Anuran species composition from Chaco and Cerrado areas in Central Brazil

Herein, we present an updated inventory and the variations of frog communities’ composition from five areas of humid Chaco and Cerrado in municipality of Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. This municipality is located in an area with three ecoregions: Chaco, Cerrado and Pantanal. Through acoustic and visual nocturnal/diurnal and pitfall evaluations from a period of over five years, we recorded 31 species in the Cerrado and 29 species in the humid Chaco. About 90% of the species were previously registered in the municipality of Porto Murtinho. A non-metric multidimensional analysis based on a presence/absence matrix revealed a separation in our sampling sites and communities with Cerrado and humid Chaco characteristics. This peculiarity in the species composition must be related to the transition zone, with the presence of mixed species characteristics of Cerrado and humid Chaco in both areas in the municipality of Porto Murtinho experiences a high degree of deforestation pressure, which threatens both the Cerrado and humid Chaco vegetation. This highlights the importance of knowledge actions about the richness and composition of species, corroborating ecological tools to support conservation in this region. © 2019, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). All rights reserved

SABERES E PRÁTICAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA

This text has the purpose of analyzing the thematic special education birth of multiculturalism, affirming the need for a broader debate about multiculturalism in the universe. For their preparation broke the principle of multiculturalism approach, theoretical references: Oliveira, (2005, 2011), Mclaren (2000), fig (2011), among others, drooping in scientific research on the heterogeneity within the classroom, especially on special education was the focus of our study object.  O presente texto tem o propósito de analisar a temática educação especial à luz do multiculturalismo, afirmando a necessidade de um debate mais amplo sobre a multiculturalidade presente no universo escolar. Para sua elaboração partiu-se do princípio da abordagem do multiculturalismo, tendo como referenciais teóricos: Oliveira, (2005, 2011), Mclaren (2000), Figueiras (2011), dentre outros, que se debruçam na pesquisa científica sobre a heterogeneidade no espaço da sala de aula, especialmente sobre a educação especial que foi o foco de nosso objeto estudo.     &nbsp

Landscape drivers of mammal habitat use and richness in a protected area and its surrounding agricultural lands

Protected areas (PAs) are key to conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services globally, but their effectiveness increasingly depends on the ability of the surrounding agricultural areas to support biodiversity and secure connectivity at the landscape level. This requires monitoring the broader multi-use landscapes in which PAs exist and identifying the landscape characteristics that support rich, functional wildlife communities. Here, we investigated the species richness and habitat use patterns of a mammal community in relation to different landscape variables and land use and land cover (LULC) types in a PA and its surrounding agricultural lands in the Cerrado. We first used a hierarchical multi-species occupancy model with input camera trap data and eight landscape variables (vegetation productivity, phenology, and heterogeneity, distance to water, roads and settlements, and the PA, slope, and elevation) to estimate the species richness and habitat use of 29 mammal species across the landscape. We then analyzed the relationships between the species richness and habitat use and the landscape variables at the site level, as well as the distribution of species at the landscape level in relation to the different natural and agricultural LULC types

