PLANT EXTRACTS USED FOR THE CONTROL OF ENDO AND ECTOPARASITES OF LIVESTOCK: A REVIEW OF THE LAST 13 YEARS OF SCIENCE

A variety of endo and ectoparasites can affect livestock, causing poor animal performance and low welfare conditions. Haemonchus contortus (Trichostrongyloidae), Rhipicephalus microplus (Ixodidae), Cochliomyia sp. and Lucilia sp. (Calliphoridae) are some of the most important parasites to livestock in Brazil and in many other tropical and subtropical countries, where farmers need to be vigilant. Although a constant parasite control uses large-spectrum anthelmintics or synthetic insecticides, giving a timely potent reduction of the infections, they also represent a threat to the lifespan of these compounds due to drug-selected parasites. Thus, the development of plant-based therapies is a solid alternative for standard, agroecological, and holistic farming systems, as well as it is an important ally to combat drug resistant parasite populations. In this article, we discussed the scientific literature on plant extracts, notably hydroalcoholic extract or essential oils, used for the control of the above livestock parasites published in the last 13 years. Our objective was to pinpoint the most important issues for this promising area of research, exploring the potential and the challenges that are facing us by examining more than 150 in vitro and in vivo studies. Almost all the authors reported positive data from plants or isolates, the most important challenges that were faced during our search were the lack of a proper experimental study design, and the deficiency in the characterization of the plants used. It is our opinion that plant-based products may be a solid choice for parasite control in livestock animals achieving high welfare standards and mitigate farming input (i.e. use of chemicals and their waste into the environment)

Adaptación transcultural del pressure ulcer scale for healing para el idioma portugués

This study aimed to carry out a crosscultural adaptation of the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) to the Portuguese language through the translation of the instrument into Portuguese (by bilingual specialists and a specialist committee) and the validation of inter-rater reliability (comparison between nurses' and stomal therapists' observations) and convergent validity (correlation between pressure ulcers - PU - stages and type of tissue factor and total scale score). Besides the Kappa index, we also used Fisher's and Spearman's Tests. The Kappa indices (0.90 to 1.00) obtained for the comparison between all nurses and stomal therapists' observations for all sub-scales and for the total score and the presence of a positive and statistically significant correlation (pLa finalidad de este estudio fue efectuar la adaptación transcultural del Pressure Ulcer for Healing Scale para el portugués, mediante la traducción del instrumento al portugués (por especialistas bilingües); y la validación de la confiabilidad inter-observadores y validad convergente. Para los análisis fueron usados el Índice Kappa y los test de Fisher y Spearman, respectivamente. Después de la aprobación del proyecto por el Comité de Ética de la Escuela de Enfermería de USP, 34 úlceras por presión fueran evaluadas. Los índices de Kappa (0.90 al 1.0) obtenidos entre las observaciones de los enfermeros y estomaterapeutas para todas las subescalas y puntuación total y la presencia de correlaciones estadísticas significativas (pO objetivo do estudo foi realizar a adaptação transcultural do Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) para a língua portuguesa, através da tradução do instrumento para a língua portuguesa, feita por especialistas bilingües e comitê de especialistas, e teste das propriedades de medida: confiabilidade interobservadores e validade convergente. Para tais análises foram utilizados o índice Kappa e os Testes de Fisher e Spearman. Após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo, 34 úlceras de pressão foram examinadas. Os resultados obtidos para os índices Kappa (0,90 a 1,0) entre as observações dos enfermeiros e estomaterapeutas (padrão-ouro) para todas as subescalas e escore total da escala, bem como a existência de correlação positiva e estatisticamente significativa (

Sobre caso de doença de Chagas aguda em região de vetores controlados no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

