The Impacts of the Low-FODMAP Diet on the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms: Possibilities, Feasibility, and Alternatives

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal (GI) condition characterized by a myriad of GI symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, nutrient malabsorption) that vary in severity. Due to its complex and individual nature, there is no known cure for IBS, but many diets have been assessed for their viability in managing symptoms. The low-FODMAP diet has recently been investigated for its potential benefits for IBS patients. FODMAPs, or Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols are short- and medium-chain carbohydrates that are poorly absorbed in the small intestine and are prone to absorb water and ferment in the colon. Consumption of these FODMAPs correlates with increasing severity of IBS symptoms. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial systematic review was to compile various evidence-based dietary recommendations for the low-FODMAP diet for adult patients suffering from IBS from randomized controlled and clinical trials. The possibilities, feasibilities, and potential alternatives are proposed to determine if there is sufficient evidence to recommend the low-FODMAP diet for this patient population. Over 1,000 studies were screened and 6 were reviewed to determine the benefits of this diet. It was found that the low-FODMAP diet has demonstrated efficacy in delivering IBS symptom relief by changing patients’ metabolomes, microbiomes, and physiology. Specifically, this diet showed a greater overall decrease in abdominal pain, bloating, stool consistency, frequency, and urgency. Greater diversity of actinobacteria was found in the stool samples of these patients. Nociceptive neurons were also shown to be less sensitive and GI gas production was also markedly decreased. Despite these benefits, the low-FODMAP diet is more recommended for acute flare-ups due to its difficult adherence and attrition. Instead, we conclude that the balanced Mediterranean diet contains aspects of the traditional Mediterranean and low-FODMAP diet that can relieve IBS symptoms for daily life, while the low-FODMAP diet can be an effective treatment to ameliorate conditions when severe symptoms are experienced

Diversity, floristic composition, and structure of the woody vegetation of the Cerrado in the Cerrado–Amazon transition zone in Mato Grosso, Brazil

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40415-015-0186-2We compared the diversity and species composition and the structure of the vegetation of three distinct Cerrado phytophysiognomies (Cerradão, Dense Cerrado, and Typical Cerrado) in the Cerrado–Amazon transition, Mato Grosso (Brazil). Species richness (observed and estimated) in the Cerradão and Dense Cerrado was higher than that recorded in the Typical Cerrado. Species diversity, based on a Rényi profile, was highest in the Dense Cerrado, in comparison with the other phytophysiognomies. We recorded a higher number of exclusive species in the Cerradão and a greater similarity (Morisita and Sørensen indices) between this vegetation type and the Dense Cerrado. While individuals were tallest in the Cerradão and Dense Cerrado and lowest in the Typical Cerrado, there was no difference among phytophysiognomies in mean diameter. A gradient in decreasing species richness and diversity (hypothesis 1) and vegetation vertical structure (hypothesis 3) was expected for the Cerradão–Dense Cerrado–Typical Cerrado; however, neither hypothesis was supported by the results. The Cerradão and Dense Cerrado were most similar in species composition not confirming hypothesis 2, which predicted that the two savanna vegetation types (Dense Cerrado and Typical Cerrado) were more similar to one another than either is to the woodland (Cerradão). Overall, the similarities among the three study communities depended on the type of parameter analyzed. While the species richness and the vertical and structure of the vegetation of the Cerradão and Dense Cerrado are closely similar, the Cerradão and Typical Cerrado are more similar in their species diversity. With regard to the floristic composition, Dense Cerrado occupies an intermediate position between Cerradão and Typical Cerrado.UNEMAT Graduate Program in Ecology and ConservationBrazilian Higher Education Training Program (CAPES)“Tropical Biomes in Transition – TROBIT”CAPES/Science without Borders ProgramPELD/CNPq (Long-Term Ecological Studies)PROCAD UnB/UNEMA

Filtros DGSs baseados na geometria matrioska

Nesta pesquisa ? investigado o desenvolvimento de filtros planares utilizando estruturas com modifica??o no plano terra, DGS, baseados na geometria matrioska, caracterizados pela miniaturiza??o (redu??o da frequ?ncia de resson?ncia) e seletividade (filtros DGS-matrioska). Foram fabricados e caracterizados quatorze filtros DGS-matrioska, considerando diferentes dimens?es, n?mero de an?is, an?is fechados e an?is abertos, assimilando as caracter?sticas da geometria matrioska, incluindo as equa??es iniciais de projeto, seus princ?pios b?sicos e aplica??es. A aplicabilidade das equa??es iniciais de projeto e confirma??o das caracter?sticas da geometria matrioska foram observados e os resultados num?ricos e experimentais para os filtros DGS-matrioska, apresentaram uma boa concord?ncia, confirmando as caracter?sticas esperadas

