Telomere protein complexes and their role in lymphoid malignancies

Telomeres are highly regulated and dynamic complexes that protect the genomic DNA and prevent the end of linear chromosomes from being misrecognized as a broken DNA. Due to the end replication problem, telomeres of somatic cells shorten with each cell division, inducing cell senescence. Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase capable of compensating telomere attrition by adding telomere repeats to the ends of chromosomes. Human telomeres are associated with the shelterin complex which consists of six telomere-associated proteins that specifically bind to telomeric DNA. Alterations or removal of individual shelterin components would lead to telomere uncapping and telomere dysfunction, resulting in cellular senescence and transformation to a malignant state. Another complex of multifunctional proteins, named non-shelterin complex, is thought to prevent telomere degradation and facilitate telomerase-based telomere elongation. As telomerase is highly expressed in most human tumor cells, it is considered an attractive target for new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will summarize the characteristics of telomeres and telomerase in lymphoid malignancies and discuss the role of telomere-associated proteins in these entities.Fil: Panero, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Dos Santos, Patricia Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentina. Laboratorio de Genética de Neoplasias Linfoides; ArgentinaFil: Slavutsky, Irma Rosa. Laboratorio de Genética de Neoplasias Linfoides; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentin

Effects of concentric, ecentric and conventional force training of the lower limbs on muscle adaptations and functional capacity in elderly adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Introdução: O atual aumento da expectativa de vida da população mundial trouxe um aumento nas adaptações devido ao envelhecimento (por exemplo, perdas neuronais, diminuição da força muscular, diminuição estrutura muscular e diminuição da capacidade funcional). O treinamento de força é uma medida eficaz para melhorar esses resultados perdidos devido ao envelhecimento. No entanto, ainda não há consenso sobre qual tipo de treinamento, excêntrico (ECC), concêntrico (CON) ou convencional (CONV), é superior em reduzindo esses efeitos deletérios do envelhecimento. Métodos: Ensaios clínicos randomizados (RCTs) que treinamento de força utilizado (CONV, ECC ou CON) em idosos saudáveis. As buscas foram realizadas nas seguintes bases de dados: Pubmed, PEDro, Cochrane Central, Embase e Web of Science. Esta revisão sistemática por meta-análise foi baseada nas recomendações do Colaboração Cochrane e PRISMA. Os principais resultados e parâmetros da função muscular, adaptações musculares e testes de funcionalidade foram avaliados por dois revisores independentes. Para cada resultado, os valores de média e desvio padrão e o número de participantes de ambos grupos foram extraídos. Análises qualitativas e quantitativas dos estudos incluídos foram realizadas. Resultados: Nove estudos foram incluídos, apresentando alto risco de viés de estudo. As metanálises não revelaram diferenças entre os estudos, apresentando uma qualidade de evidência muito baixa. Ao analisar os estudos qualitativamente e os tamanhos de efeito, houve uma pequena vantagem nos parâmetros avaliados para o grupo de treinamento ECC. Conclusão: Melhora semelhante foi observada em todas as modalidades de treinamento em idosos saudáveis, embora uma análise qualitativa pareça favorecer o treinamento de força ECC. No entanto, um número maior de testes randomizados de alta qualidade e ensaios controlados são necessários, para confirmar essa hipótese.Introduction: The current increase in life expectancy of the world population has brought an increase in adaptations due to aging (e.g., neuronal losses, decreased muscle strength, decreased muscle structure and decreased functional capacity). Strength training is an effective measure to improve these lost results due to aging. However, there is still no consensus on which type of training, eccentric (ECC), concentric (CON) or conventional (CONV), is superior in reducing these deleterious aging effects. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used strength training (CONV, ECC or CON) in healthy elderly were included. Searches were performed in the following databases: Pubmed, PEDro, Cochrane Central, Embase and Web of Science. This systematic review by meta-analysis was based on the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA. The main results and parameters of muscle function, muscle adaptations and functionality tests were evaluated by two independent reviewers. For each result, the mean and standard deviation values and the number of participants from both groups were extracted. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the included studies were performed. Results: Nine studies were included, presenting a high risk of study bias. Metaanalyses revealed no difference between studies, presenting a very low quality of evidence. While analyzing studies qualitatively and the effect sizes, there was a small advantage in the evaluated parameters for the ECC training group. Conclusion: Similar improvement was observed in all training modalities in healthy older adults, although a qualitative analysis seems to favor ECC strength training. However, a larger number of high-quality randomized controlled trials is needed to confirm this hypothesis