No vector transmitted cases of Chagas disease had been notified in the state of São Paulo since the 1970s. However, in March, 2006, the death of a six-year-old boy from the municipality of Itaporanga was notified to the Center for Epidemiological Survey of the São Paulo State Health Secretariat: an autochthonous case of acute Chagas disease. The postmortem histopathological examination performed in the Hospital das Clínicas of the Botucatu School of Medicine confirmed the diagnosis. Reference to hospital records, consultation with the health professionals involved in the case and interviews with members of the patient's family supplied the basis for this study. We investigated parasite route of transmission, probable local reservoirs and vectors. No further human cases of acute Chagas disease were diagnosed. No locally captured vectors or reservoirs were found infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Alternative transmission hypotheses - such as the possible ingestion of foods contaminated with vector excreta - are discussed, as well as the need to keep previously endemic regions and infested houses under close surveillance. Clinicians should give due attention to such signs as uni- or bilateral palpebral edema, cardiac failure, myocarditis, pericarditis, anasarca and atypical signs of nephrotic syndrome or nephritis and consider the diagnostic hypothesis of Chagas disease.Desde a década de 1970 não se notificavam casos autóctones de doença de Chagas aguda em São Paulo. Em março de 2006 a Vigilância Epidemiológica registrou óbito por doença de Chagas aguda, em Itaporanga, de paciente de seis anos de idade. Exame histopatológico post mortem realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu confirmou o diagnóstico. Consultamos prontuários de hospitais e entrevistamos profissionais de saúde envolvidos além de familiares do paciente. Descrevemos medidas adotadas in loco para identificar a via de transmissão, reservatórios e vetores. Discutimos as possíveis fontes de infecção. Na região não foram identificados outros casos humanos, vetores ou reservatórios vertebrados infectados por Trypanosoma cruzi. Salientamos a importância de manter a vigilância, mesmo em áreas onde a transmissão de doença de Chagas está interrompida e naquelas ainda infestadas por triatomíneos. Deve-se admitir a hipótese diagnóstica de doença de Chagas quando observados: edema palpebral (uni ou bilateral), insuficiência cardíaca, miocardite, pericardite, anasarca, quadros similares aos de síndrome nefrótica ou glomerulonefrite sem causas outras aparentes, em pacientes com dados epidemiológicos positivos. Encontro, mesmo em raras ocasiões, de triatomíneos na região ou ainda contato com alimento contaminável com formas infectantes de T. cruzi

Fundações públicas da bahia, sergipe e alagoas: anotações sobre o apoio ao desenvolvimento científico em 2016 / Public foundations of bahia, sergipe and alagoas: notes on the support for scientific development in 2016

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar dados sobre o apoio das Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa dos estados de Alagoas, Bahia e Sergipe, durante o ano de 2016. Reconhece-se a importância dessas instituições para o ensino superior para a produção de conhecimento de docentes, discentes vinculados as universidades. Por meio do mapeamento dos editais publicados nos sites das Fundações dos três estados, buscou-se identificar as finalidades dos editais com destaque para pesquisa. Foram identificadas além de propostas direcionadas para pesquisas, editais voltados à concessão de bolsas de estudo, editais abordando atividades visando a consolidação da po?s-graduac?a?o, outros com foco na organização de eventos e editais estimulando pesquisadores a apresentação de trabalhos em eventos científicos

I Diretriz brasileira de cardio-oncologia pediátrica da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia

Sociedade Brasileira de Oncologia PediátricaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica GRAACCUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Instituto do Coração do Hospital das ClínicasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreInstituto Materno-Infantil de PernambucoHospital de Base de BrasíliaUniversidade de Pernambuco Hospital Universitário Oswaldo CruzHospital A.C. CamargoHospital do CoraçãoSociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia Departamento de Cardiopatias Congênitas e Cardiologia PediátricaInstituto Nacional de CâncerHospital Pequeno PríncipeSanta Casa de Misericórdia de São PauloInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São PauloUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de PatologiaHospital Infantil Joana de GusmãoUNIFESP, Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica GRAACCUNIFESP, Depto. de PatologiaSciEL

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio