Morbidade referida, situação vacinal e acesso a serviços de saúde por pré-escolares

    Modelo de estudo: estudo de prevalência. Objetivos do estudo: Identificar os principais motivos de busca de atendimento nos serviços de saúde básica de crianças de três a seis anos de idade, bem como verificar a situação vacinal dessas crianças e a frequência com que buscam a unidade de saúde. Metodologia: Foram analisados 370 prontuários de crianças com idades entre três e seis anos, atendidas em quatro Núcleos de Saúde da Família e uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, colhendo-se informações sobre sexo, idade, número de consultas nos últimos 12 meses, situação vacinal e queixas apresentadas. As queixas foram organizadas em 28 categorias de acordo com o problema ou o órgão atingido. Foram calculadas frequência e porcentagem de todas as queixas e calculados os índices de consultas ao ano e cobertura vacinal. Resultados: As queixas que ocorreram com maior frequência foram: tosse, febre, problemas no nariz, problemas na pele ou couro cabeludo, problemas digestivos, queda de apetite ou perda de peso, problemas emocionais ou comportamentais, dores abdominais, problemas respiratórios ou pulmonares, problemas no ouvido. Apenas 3,2% das crianças estavam com suas vacinas atrasadas e o número médio de consultas foi de 3,56. Conclusões: Embora a tendência no atendimento básico em saúde seja enfatizar os aspectos de prevenção e promoção de saúde, ainda há um privilégio da dimensão física no olhar dos profissionais e na busca pelos serviços. Faz-se necessária maior atenção aos aspectos psicossociais da saúde. Paper design: prevalence study. Objective: To identify the major reasons that lead children aged 3 to 6 years to seek medical assistance at basic health care centers as well as to review their vaccination status and to determine at which frequency they attend to health care stations. Methods: A total of 370 medical records of children between 3 and 6 years old assisted at four Family Health Centers and one Basic Health Care Center were reviewed. Information regarding sex, age, number of consultations within the past 12 months, vaccination status and complaints reported at visits were collected. The complaints were organized in 28 categories according to the problem or affected organ. The frequency and percentage of all complaints were calculated as well as the indices of medical consultations per year and the vaccination coverage..Results: The most predominantly found complaints were cough, fever, nose problems, skin/scalp problems, gastric disorders, lack of appetite or loss of weight, emotional or behavioral disturbances, abdominal pains, respiratory and pulmonary disorders and ear problems. Only 3.2% of the children were not with their vaccination card updated and the number of consultations was 3.56 on average. Conclusions: Although the basic health care assistance tends to emphasize the aspects of prevention and heath promotion, there still is a privilege of the physical dimension at health promoters' sight and also in the search for assistance. The psychosocial aspects of health care should receive more attention. 

O ENSINO DA PSICOLOGIA NA GRADUAÇÃO DE FONOAUDIOLOGIA

The National Curricular Directives of the Undergraduate Speech Therapy Course consider contents in the area of Psychology to be among the essential topics for the training of these professionals. Psychology plays an important role in the training of speech professionals, permitting the understanding of behavioral and psychic phenomena and of the relations among human beings and their developmental contexts. Thus, it expands the understanding of healthy or pathological communication processes and complements the clinical training of these professionals based on knowledge about techniques of patient management. However, a survey of the curricular variety of Speech Therapy courses reveals that the number and content of Psychology disciplines taught in these courses are quite diverse. As teachers of undergraduate courses in a specialty different from ours and as administrator of the Department, we have been concerned about elaborating programs that will articulate knowledge and will satisfy the needs of training professionals, preparing them to carry out their activities in an autonomous manner. With the recent implantation of the Speech Therapy course at the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, we are conducting studies aiming at the refinement of the disciplines proposed, especially in the area of Psychology, in order to satisfy the professional needs of speech therapists and the demands of the work market.As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Fonoaudiologia prevê, entre os temas essenciais para a formação deste profissional, conteúdos da área da Psicologia. Esta assume um papel importante na formação do profissional da fala, possibilitando a compreensão dos fenômenos comportamentais, psíquicos e também das relações entre os seres humanos e seus contextos de desenvolvimento, ampliando, assim, a compreensão dos processos de comunicação saudáveis ou patológicos e complementando sua formação clínica a partir de conhecimentos sobre técnicas de manejo dos pacientes. Entretanto, acompanhando a variedade dos currículos dos cursos de Fonoaudiologia, também é bastante diverso o número e o conteúdo das disciplinas de Psicologia ministradas nos cursos. Enquanto docentes de cursos de graduação em especialidades diversa da nossa, e como administradora do Departamento, temos nos preocupado em elaborar programas que articulem os saberes e atendam à necessidade do profissional em formação, preparando-o para exercer suas atividades de forma autônoma. Com a recente implantação do curso de Fonoaudiologia na Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, estamos realizando estudos visando aprimorar os programas das disciplinas propostas, especialmente na área de Psicologia, de modo a atender às necessidades profissionais do fonoaudiólogo e às demandas do mercado de trabalho