Male Orchid Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) in Canopy and Understory of Amazon Várzea Floodplain Forest. I. Microclimatic, Seasonal and Faunal Aspects

Várzea floodplain forests are important ecosystems of the Amazon basin. Our goal was to verify whether orchid bee males have stratum preference in a forest with a dynamic understory. Traps were placed at 25 m and 1.5 m with aromatic scents to lure the bees. Data loggers were used to register temperature and relative humidity in both heights. Of 835 sampled males belonging to 28 species, 645 males from 23 species were collected at the understory. Temperature was 1.4º C higher at the canopy and relative humidity was 11.58% higher at the understory. Temperature, relative humidity, wind and tidal levels were the most important abiotic variables influencing mainly the canopy assemblage. The understory is a more stable environment, presenting good conditions to survival of the males. The species Euglossa cognata Moure, Eulaema meriana Olivier and Euglossa ignita Smith were closely related to strata and seasons

The importance of the industrialization of Brazilian shale when faced with the world energy scenario

Esse artigo discute a importância da industrialização do xisto brasileiro, tendo, como base, fatores como: seguridade do sistema de energia nacional, a geopolítica mundial do petróleo, quantidade dos recursos, custo de produção, preço do petróleo, impactos ambientais e as reservas de petróleo nacionais. O trabalho mostra que a industrialização do xisto sempre surge quando questões como as do peak oil ou da geopolítica do petróleo aparecem como fatores que colocam o preço do barril de petróleo em patamares irreais. O artigo conclui que, para o caso do Brasil, o xisto pode ser classificado como recurso estratégico, viável economicamente, graças ao sucesso no desenvolvimento da tecnologia de retortagem para extração do óleo, do volume de recursos e do preço do barril de petróleo. O artigo apresenta, também, a conclusão de que o xisto pode ser o fator impulsionador para a formação de um parque tecnológico em São Mateus do Sul, necessário devido à dependência econômica do município em relação à Petrosix.This article discusses the importance of the industrialization of Brazilian shale based on factors such as: security of the national energy system security, global oil geopoliticsl, resources available, production costs, oil prices, environmental impacts and the national oil reserves. The study shows that the industrialization of shale always arises when issues such as peak oil or its geopolitics appear as factors that raise the price of oil to unrealistic levels. The article concludes that in the Brazilian case, shale oil may be classified as a strategic resource, economically viable, currently in development by the success of the retorting technology for extraction of shale oil and the price of crude oil. The article presents the conclusion that shale may be the driving factor for the formation of a technology park in São Mateus do Sul, due to the city's economic dependence on Petrosix

Vinho novo em odres velhos: sociedade de massa, espetacularização e novas tecnologias em Black Mirror

O texto trata-se de uma resenha crítica do livro Isso (não) é muito Black Mirror, lançado por André Lemos, em 2018. Nele o autor discute como, apesar de tocar em temas caros à comunicação – como sociedade midiática, mídias digitais, redes sociais, as questões do corpo, da vigilância e demais tecnologias – a série apenas tangencia questões cruciais do século passado. Mesmo que sem negar a importância dos temas discutidos, o livro faz uma crítica às abordagens já ultrapassadas de Black Mirror, que nem de longe conseguem vislumbrar os atuais problemas e desafios da contemporaneidade. Por trás de uma perspectiva que aparentemente fala do futuro, o que se tem, na realidade, são novas tecnologias sendo apresentadas com roupagens velhas.This text is a critical review of the book Isso (não) é muito Black Mirror, released by André Lemos in 2018. The author discusses how, despite touching important themes to Communication – such as media society, digital media, social networks, issues of the body, surveillance and other technologies – the television series only touches on crucial  issues of the last century. Even without denying the importance of the topics discussed,the book critiques the outdated approaches of Black Mirror, which are nowhere near able to glimpse the current problems and challenges of contemporary times. Behind a perspective that apparently speaks of the future, what we have, in reality, are new technologies being presented in old clothes