I Congresso Ibero-Americano de Bibliotecas Escolares

Actas de la primera edición del I Congreso Iberoamericano de Bibliotecas Escolares, CIBES 2015, organizado por la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (España), la Universidad Estatal Paulista (Brasil) y el Ayuntamiento de Getafe (España). Celebrado: 21 - 23 de octubre de 2015 en la Universidad Estatal Paulista (Marília) y 26 - 28 de octubre de 2015 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Getafe)Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (España)Universidad Estatal Paulista (Brasil)Ayuntamiento de Getafe (España)Dimensiones y visiones de la biblioteca escolar en una Educación por competencias: la necesidad de una política estratégica / Miguel Ángel Marzal. -- Getafe ciudad educadora, lectora y escritora: Bibliotecas escolares / Lourdes Muñoz Santiuste. -- Presente y futuro: biblioteca escolar-CREA y proyectos interdisciplinares / Rosa Piquín. -- Cultura en información: un reto esencial de la biblioteca escolar / Mónica Baró. -- Bibliotecas escolares de Galicia: un mundo de oportunidades a favor de la Educación / Cristina Novoa. -- 10 años de la Red de Bibliotecas Escolares de Extremadura (REBEX) / Casildo Macías Pereira. -- Biblioteca Escolar y uso ético de la información para una Cultura de Paz / Ana Barrero Tíscar. -- Dinamización de la Biblioteca Escolar Plumita durante el curso escolar 2014/15 / María Antonia Cano Cañada. -- Experiencia de la creación de una biblioteca escolar / Susana Santos Martín. -- Grupo cooperativo Bibliotecas escolares en Red-Albacete / José Manuel Garrido Argandoña y Eva Leal Scasso. -- La BCREA "Juan Leiva". El fomento de la lectura desde la web social / Andrés Pulido Villar. -- Proceso de implantación de una herramienta de autoevaluación en la red de bibliotecas escolares de Extremadura (REBEX) / Casildo Macías Pereira. -- La biblioteca escolar: abriendo fronteras / Lorena Verónica Cabrera Orellana. -- O programa RBE e a avaliaçao das bibliotecas escolares: melhoria, desenvolvimiento e innovaçao / Elsa Conde. -- Profesional de Biblioteconomía y Documentación: esencial en la plantilla de la escuela / Pilar del Campo Puerta. -- Una mirada activa al proceso educativo desde la biblioteca escolar / María Jesús Fontela Fernández . -- Con otra mirada "La ilustración como vehículo de comunicación y aprendizaje en las bibliotecas escolares" / Pablo Jurado Sánchez-Galán. -- Fingertips. Recriar a biblioteca escolar na sala de aula / Rui Alfonso Mateus. -- Hablemos de libros. Cómo transformar una clase de literatura en una comunidad de interpretación de textos / Francisco César Díaz Rey. -- Inclusión social de familias inmigrantes a través de un programa de aprendizaje de la lengua castellana / Ana Carmen Tolino Fernández-Henarejos. -- O desenvolvimento de atividades de mediação de leitura em biblioteca escolar: o caso da biblioteca da Escola Sesc de Ensino Médio / Vagner Amaro. -- La biblioteca escolar. Proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de padres a hijos / Ana Carmen Tolino Fernández- Henarejos. -- Leo con y para los demás / Ismael Fernández Fernández, Ana María Moreno Vicente y Ana Beatriz Vicente Pérez. -- Nanas y arrullo. Poesía a la deriva / Bernardo Fuentes Navarrete y Carlos García-Romeral Pérez. -- Gestión y evaluación de servicios bibliotecarios para personas con dislexia: una biblioteca escolar inclusiva desde una perspectiva internacional / Carmen Jorge García-Reyes. -- Sueños lectores compartidos hechos realidad: la biblioteca escolar del C.E.I.P-S.E.S-A.A “LA PAZ” de Albacete / Ana Rosa Cabañero Tobarra, Juan Manuel Herráez, Eva Leal Scasso, María Marín Sánchez, Ana Belén Medrano Martínez y María José Nortes Ruipérez. -- El programa biblioteca escuela en Civican. La literatura como elemento motivador para la alfabetización informacional / Villar Arellano Yanguas. -- La competencia digital en el diseño curricular: desde la biblioteca al aula / Felicidad Campal García. -- O deselvomimento da pesquisa escolar por meio da competência em informaçao / Luciane de Fátima Cavalcante Beckman y Marta Leandro da Mata. -- Proyecto escolar de investigación documental "Te pillé leyendo" / José Manuel Garrido Argandoña. -- Aprender com a Biblioteca Escolar: formar para as literacias / Paula Correia y Isabel Mendinhos. -- Sucedió en el siglo XX / María Antonia Becerra Montalbán, Ángel Bernabé Muñoz y Sofía Vaz Romero. -- El Club de lectura en la nube / Belén Benito Blázquez y Ana Ordás García. -- Promover a leitura e a escrita na era digital: prácticas nas bibliotecas escolares / María Raquel Ramos. -- A biblioteca escolar e o desafío da interculturalidade: o projeto Ser + cidadao / María da Conceição Tomé. -- Cuando la competencia digital encontró a la alfabetización informacional o Mucho ruido y pocas nueces / Felicidad Campal García. -- Hora de ler, un programa para el fomento de la lectura en contexto educativo / Cristina Novoa. -- Hábitos de lectura para las competencias en información y alfabetización en información en bibliotecas escolares de Puerto Rico / Karen Denise Centeno Casillas. -- Repositorios digitales en las bibliotecas escolares andaluzas: situación, modelos y herramientas para su creación / Dolores Olmos Olmos y Andrés Pulido Villar. -- Trabajando las competencias clave con las aventuras de Mozarito en Extremadura / María Teresa Carballosa González y María Esther Nieto Vidal. -- Análisis de modelos de evaluación de la web de la biblioteca escolar / Raúl Cremades García. -- Emociónate con las historias: El bosque de las emociones e historias con mucho teatro / Esther Luis Pérez y Ana María Peromingo Fernández. -- Biblioteca escolar de innovación y continuación / E. María Guerrero Palacios y Silvia Mora Ramírez. -- Uso de estándares y licencias para la creación y difusión de contenidos en las bibliotecas escolares / José Luis Barreiro Cebey. -- La biblioteca escolar digital móvil / Javier Fernández Delgado. -- Uso de aplicaciones móviles para el desarrollo de la competencia lingüística. Proyecto Hansel App Gretel / Dolores Olmos Olmos. -- A memória e a mediação segundo Vigotski / Leda Maria Araújo, Patricia Celia Santana, Sueli Bortolin y Leticia Gorri Molina. -- Bibliotecas escolares como tema de estudo dos alunos de graduação em blioteconomia do Instituto de Ensino Superior da FUNLEC: estado da arte / Tiago Pereira Nocera y Rodrigo Pereira. -- Ações de mediação da leitura e da informação em bibliotecas escolares: um olhar sobre as bibliotecas dos Colégios de Aplicação / Tatyanne Christina Gonçalves Ferreira Valdez y Alberto Calil Júnior. -- Mediação pedagógica numa biblioteca de escola pública em Londrina / Rovilson José da Silva, Teba Silva Yllana y Sueli Bortolin. -- Utilização de categorias por cores em sistema de biblioteca voltado ao público infanto-juvenil / Liliana Giusti Serra. -- Atividades