Urinary Nitric Oxide levels are associated with blood pressure, fruit and vegetable intake and total polyphenol excretion in adolescents from the SI! Program

first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessArticle Urinary Nitric Oxide Levels Are Associated with Blood Pressure, Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Total Polyphenol Excretion in Adolescents from the SI! Program by Sonia L. Ramírez-Garza 1ORCID,Emily P. Laveriano-Santos 1,2ORCID,Camila Arancibia-Riveros 1,Jose C. Carrasco-Jimenez 3,Patricia Bodega 4,5ORCID,Amaya de Cos-Gandoy 4,5ORCID,Mercedes de Miguel 4,5,Gloria Santos-Beneit 4,6,Juan Miguel Fernández-Alvira 5ORCID,Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez 5,7,8,Jesús Martínez-Gómez 5ORCID,Ramón Estruch 2,9ORCID,Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós 1,2ORCID andAnna Tresserra-Rimbau 1,2,*ORCID 1 Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l’Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d’Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain 2 Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain 3 Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain 4 Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain 5 Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain 6 The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA 7 Hospital Universitario Clinico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain 8 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain 9 Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2140; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112140 Received: 4 October 2022 / Revised: 21 October 2022 / Accepted: 25 October 2022 / Published: 28 October 2022 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Health) Download Browse Figures Review Reports Versions Notes Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is important to cardiovascular health (CVH), and its bioavailability could be regulated by the antioxidant effect of polyphenols, improving endothelial function and consequently blood pressure (BP). However, scant research has been carried out on NO and CVH correlates in adolescent populations. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the association between NO and the CVH status and other health factors in adolescents. NO, total polyphenol excretion (TPE), anthropometric measurements, BP, blood lipid profile, blood glucose, diet, physical activity, and smoking status were recorded, while CVH score was classified as ideal, intermediate, and poor. Negative associations were observed between NO and body mass index, body fat percentage, BP, and triglycerides; and positive associations between NO and skeletal muscle percentage, HDL-cholesterol, fruit and vegetable intake, and TPE was observed. To capture more complex interactions among different factors, multiple linear regression was performed, obtaining a significant association between NO and fruit and vegetable intake (β = 0.175), TPE (β = 0.225), and systolic BP (β = −0.235). We conclude that urinary NO levels are positively associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants such as polyphenols and negatively associated with systolic BP.Peer Reviewed"Article signat per 14 autors/es:" Sonia L. Ramírez-Garza, Emily P. Laveriano-Santos, Camila Arancibia-Riveros, Jose C. Carrasco-Jimenez, Patricia Bodega, Amaya de Cos-Gandoy, Mercedes de Miguel, Gloria Santos-Beneit, Juan Miguel Fernández-Alvira,Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez,Jesús Martínez-Gómez, Ramón Estruch, Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós, and Anna Tresserra-Rimbau"Postprint (published version

Downstream transport processes modulate the effects of environmental heterogeneity on riverine phytoplankton

