EFFECT OF THE LARVAL DENSITY OF Chrysodeixis includens (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) ON COTTON YIELD

EFEITO DE DENSIDADES DE Chrysodeixis includens (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) NA PRODUTIVIDADE DO ALGODOEIRO A existência de plantios de soja próximos aos de algodão tem favorecido a migração de espécies de lepidópteros-praga entre essas culturas, como a falsa-medideira, Chrysodeixis includens, praga desfolhadora da soja, mas que está atacando o algodoeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar qual a densidade de lagartas de C. includens que causa redução na produtividade do algodoeiro. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 16 lagartas.metro-1) e cinco repetições. As plantas da cultivar FM 944GL, no estádio F2, foram infestadas com lagartas em terceiro instar, protegidas por gaiola de PVC (1,0 m x 1,0 m x 1,6 m (C x L x H)) revestida com organza. Os dados de produção e desfolha foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e análise de regressão. De acordo com os resultados constatou-se que a presença de duas lagartas.m-1, de terceiro instar, de C. includens não afetou a produtividade do algodoeiro na fase F2; e a partir de quatro lagartas.m-1 de terceiro instar houve redução na produtividade do algodoeiro. Nos tratamentos com duas, quatro, seis, oito e dezesseis lagartas a desfolha foi de 4%, 10%, 6%, 13% e 24%, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: Gossypium hirsutum; falsa-medideira; herbivoria; manejo. ABSTRACT: The cultivation of soybean near to cotton areas has favored the migration of lepidopteran pests between those crops, including the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens, which usually attacks soybean leaves but can also attack cotton plants. The objective of this study is to identify the density of C. includens larvae capable of decreasing cotton productivity. Six treatments (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16 larvae.meter-1) with five replications were arranged in a completely randomized block design. Plants of cultivar FM 944GL at stage F2 were protected by PVC cages (length, 1.0 m; width, 1.0 m, height, 1.6 m) covered with organza fabric and infested with third-instar larvae. Crop yield and defoliation data were subjected to analysis of variance using the F-test and regression analysis. The results indicated that the presence of two third-instar larvae.m-1 did not affect cotton yield in the F2 phase whereas four or more third-instar larvae.m-1 decreased cotton yield. The rate of defoliation was 4%, 10%, 6%, 13%, and 24% in the treatments with two, four, six, eight, and sixteen larvae, respectively.Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum; soybean looper; herbivory; management

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

EFFECT OF THE LARVAL DENSITY OF Chrysodeixis includens (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) ON COTTON YIELD

EFEITO DE DENSIDADES DE Chrysodeixis includens (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) NA PRODUTIVIDADE DO ALGODOEIRO A existência de plantios de soja próximos aos de algodão tem favorecido a migração de espécies de lepidópteros-praga entre essas culturas, como a falsa-medideira, Chrysodeixis includens, praga desfolhadora da soja, mas que está atacando o algodoeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar qual a densidade de lagartas de C. includens que causa redução na produtividade do algodoeiro. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 16 lagartas.metro-1) e cinco repetições. As plantas da cultivar FM 944GL, no estádio F2, foram infestadas com lagartas em terceiro instar, protegidas por gaiola de PVC (1,0 m x 1,0 m x 1,6 m (C x L x H)) revestida com organza. Os dados de produção e desfolha foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e análise de regressão. De acordo com os resultados constatou-se que a presença de duas lagartas.m-1, de terceiro instar, de C. includens não afetou a produtividade do algodoeiro na fase F2; e a partir de quatro lagartas.m-1 de terceiro instar houve redução na produtividade do algodoeiro. Nos tratamentos com duas, quatro, seis, oito e dezesseis lagartas a desfolha foi de 4%, 10%, 6%, 13% e 24%, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: Gossypium hirsutum; falsa-medideira; herbivoria; manejo. ABSTRACT: The cultivation of soybean near to cotton areas has favored the migration of lepidopteran pests between those crops, including the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens, which usually attacks soybean leaves but can also attack cotton plants. The objective of this study is to identify the density of C. includens larvae capable of decreasing cotton productivity. Six treatments (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16 larvae.meter-1) with five replications were arranged in a completely randomized block design. Plants of cultivar FM 944GL at stage F2 were protected by PVC cages (length, 1.0 m; width, 1.0 m, height, 1.6 m) covered with organza fabric and infested with third-instar larvae. Crop yield and defoliation data were subjected to analysis of variance using the F-test and regression analysis. The results indicated that the presence of two third-instar larvae.m-1 did not affect cotton yield in the F2 phase whereas four or more third-instar larvae.m-1 decreased cotton yield. The rate of defoliation was 4%, 10%, 6%, 13%, and 24% in the treatments with two, four, six, eight, and sixteen larvae, respectively.Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum; soybean looper; herbivory; management