de ensino dos atos de leitura com crianças em risco social / Adriana Naomi Fukushima da Silva y Dagoberto Buim Arena. -- Biblioteca escolar: espaço de significados entre alunos, professores e bibliotecários / Rodrigo Barbosa Paulo, Marisa Xavier, Helen Castro Casarin y Creuza Barbaroto. -- A Biblioteca Escolar no Contexto da Legislação e do Processo Educativo / Eliane Lourdes da Silva Moro, Francisca Rosaline Leite Mota y Raimundo Martins de Lima. -- O jornal impresso como fonte de informação: a importância da formação de leitores críticos / Mariana Pícaro Cerigatto. -- Bibliotecas escolares no estado do Rio Grande do Sul: a trajetória de realização dos fóruns gaúchos pela melhoria das bibliotecas escolares / Eliane Lourdes da Silva Moro y Lizandra Brasil Estabel. -- O acesso à informação dos usuários surdos na biblioteca escolar / André Luís Onório Coneglian y Mayara Melo Santana. -- Aprendizagem coletiva de bibliotecários e a competência de pesquisa dos docentes: o caso do Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo / Maristela Almeida Mercandeli Rodrigues y Beatriz Quiroz Villardi. -- Biblioteca escolar: atores, parâmetros e competências / Mavi Galante Mancera Dall´Acqua Carvalho y Claudio Marcondes de Castro Filho. -- Estratégias de aprendizagem de escrita no Ensino Fundamental II / Érika Christina Kohle. -- Bebês e livros: leitura nas bebetecas. Kenia Adriana de Aquino Modesto Silva, Juliane Francischeti Martins Motoyama y Renata Junqueira de Souza. -- Práticas alternativas para organização de acervos nos espaços de leitura em ambientes escolares / Luciana Souza Gracioso, Ariovaldo Alves, Débora Nascimento, Suelen Redondo, Tainara Torika Kiri de Castro, Elizabete Angelon y Eduardo Barbosa. -- Reflexões sobre a modelagem e criação de uma Rede Virtual de Leitores para Bibliotecas Escolares / Carla Floriana Martins y Raoni Guerra Rajão. -- Biblioteca escolar: espaço de formação leitora? / Silvana Ferreira de Souza Balsan y Renata Junqueira de Souza. -- “Se a Biblioteca Escolar é minha mãe, o Google é meu pai”: representações da relação entre Biblioteca Escolar e Google no imaginário de alunos do ensino técnico / Adriana Bogliolo Sirihal-Duarte, Maria L. Amorim Antunes y Raquel Miranda Vilela Paiva. -- Desafios e propostas para a universalização das bibliotecas escolares no Brasil e na Espanha / Rodrigo Pereira, Daniela Spudeit y Fernanda de Sales. -- Bibliotecário educador: possibilidades de atuação no contexto da biblioteca escolar / André Carlos da Silva, Valéria Martin Valls y Mariana de Paula Silva. -- Uma ONG para Bibliotecas Escolares : estratégia para ampliar a igualdade e capacidade de acesso e uso da informação e educação escolar de qualidade / Suelen Camilo Ferreira y Luciana de Souza Gracioso. -- O aluno com deficência: o papel do bibliotecário na disponibilidade de recursos acessíveis na biblioteca escolar / Adriano de Sales Coelho, Rosilene de Melo Oliveira y Marcos Pastana Santos. -- Biblioteca digital virtual e o uso do tablete: uma possibilidade de construção de novas práticas de leitura na escola / Barbara Cibelli da Silva Monteagudo y Dagoberto Buim Arena. -- A importância da biblioteca na educação de crianças de 0 a 3 anos / Yngrid Karolline Mendonça Costa y Cyntia Graziella Guizelim Simões Girotto. -- Comportamento Informacional de adolescentes: a relação com bibliotecas e escolas / Nelson Sebastian Silva-Jerez y Helen de Castro S. Casarin

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Mammifères herbivores terrestres dans une mosaique de Cerrado, de la forêt atlantique et des changements d’affectation des terres

The Cerrado and Atlantic forest biodiversity hotspots have been experiencing rapid land-use changes in the last five decades resulting in habitat fragmentation, invasion of exotic species and biodiversity loss. Herbivore mammals are a key community to investigate the impacts of land-use changes on biodiversity, because they are directly influenced by the landscape structure. In a first step, we reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2018 about terrestrial mammals in contexts of land-use change in the Brazilian Cerrado. We found that negative responses of mammals to land-use changes were mainly associated with agriculture, livestock, roads and urban areas. Moreover, we identified big knowledge gaps, for example in the coverage of research areas or species. Secondly, we collected data on the community of herbivore mammals across gradients of land-use changes in the Bodoquena Plateau in Brazil between February 2016 and December 2017. We analyzed how and on which scale three landscape metrics (percentage of forest cover, patch density and edge density) affect the occurrence of four herbivore species (Dasyprocta azarae, Pecari tajacu, Mazama gouazoubira and Tapirus terrestris). We found differences in the scales at which the species responded to different landscape metrics. Finally, we modeled the occupancy of 23 herbivore mammals in the landscape of the Bodoquena Plateau. The pattern of occupancy as a function of forest cover percentage showed idiosyncratic responses per species to land-use changes. Therefore, we recommend different and complementary strategies including habitat restoration for conservation and management of herbivore mammals in the Bodoquena Plateau.Les « hotspots » de la biodiversité du Cerrado et des forêts atlantiques ont souffert des changements rapides d’utilisation du sol au cours des cinq dernières décennies, résultant en une fragmentation de l’habitat, l’invasion d’espèces exotiques et la perte de biodiversité. Les mammifères herbivores sont une communauté clé pour étudier les impacts des changements d’utilisation des sols, car ils sont directement influencés par la structure du paysage. Premièrement, nous avons examiné des articles publiés entre 2002 et 2018 sur les mammifères terrestres dans des contextes de changement d’utilisation du sol dans le Cerrado brésilien. Nous avons constaté que les réactions négatives des mammifères aux changements d'utilisation du sol étaient associées à l'agriculture, à l'élevage, aux routes et aux zones urbaines. De plus, nous identifions de grandes lacunes de connaissances. Deuxièmement, nous avons collecté des données sur la communauté de mammifères herbivores à travers les gradients de changements d'utilisation du sol sur le plateau de Bodoquena au Brésil entre février 2016 et décembre 2017. Nous analysions comment et à quelle échelle trois métriques du paysage (pourcentage de couverture forestière, densité de parcelles et densité de lisières) affectent l'occurrence de quatre espèces herbivores (Dasyprocta azarae, Pecari tajacu, Mazama gouazoubira et Tapirus terrestris). Nous avons trouvé des différences dans les échelles auxquelles les espèces ont répondu à différentes mesures du paysage. Enfin, nous avons modélisé l'occupation de 23 mammifères herbivores dans le paysage du plateau de Bodoquena. Le modèle d'occupation en fonction du couvert forestier a montré des réactions idiosyncratiques par espèce aux changements d'utilisation du sol. Par conséquent, nous recommandons des stratégies différentes et complémentaires, notamment la restauration de l'habitat, pour la protection et gestion des mammifères herbivores au plateau de Bodoquena

Mammifères herbivores terrestres dans une mosaique de Cerrado, de la forêt atlantique et des changements d’affectation des terres

The Cerrado and Atlantic forest biodiversity hotspots have been experiencing rapid land-use changes in the last five decades resulting in habitat fragmentation, invasion of exotic species and biodiversity loss. Herbivore mammals are a key community to investigate the impacts of land-use changes on biodiversity, because they are directly influenced by the landscape structure. In a first step, we reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2018 about terrestrial mammals in contexts of land-use change in the Brazilian Cerrado. We found that negative responses of mammals to land-use changes were mainly associated with agriculture, livestock, roads and urban areas. Moreover, we identified big knowledge gaps, for example in the coverage of research areas or species. Secondly, we collected data on the community of herbivore mammals across gradients of land-use changes in the Bodoquena Plateau in Brazil between February 2016 and December 2017. We analyzed how and on which scale three landscape metrics (percentage of forest cover, patch density and edge density) affect the occurrence of four herbivore species (Dasyprocta azarae, Pecari tajacu, Mazama gouazoubira and Tapirus terrestris). We found differences in the scales at which the species responded to different landscape metrics. Finally, we modeled the occupancy of 23 herbivore mammals in the landscape of the Bodoquena Plateau. The pattern of occupancy as a function of forest cover percentage showed idiosyncratic responses per species to land-use changes. Therefore, we recommend different and complementary strategies including habitat restoration for conservation and management of herbivore mammals in the Bodoquena Plateau.Les « hotspots » de la biodiversité du Cerrado et des forêts atlantiques ont souffert des changements rapides d’utilisation du sol au cours des cinq dernières décennies, résultant en une fragmentation de l’habitat, l’invasion d’espèces exotiques et la perte de biodiversité. Les mammifères herbivores sont une communauté clé pour étudier les impacts des changements d’utilisation des sols, car ils sont directement influencés par la structure du paysage. Premièrement, nous avons examiné des articles publiés entre 2002 et 2018 sur les mammifères terrestres dans des contextes de changement d’utilisation du sol dans le Cerrado brésilien. Nous avons constaté que les réactions négatives des mammifères aux changements d'utilisation du sol étaient associées à l'agriculture, à l'élevage, aux routes et aux zones urbaines. De plus, nous identifions de grandes lacunes de connaissances. Deuxièmement, nous avons collecté des données sur la communauté de mammifères herbivores à travers les gradients de changements d'utilisation du sol sur le plateau de Bodoquena au Brésil entre février 2016 et décembre 2017. Nous analysions comment et à quelle échelle trois métriques du paysage (pourcentage de couverture forestière, densité de parcelles et densité de lisières) affectent l'occurrence de quatre espèces herbivores (Dasyprocta azarae, Pecari tajacu, Mazama gouazoubira et Tapirus terrestris). Nous avons trouvé des différences dans les échelles auxquelles les espèces ont répondu à différentes mesures du paysage. Enfin, nous avons modélisé l'occupation de 23 mammifères herbivores dans le paysage du plateau de Bodoquena. Le modèle d'occupation en fonction du couvert forestier a montré des réactions idiosyncratiques par espèce aux changements d'utilisation du sol. Par conséquent, nous recommandons des stratégies différentes et complémentaires, notamment la restauration de l'habitat, pour la protection et gestion des mammifères herbivores au plateau de Bodoquena