Política alimentar brasileira: fome e obesidade, uma história de carências = Brazilian food policy: hunger and obesity, a history of deprivation

O presente artigo tem como foco o fato de como as políticas sociais vêm atentando, no Brasil, à questão da alimentação. Assim, este artigo pretende analisar a questão da fome, da desnutrição e da obesidade da população brasileira. Historicamente, a luta contra a fome tem sido uma preocupação central e, paradoxalmente, a obesidade atinge índices de epidemia. Ao longo do período brasileiro, ocorreram lutas em torno da fome e, em resposta, foram apresentados planos e ações governamentais, ainda não satisfatórios; a questão ampliou-se da fome à obesidade e hoje se sugere que os debates do Estado brasileiro precisam considerar o caráter especial da política pública: o seu propósito emancipatório. Neste contexto, o Serviço Social tem o compromisso de abordar esta realidade, lançando um olhar para a totalidade do fenômeno, desvendando e compreendendo as contradições inerentes à fome e obesidad

Bullying in Brazilian schools and restorative practices

Bullying is a widespread phenomenon that affects many children and adolescents in Brazilian schools. A pilot research study was carried out in four schools (one private and three public) located in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. A combination of self-administered questionnaires and focus groups with students as well as interviews with teachers were undertaken to investigate the prevalence of bullying and how restorative practices can help to deal with conflict. Approximately 80% of the student participants in the study reported having experienced bullying in the school setting. Restorative practices implemented in these schools appear to contribute to the improvement of the school climate through reparative dialogue.Keywords: Bullying, schools, culture of peace, restorative practicesL’intimidation est un phénomène largement répandu qui touche beaucoup d’enfants et adolescents dans les écoles brésiliennes. Une pilote de recherche-étude a été effectuée en quatres écoles (un privé, et trois publics), situé à Porto Alegre, RS, Brésil. Auto-appliqué des questionnaires et groupes de discussion avec les étudiants et d’entrevues avec les enseignants ont été entrepris pour enquêter sur la prévalence de l’intimidation, et comment les pratiques réparatrices peut aider à régler les conflits. Environs 80 p. 100 des étudiants ont connu l’intimidation à un moment dans leur vie dans ces écoles. Justice réparatrice pratiques mises en oeuvre dans ces écoles contribuent à l’amélioration de l’école climat grâce au dialogue.Mots-clés: L’intimidation, écoles, culture de la paix, pratiques réparatric

CREATION AND VALIDATION OF AN INSTRUMENT ON NEOPLASTIC WOUND MANAGEMENT FOR NURSES' TRAINING

Objective: to create and validate the face and content of an instrument for training nurses in neoplastic wound care.Method: a methodological research study with a quantitative approach, carried out in three stages: scoping review; creation of the instrument; and face and content validation. Data collection took place between October 2021 and February 2022 in Niterói - RJ - Brazil. The Content Validation Index and Fleiss Generalized Kappa were used.Results: the final instrument consists of the following phases: definition of neoplastic wound; wound classification; staging; pain and odor rating scales; Nursing care; and management of signs and symptoms. The content was validated reaching a Content Validation Index > 0.80 and an agreement level between the judges > 75%, as established.Conclusion: validation of the instrument will contribute to reducing the gap indicated in the literature on Nursing care in relation to neoplastic wounds, in addition to its application to Nursing teaching and services