoretically investigate the transmission dynamics of coherent matter
wave pulses across finite optical lattices in both the linear and the nonlinear
regimes. The shape and the intensity of the transmitted pulse are found to
strongly depend on the parameters of the incident pulse, in particular its
velocity and density: a clear physical picture for the main features observed
in the numerical simulations is given in terms of the atomic band dispersion in
the periodic potential of the optical lattice. Signatures of nonlinear effects
due the atom-atom interaction are discussed in detail, such as atom optical
limiting and atom optical bistability. For positive scattering lengths, matter
waves propagating close to the top of the valence band are shown to be subject
to modulational instability. A new scheme for the experimental generation of
narrow bright gap solitons from a wide Bose-Einstein condensate is proposed:
the modulational instability is seeded in a controlled way starting from the
strongly modulated density profile of a standing matter wave and the solitonic
nature of the generated pulses is checked from their shape and their
collisional properties
Optical Bragg, atom Bragg and cavity QED detections of quantum phases and excitation spectra of ultracold atoms in bipartite and frustrated optical lattices
Ultracold atoms loaded on optical lattices can provide unprecedented
experimental systems for the quantum simulations and manipulations of many
quantum phases and quantum phase transitions between these phases. However, so
far, how to detect these quantum phases and phase transitions effectively
remains an outstanding challenge. In this paper, we will develop a systematic
and unified theory of using the optical Bragg scattering, atomic Bragg
scattering or cavity QED to detect the ground state and the excitation spectrum
of many quantum phases of interacting bosons loaded in bipartite and frustrated
optical lattices.
We show that the two photon Raman transition processes in the three detection
methods not only couple to the density order parameter, but also the {\sl
valence bond order} parameter due to the hopping of the bosons on the lattice.
This valence bond order coupling is very sensitive to any superfluid order or
any Valence bond (VB) order in the quantum phases to be probed. These quantum
phases include not only the well known superfluid and Mott insulating phases,
but also other important phases such as various kinds of charge density waves
(CDW), valence bond solids (VBS), CDW-VBS phases with both CDW and VBS orders
unique to frustrated lattices, and also various kinds of supersolids.
The physical measurable quantities of the three experiments are the light
scattering cross sections, the atom scattered clouds and the cavity leaking
photons respectively. We analyze respectively the experimental conditions of
the three detection methods to probe these various quantum phases and their
corresponding excitation spectra. We also address the effects of a finite
temperature and a harmonic trap.Comment: REVTEX4-1, 32 pages, 16.eps figures, to Appear in Annals of Physic
Malaria vectors in the Brazilian Amazon: Anopheles of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus
Various species of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) were studied in the Amazon with the objective of determining their importance as malaria vectors. Of the 33 known Anopheles species occurring in the Amazon, only 9 were found to be infected with Plasmodium. The different species of this subgenus varied both in diversity and density in the collection areas. The populations showed a tendency towards lower density and diversity in virgin forest than in areas modified by human intervention. The principal vector, An. darlingi, is anthropophilic with a continuous activity cycle lasting the entire night but peaking at sunset and sunrise. These species (Nyssorhynchus) are peridomiciliary, entering houses to feed on blood and immediately leaving to settle on nearby vegetation. Anopheles nuneztovari proved to be zoophilic, crepuscular and peridomiciliary. These habits may change depending on a series of external factors, especially those related to human activity. There is a possibility that sibling species exist in the study area and they are being studied with reference to An. darlingi. An. albitarsis and An. nuneztovari. The present results do not suggest the existence of subpopulations of An. darlingi in the Brazilian Amazon
Objective Evaluation of Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation using a Data Management and Processing Infrastructure
We present a study of multiple sclerosis segmentation algorithms conducted at the international MICCAI 2016 challenge. This challenge was operated using a new open-science computing infrastructure. This allowed for the automatic and independent evaluation of a large range of algorithms in a fair and completely automatic manner. This computing infrastructure was used to evaluate thirteen methods of MS lesions segmentation, exploring a broad range of state-of-theart algorithms, against a high-quality database of 53 MS cases coming from four centers following a common definition of the acquisition protocol. Each case was annotated manually by an unprecedented number of seven different experts. Results of the challenge highlighted that automatic algorithms, including the recent machine learning methods (random forests, deep learning, …), are still trailing human expertise on both detection and delineation criteria. In addition, we demonstrate that computing a statistically robust consensus of the algorithms performs closer to human expertise on one score (segmentation) although still trailing on detection scores
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