Environmental heterogeneity (EH) in space and time promotes niche-partition, which leads to high variation in biological communities, such as in algae. In streams, EH is highly related to the intensity of the water flow and may lead to community variation mainly during the low flow conditions. Despite the wide knowledge on the responses of phytoplankton communities to EH in lentic and semi-lentic systems, studies of riverine phytoplankton community variation are still scarce. Here, we first investigated the relationship between phytoplankton community variation and EH in different courses of the river and between seasons. We expected that under low or intermediate flow conditions, there is a positive correlation between community variation and EH. Alternatively, we did not expect any relationship between EH and community variation under high flow condition because stronger downstream transport would mask environmental filtering. We sampled nine sites monthly (May 2012 to April 2013) in a tropical river of Brazilian Southeast. We calculated EH from abiotic data whereas for community variation, here community distinctiveness (CD), we used Sorensen (CDSor) and Bray-Curtis (CDBray) dissimilarities. Differences in EH, CDSor and CDBray were tested at between-season and among-course levels. We found lower distinctiveness during the dry season when EH was the highest. Contrastingly, phytoplankton CD was the highest even when EH was low during the wet season. We found that this pattern raised from the increasing in individuals dispersal during the wet season, promoting mass effects. Finally, our results thus reject the first hypothesis and show a negative relationship between EH and distinctiveness. However, results support our alternative hypothesis and show that during the wet season, distinctiveness is not driven by EH. These results provide new insights into how EH drives community variation, being useful for both basic research about riverine algal communities and biomonitoring programs using phytoplankton communities as bioindicators. (C). 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Development of a manometric monitoring method for early detection of air microbiological contamination in the bloodstream

Atmospheric air is a microbial habitat of pathogenic bioaerosols that may pose serious risks to humans. A commonly laboratory-based approach for the diagnosis of such infections in the bloodstream is the blood culture analysis. Its clinical relevance is attributed to the fact that these infections are characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality, requiring the need for efficient methods for rapid diagnosis. For this reason, our study aimed to develop a method of manometric monitoring for the rapid detection of viable microorganisms in blood culture vials. A methodology was developed to detect pressure variation in intra-vials through a manometric instrument that was coupled to vials of blood culture containing culture broth that allowed microbial growth. This device allowed the early detection of microbial activity based on the production or use of intra-flask gases as a result of microbial metabolic activity. The analyzed variables were the pressure as a function of time, microbial species, and culture medium. The highest pressure found in the flasks without microorganisms was 40 mmHg between 2 and 6 h, and the lowest pressure was 42 mmHg between 21 and 24 h. The variation of the internal pressure in blood culture flasks according to different groups of microorganisms as a function of time demonstrated that the fermentative gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci exhibited a significant increase in relation to their respective control groups (p < 0.001). The non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli showed expected results in relation to the pressure variation in which the production of negative pressures was noticed during the period of analysis, with a significant difference with respect to their control groups (p < 0.001). The developed methodology for the early detection of microorganisms responsible for bloodstream infection was demonstrated to be effective.e Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe-Program Centelha (FAPITEC/SE) and by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) through the project UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund) funded by national funds, and co-financed Education (FCT/MEC) from national funds and FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate lifestyle-related behaviors in elementary school children

Background The SI! Program promotes cardiovascular health through a multilevel school-based intervention on four lifestyle-related components: diet, physical activity, understanding the body and heart, and management of emotions. We report here the development and validation of the KAH (knowledge, attitudes and habits)-questionnaire adapted for elementary school children (6-7 years old) as a tool for the forthcoming evaluation of the SI! Program, where the KAH scoring will be the primary outcome. The efficacy of such an intervention will be based on the improvements in children's KAH towards a healthy lifestyle. Methods The questionnaire validation process started with a pool of items proposed by the pedagogical team who developed the SI! Program for elementary school. The questionnaire was finalized by decreasing the number of items from 155 to 48 using expert panels and statistical tests on the responses from 384 children (ages 6-7). A team of specialized psychologists administered the questionnaire at schools providing standard directions for the final administration. The internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficients. Reliability was measured through the split-half method, and problematic items were detected applying the item response theory. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test of additivity were used for multiple comparisons. Results The final KAH-questionnaire for elementary school children should be administered to children individually by trained staff. The 48 items-questionnaire is divided evenly between the 4 components of the intervention, with an overall Cronbach's α = 0.791 (α = 0.526 for diet, α = 0.537 for physical activity, α = 0.523 for human body and heart, and α = 0.537 for management of emotions). Conclusions The KAH-questionnaire is a reliable instrument to assess the efficacy of the SI! Program on instilling healthy lifestyle-related behaviors in elementary school children

Cell Expansion-Dependent Inflammatory and Metabolic Profile of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising new area in regenerative medicine allowing the recovery of viable tissues. Among the many sources of adult stem cells, bone marrow-derived are easy to expand in culture via plastic adherence and their multipotentiality for differentiation make them ideal for clinical applications. Interestingly, several studies have indicated that MSCs expansion in vitro may be limited mainly due to cell aging related to the number of cell divisions in culture. We have determined that MSCs exhibit a progressive decline across successive passages in the expression of stem cell markers, in plasticity and in the inflammatory response, presenting low immunogenicity. We have exposed human MSCs after several passages to TLRs ligands and analyzed their inflammatory response. These cells responded to pro-inflammatory stimuli (i.e., NOS-2 expression) and to anti-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., HO1 and Arg1) until two expansions, rapidly declining upon subculture. Moreover, in the first passages, MSCs were capable to release IL1β, IL6 and IL8, as well as to produce active MMPs allowing them to migrate. Interestingly enough, after two passages, anaerobic glycolysis was enhanced releasing high levels of lactate to the extracellular medium. All these results may have important implications for the safety and efficacy of MSCs-based cell therapies

Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate lifestyle-related behaviors in elementary school children

Background: The SI! Program promotes cardiovascular health through a multilevel school-based intervention on four lifestyle-related components: diet, physical activity, understanding the body and heart, and management of emotions. We report here the development and validation of the KAH (knowledge, attitudes and habits)-questionnaire adapted for elementary school children (6-7 years old) as a tool for the forthcoming evaluation of the SI! Program, where the KAH scoring will be the primary outcome. The efficacy of such an intervention will be based on the improvements in children's KAH towards a healthy lifestyle. Methods: The questionnaire validation process started with a pool of items proposed by the pedagogical team who developed the SI! Program for elementary school. The questionnaire was finalized by decreasing the number of items from 155 to 48 using expert panels and statistical tests on the responses from 384 children (ages 6-7). A team of specialized psychologists administered the questionnaire at schools providing standard directions for the final administration. The internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's a coefficients. Reliability was measured through the split-half method, and problematic items were detected applying the item response theory. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test of additivity were used for multiple comparisons. Results: The final KAH-questionnaire for elementary school children should be administered to children individually by trained staff. The 48 items-questionnaire is divided evenly between the 4 components of the intervention, with an overall Cronbach's a = 0.791 (a = 0.526 for diet, a = 0.537 for physical activity, a = 0.523 for human body and heart, and a = 0.537 for management of emotions). Conclusions: The KAH-questionnaire is a reliable instrument to assess the efficacy of the SI! Program on instilling healthy lifestyle-related behaviors in elementary school children.This work is supported by the SHE Foundation (Foundation for Science, Health and Education) and the Daniel and Nina Carasso Foundation.S

Identification of archaeal proteins that affect the exosome function in vitro

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The archaeal exosome is formed by a hexameric RNase PH ring and three RNA binding subunits and has been shown to bind and degrade RNA <it>in vitro</it>. Despite extensive studies on the eukaryotic exosome and on the proteins interacting with this complex, little information is yet available on the identification and function of archaeal exosome regulatory factors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here, we show that the proteins PaSBDS and PaNip7, which bind preferentially to poly-A and AU-rich RNAs, respectively, affect the <it>Pyrococcus abyssi </it>exosome activity <it>in vitro</it>. PaSBDS inhibits slightly degradation of a poly-rA substrate, while PaNip7 strongly inhibits the degradation of poly-A and poly-AU by the exosome. The exosome inhibition by PaNip7 appears to depend at least partially on its interaction with RNA, since mutants of PaNip7 that no longer bind RNA, inhibit the exosome less strongly. We also show that FITC-labeled PaNip7 associates with the exosome in the absence of substrate RNA.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Given the high structural homology between the archaeal and eukaryotic proteins, the effect of archaeal Nip7 and SBDS on the exosome provides a model for an evolutionarily conserved exosome control mechanism.</p

Persistence Strategy of \u3cem\u3ePanicum Maximum\u3c/em\u3e cv. Tanzania in Grazed Pastures

In many cases, tiller age cohorts survival diagrams show seasonal increases or decreases in rates of tiller birth and death, which may be regarded as persistence strategy (Matthew et al., 2000). The aim of this work was to analyse tiller demographic information of P. maximum cv. Tanzania to determine its persistence strategy