The pivotal role of land cover around forest fragments for small‐mammal communities in a Neotropical savanna

Abstract While harboring the bulk of the planet's biodiversity, tropical ecosystems have experienced intense land conversion for agriculture. Studies examining the impacts of land‐use change on tropical biodiversity have primarily focused on forest cover loss but have overlooked the ecological potential of habitats surrounding forest fragments to modulate biodiversity loss. We examined whether small‐mammal communities changed with the land cover surrounding forest fragments, and how functional traits affected responses to land cover. Small mammals were sampled in the Brazilian Cerrado using live‐trap transects. Three landscape types were identified according to the surroundings of the transects (within 750‐m‐radius buffers): forest‐ (≥50% forest cover), pasture‐, and crop‐dominated landscapes (<50% forest cover, with predominance of pastures or crops, respectively). We examined the composition of functional traits across landscape types and used abundance models to analyze the response of small‐mammal communities to land cover. From forest‐dominated to pasture‐ and crop‐dominated landscapes, the abundances and/or species richness of the largest, forest‐specialist, frugivorous/granivorous, and terrestrial species decreased. In forest‐dominated landscapes, abundances and species richness were slightly affected by land cover surrounding forest fragments. In pasture‐ and crop‐dominated landscapes which represent the less‐preserved landscapes, increased proportions of native forests, open formations, and, to some extent, pastures, supported the increased abundance of small mammals. Land cover surrounding forest fragments is critical for maintaining the diversity of species and functional traits within small‐mammal communities. Our results emphasize the need to maintain native vegetation in human‐modified landscapes to maintain biodiversity and ecological functions

The pivotal role of land cover around forest fragments for small‐mammal communities in a Neotropical savanna

International audienceWhile harboring the bulk of the planet's biodiversity, tropical ecosystems have experienced intense land conversion for agriculture. Studies examining the impacts of land‐use change on tropical biodiversity have primarily focused on forest cover loss but have overlooked the ecological potential of habitats surrounding forest fragments to modulate biodiversity loss. We examined whether small‐mammal communities changed with the land cover surrounding forest fragments, and how functional traits affected responses to land cover. Small mammals were sampled in the Brazilian Cerrado using live‐trap transects. Three landscape types were identified according to the surroundings of the transects (within 750‐m‐radius buffers): forest‐ (≥50% forest cover), pasture‐, and crop‐dominated landscapes (<50% forest cover, with predominance of pastures or crops, respectively). We examined the composition of functional traits across landscape types and used abundance models to analyze the response of small‐mammal communities to land cover. From forest‐dominated to pasture‐ and crop‐dominated landscapes, the abundances and/or species richness of the largest, forest‐specialist, frugivorous/granivorous, and terrestrial species decreased. In forest‐dominated landscapes, abundances and species richness were slightly affected by land cover surrounding forest fragments. In pasture‐ and crop‐dominated landscapes which represent the less‐preserved landscapes, increased proportions of native forests, open formations, and, to some extent, pastures, supported the increased abundance of small mammals. Land cover surrounding forest fragments is critical for maintaining the diversity of species and functional traits within small‐mammal communities. Our results emphasize the need to maintain native vegetation in human‐modified landscapes to maintain biodiversity and ecological functions