Changes in and the mediating role of physical activity in relation to active school transport, fitness and adiposity among Spanish youth: the UP&DOWN longitudinal study

Background Longitudinal changes in child and adolescent active school transport (AST), and the mediating role of different intensities of daily physical activity (PA) levels in relation to AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators is unclear. This study aimed to: 1) describe longitudinal changes in AST, light PA (LPA), moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points; and 2) investigate the mediating role of LPA and MVPA levels on associations between AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points among children and adolescents. Methods This longitudinal study comprised 1646 Spanish children and adolescents (48.8% girls, mean age 12.5 years +/- 2.5) at baseline, recruited from schools in Cadiz and Madrid. Mode of commuting to school was self-reported at baseline (T0, 2011-12), 1-year (T1) and 2-year follow-up (T2). PA was assessed using accelerometers. Handgrip strength, standing long jump and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) assessed physical fitness. Height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness were measured. Multilevel linear regression analyses assessed changes in AST, PA levels, physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points (T0-T1-T2). Additionally, longitudinal path analysis (n = 453; mean age [years] 12.6 +/- 2.4) was used to test the mediating effects of LPA and MVPA levels on the association between AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators. Results Multilevel analyses observed decreases in LPA between T0-T1 (beta = - 11.27; p < 0.001) and T0-T2 (beta = - 16.27; p < 0.001) and decreases in MVPA between T0-T2 (beta = - 4.51; p = 0.011). Moreover, changes over time showed increases in handgrip between T0-T1 (beta = 0.78; p = 0.028) and T0-T2 (beta = 0.81; p = 0.046). Path analyses showed that AST was directly positively associated with MVPA at T1 (all, beta approximate to 0.33; p < 0.001). MVPA at T1 mediated associations between AST and CRF at T2 (beta = 0.20; p = 0.040), but not the other outcomes. LPA did not mediate any associations. Conclusions Results from longitudinal path analysis suggest that participation in more AST may help attenuate declines in MVPA that typically occur with age and improve CRF. Therefore, we encourage health authorities to promote AST, as a way to increase MVPA levels and CRF among youth

A influ?ncia dos gestores na satisfa??o dos servidores da Superintend?ncia Regional de Ensino de Diamantina-MG: uma an?lise do clima organizacional por meio das ferramentas e t?cnicas do Guia PMBOK?