Reference service in university libraries: in search of efficiency for the management of information and knowledge

We present the results of a study done in the course of carrying out the discipline Practice Management Information Unit, Faculty of Biblioteconomia/ICSAUFPA, under the coordination of Professor Williams Jorge C. Pinheiro. In this phase, we developed study on the efficiency of service in university libraries in the University Campus of Guamá-UFPA, in Belem, Pa. The project aims to implement a series of actions that seek to contribute to a better use of spaces in university libraries, with priority to propose expanding the number of information services at the user service area, making its most effective results, the point of view of the management of information and knowledge. It was adopted as a methodology to develop the project through annual plans, depending on the progress of semesters at UFPA. Based on plans that are defined, it was desirable to integrate the actions with the areas of teaching, research and extension. He appealed to the brainstorming technique to define the actions implemented; held meetings with active librarians in university libraries; applied research questionnaires with users; evaluated the level of satisfaction of the user service sector; It sought to determine the degree of interest in new services offered by libraries; held literature on resources used for efficiency in the aspects of accessibility of the law, and finally a meeting was presented the results for some of the campus librarians. The study had as target students of various courses of UFPA, with sampling of 400 students participating, representing 10% of users / day attending libraries Campus Guamá. Thus it reached to 362 students (88%) and 38 undergraduate students (12%) graduate, investigating the level of user satisfaction, especially on the reference services that libraries offer.Apresentam-se os resultados de em estudo feito no decorrer da realização da disciplina Prática de Gestão de Unidades de Informação, da Faculdade de Biblioteconomia/ICSA-UFPA, sob a coordenação do professor Williams Jorge C. Pinheiro. Nessa fase, desenvolveu-se estudo sobre a eficiência do atendimento em bibliotecas universitárias do Campus Universitário do Guamá-UFPA, em Belém-PA. O projeto tem como principal objetivo implantar uma série de ações que busquem contribuir para melhor utilização dos espaços em bibliotecas universitárias, com a prioridade de propor a expansão do número de serviços de informação na área de atendimento ao usuário, tornando seus resultados mais eficazes, do ponto de vista da gestão da informação e do conhecimento. Adotou-se como metodologia desenvolver o projeto por meio de planos anuais, conforme o andamento dos períodos letivos na UFPA. Com base nos planos que serão definidos, foi oportuno integrar as ações com as áreas do ensino, da pesquisa e da extensão. Recorreu-se à técnica do brainstorming para definir ações implantadas; foram realizadas reuniões com os bibliotecários atuantes em Bibliotecas universitárias; foram aplicados questionários de pesquisa junto aos usuários; avaliou-se o nível de satisfação sobre o setor de atendimento ao usuário; buscou-se conhecer o grau de interesse por novos serviços oferecidos por bibliotecas; realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica sobre recursos utilizados para eficiência nos aspectos da Lei da Acessibilidade e, finalmente, em uma reunião, foram apresentados os resultados para alguns bibliotecários do campus. O estudo teve como público alvo estudantes de diversos cursos da UFPA, com amostragem de 400 alunos participantes, o que representa 10% de usuários/dia que frequentam as bibliotecas do Campus do Guamá. Dessa forma, atingiuse 362 alunos (88%) de graduação e 38 alunos (12%) de pós-graduação, investigando-se o nível de satisfação dos usuários, especialmente, sobre o serviço de referênciaatendimento que as bibliotecas oferecem