Liver transplantation for acute liver failure: a 5 years experience Transplante hepático na hepatite fulminante: uma experiência de 5 anos

BACKGROUND: Fulminant hepatic failure carries a high morbidity and mortality. Liver transplantation has markedly improved the prognosis of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. AIM: To evaluate the outcome of 20 patients with acute liver failure and indication for liver transplantation. METHODS: A retrospective review of 20 patients with acute liver failure and indication for liver transplantation was performed. Patients were divided into two groups: group A with 12 patients who underwent liver transplantation and group B with 8 patients who did not receive liver transplantation. Both groups were analyzed according to age, sex, ABO blood type, etiology of acute liver failure, time on list until transplantation or death, and survival rates. Group A patients were additionally analyzed according to preoperative INR, AST, and ALT peak values and MELD (Model for End-stage Liver Disease) scores; intraoperative red blood cells and plasma transfusion and cold ischemia time; postoperative lenght of intensive care unit and hospital stay, and needed for dialysis. RESULTS: Group A: there were four men and eight women with an average age of 24.6 years. The average liver waiting time period was 3.4 days and MELD score 36. Seven patients are alive with good hepatic function at a medium follow-up of 26.2 months. The actuarial survival rate was 65.2% at 1 year. Group B: There were two men and six women with an average age of 30.9 years. The mean waiting time on list until death was 7.4 days. All patients died while waiting for a liver donor. CONCLUSION: Despite the improvements in intensive care management, most patients with acute liver failure and indication for liver transplantation ca not survive long without transplant. Liver transplantation is potentially the only curative modality and has markedly improved the prognosis of those patients.<br>RACIONAL: OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução de 20 pacientes com insuficiência hepática aguda e indicação de transplante hepático. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de 20 pacientes com insuficiência hepática aguda e indicação de transplante hepático. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo A com 12 pacientes que foram submetidos a transplante hepático e grupo B com oito pacientes não submetidos a transplante hepático. Ambos os grupos foram analisados de acordo com idade, sexo, tipagem sangüínea, etiologia da insuficiência hepática aguda, tempo em lista até o transplante ou até o óbito e sobrevida. Os pacientes do grupo A foram ainda analisados de acordo com o escore MELD (Model for End-stage Liver Disease), valores de pico pré-operatório de INR, AST e ALT, necessidade de transfusão de concentrado de hemácias e plasma fresco congelado durante o transplante, tempo de isquemia fria, tempo de permanência hospitalar e em unidade de terapia intensiva e necessidade de diálise no pós-transplante imediato. RESULTADOS: Grupo A: o tempo médio de espera em lista até o transplante foi de 3,4 dias e o MELD médio, de 36. Sete pacientes continuam vivos com boa função hepática em um tempo médio de seguimento de 26,2 meses. A sobrevida atuarial em 1 ano foi de 65,2%. Grupo B: foram estudados dois homens e seis mulheres com média de idade de 30,9 anos. O tempo médio de espera em lista até o óbito foi de 7,4 dias. Todos os pacientes foram a óbito esperando por um doador. CONCLUSÃO: Mesmo com todos os avanços nos cuidados de terapia intensiva, a maioria dos pacientes com insuficiência hepática aguda e indicação de transplante hepático não sobrevivem por muito tempo sem o transplante. O transplante hepático é potencialmente a única terapêutica curativa atualmente disponível e melhorou consideravelmente o prognóstico desses pacientes