A SRE Diamantina fornece direcionamento aos gestores escolares e atende aos ?rg?os superiores, aos quais est? subordinada para o bem-estar educacional. A pesquisa delimitou o estudo na atua??o dos gestores respons?veis pelo ambiente interno com sua cultura e clima organizacional, bem como rela??es sociais de trabalho. O desafio da pesquisa foi encontrar respostas para as maiores dificuldades enfrentadas pelos gestores nas rela??es interpessoais, os fatores do ambiente interno que causam insatisfa??o nos servidores e como resolver o problema de clima organizacional. Para responder a esses questionamentos, definiu-se como objetivo geral identificar, por meio de uma pesquisa de opini?o p?blica, a percep??o dos servidores da SRE Diamantina no que diz respeito a influ?ncia dos gestores em sua satisfa??o no trabalho, utilizando, para isso, as ferramentas e t?cnicas do GUIA PMBOK? para mapear o ambiente interno. Na sequ?ncia, foi necess?rio mapear, por meio da pesquisa de opini?o p?blica, o ambiente interno da SRE Diamantina adotando como crit?rio as 10 ?reas do conhecimento em gerenciamento de projetos do Guia PMBOK?, de forma a descrever os fatores de satisfa??o e de insatisfa??o diagnosticados no mapeamento e analisados por meio da t?cnica estat?stica multivariada, bem como identificando similaridades para sugerir a implanta??o de um projeto de forma??o continuada para os gestores, tamb?m utilizando as ferramentas e t?cnicas do Guia PMBOK?, nas tr?s ?reas do conhecimento identificadas como as mais deficit?rias no mapeamento. A pesquisa tem natureza aplicada e car?ter descritivo, m?todo de abordagem qualitativa, para tanto utilizou como procedimento o levantamento do tipo Survey, e o question?rio online foi respondido por 34 servidores. A interpreta??o dos dados foi realizada por meio de agrupamentos ou Clusters com o suporte dos softwares Microsoft Excel, Past 326b e do Venngage. De acordo com muitos servidores, os gestores t?m dificuldades de repassar conhecimentos, ensinar e aperfei?oar t?cnicas (67,64%), problemas de criatividade e iniciativa para gerar confian?a na conviv?ncia di?ria (52,95%) e de divis?o do trabalho (82,35%). Muitos servidores est?o insatisfeitos com a falta de autonomia para trabalhar (55,88%). Os fatores que geram satisfa??o aos servidores s?o: gostar do que fazem, integra??o da equipe, autonomia, serem valorizados e ouvidos. Em contrapartida, falta de capacita??o e treinamentos, de plano de carreira, de comunica??o, de n?o serem valorizados em determinados momentos e a n?o participa??o nas decis?es geram insatisfa??o. As tr?s ?reas do conhecimento mais deficit?rias est?o relacionadas ? comunica??o, aos recursos e ? integra??o. Foi poss?vel concluir que existe uma discrep?ncia entre a percep??o dos servidores da diretoria de pessoal em rela??o aos demais setores da SRE Diamantina e que o gerenciamento das comunica??es ? a maior causa de insatisfa??o no ambiente de trabalho da institui??o.Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2020.The Regional Teaching Superintendence (RTS) in Diamantina provides guidance for school administrators and serves the higher public authorities, in order to maintain educational wellbeing. The research delimited the studied to school administrators? performance who were responsible for an internal environment with their culture and organizational climate, as well as social work relationships. The research challenge was to find answers to the greatest difficulties faced by administrators in interpersonal relationships, and other internal environment factors that cause public servants? dissatisfaction and how to solve the organizational climate problem. In order to answer these questions, it was defined as a general objective to identify, through a public opinion survey, the perception of Diamantina RTS? employees regarding the influence of administrators on their job satisfaction, using the PMBOK? GUIDE tools and techniques to map the internal environment. Then, it was necessary to map, through public opinion research, the internal environment of Diamantina RTS, adopting the 10 knowledge areas in project management of the PMBOK? Guide as criteria. The criteria was selected in order to describe the satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors diagnosed in the mapping. In addition, it was analyzed using the multivariate statistical technique, and similarities were identified to suggest the implementation of a continuing education project for school managers, also using the PMBOK? Guide tools and techniques, in the three knowledge areas identified as the most deficient in the mapping phase. The research has an applied nature and a descriptive character, and also a qualitative approach method. For this, a survey was used as a data collector procedure, and the online questionnaire was answered by 34 public servants. Data interpretation was performed using clusters with the support of Microsoft Excel, Past 326b and Venngage softwares. According to many public employees, administrators have difficulties in passing on knowledge, teaching and improving techniques (67.64%), creativity and initiative problems in order to create confidence in daily living (52.95%) and division of labor (82,35%). Many of them are dissatisfied with the lack of work autonomy (55.88%). The factors that generate satisfaction to the employees are: like what they do, team integration, autonomy, being valued and listened to. On the other hand, the lack of improvement, training, career plans and communication but also not being valued at certain times and not being part of the decision makers generate dissatisfaction. The three most deficient knowledge areas are related to communication, resources and integration. It was possible to conclude that there is a perception discrepancy between the public servants of the personal board in relation to the other sectors of Diamantina RTS. Furthermore, communication management is the biggest cause of work dissatisfaction in the institution environment

Artificial neural networks to prediction fuel rate in the blast furnace operation.

This paper proposes the use of artificial neural networks for the prediction of fuel consumption in the blast furnace. For this purpose, a dataset of 270 records, with 19 input variables were considered, based on the historical data of operation from the years 2014 to 2017 of a blast furnace of a Brazilian steel mill, and it was verified that model presented good results with correlation coefficient of 0.837, consisting of an input layer with 19 neurons, intermediate layer with 19 neurons and output layer with 1 neuron

Rare cardiac tumor simulating ST elevated acute myocardial infarction

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio