Farmacocinética do tramadol administrado pela via intravenosa e intramuscular em cadelas submetidas a ovário - salpingo - histerectomia

The objective of the present study was to implant a method using a sensitive and specific system, and validate the whole analytical method to obtain an efficient tool for analyses of tramadol in plasma dogs, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of tramadol following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of this drug in females dogs submitted to castration. The pharmacokinetics of tramadol were examined following i.v. or i.m. tramadol administration to five female dogs in each group submitted to ovariohysterectomy (dosage=2 mg/kg). In relation to intravenous administration, the half-time for the distribution process (t1/2d = 0.18 ± 0.12 h); the total body clearance was 0.60 ± 0.50 L/h/kg, half-life of elimination (t1/2²) was 1.24 ± 0.69 h. Statistically differences between parameters obtained after i.v. and i.m. was significant only to AUC0[i: 3362.07 ± 1008 and 1604.55 ± 960.02 (ng.h/mL), respectively. The F was 48.00 ± 43.30%. The assay for tramadol described has been demonstrated to meet all requirements for clinical PK studies. In particular, the method has satisfactory specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision range over the concentration examined.O objetivo do presente estudo foi de implantar um método sensível e específico, e validar toda a metodologia para obter uma ferramenta eficiente para a análise do tramadol em plasma de cadelas, e avaliar a farmacocinética do tramadol após a administração do mesmo pelas vias i.v. e i.m. em cadelas submetidas à castração. A farmacocinética do tramadol foi examinada após a administração do tramadol por ambas as vias, em cinco cadelas em cada grupo submetidas à ovário histerectomia (dose = 2 mg/kg). Em relação à administração intravenosa, a meia-vida de eliminação (t1/2β) foi de 1,24 ± 0,69 h. Encontrou-se diferenças significantes somente nos parâmetros AUC0→∞: 3362,07 ± 1008 and 1604,55 ± 960.02 (ng.h/mL), pelas vias i.v. e i.m. respectivamente. O F foi de 48,00 ± 43,30%. O estudo descrito neste artigo demonstrou atingir todas as exigências para os estudos clínicos em farmacocinética. Especificamente, o método apresentou especificidade, linearidade, exatidão e precisão satisfatórias no intervalo de concentrações examinadas

Aspectos controversos de uma interpretação do giro linguístico sobre a ontologia de Lukács como referência crítica na Educação Física

This article is justified by the identification of limits and reductionisms found in the interpretation and description, offered by the critique of linguistic turns, about what they call: “epistemological activity in Physical Education” by a so-called “ontological reaction”. The objective is not only to oppose, but to demonstrate in the discussion presented here the possible misunderstandings in relation to the ontological criticism made to the philosopher György Lukács in the field of Physical Education. Therefore, we searched the articles involved in the debate, highlighting our investigation and analysis in relation to the study by Almeida and Vaz (2010), entitled: “From the linguistic turn to the ontological turn in the epistemological activity in Physical Education”.Este artículo se justifica por la identificación de límites y reduccionismos encontrados en la interpretación y descripción ofrecidas por la crítica de los giros lingüísticos sobre lo que denominan: “actividad epistemológica en Educación Física” por una llamada “reacción ontológica”. El objetivo no es solo contraponerse, sino demostrar en la discusión aquí presentada los posibles malentendidos en relación a la crítica ontológica realizada al filósofo György Lukács en el campo de la Educación Física. Para ello, buscamos los artículos involucrados en el debate, destacando nuestra investigación y análisis en relación al estudio de Almeida y Vaz (2010), titulado: “Del giro lingüístico al giro ontológico en la actividad epistemológica en Educación Física”.O presente artigo se justifica pela identificação de limites e reducionismos encontrados na interpretação e descrição, oferecidas pela crítica dos giros linguísticos, sobre o que chamam de:“atividade epistemológica em Educação Física” por uma denominada “reação ontológica”. O objetivo não é apenas se contrapor, mas demonstrar na discussão ora apresentada os possíveis equívocos em relação à crítica ontológica realizada ao filósofo György Lukács no campo da Educação Física. Para tanto, buscamos os artigos envolvidos no debate, destacando nossa investigação e análise em relação ao estudo de Almeida e Vaz(2010), intitulado: “Do giro linguístico ao giro ontológico na atividade epistemológica em Educação Física”

Doença do Refluxo Gastroesofágico em Lactentes: análise global / Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Infants: global analysis

Objetivo: analisar as vantagens e as limitações dos tratamentos conservadores, farmacológicos e cirúrgicos disponíveis para a doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) em lactentes, a fim de criar material atualizado acerca do tema. Revisão Bibliográfica: DRGE é uma patologia causada pelo retorno de conteúdo gástrico para o esôfago. O quadro clínico nessa faixa etária é variado e inespecífico, porém, há algumas particularidades, como regurgitações frequentes, acompanhadas frequentemente por vômitos propulsivos, recusa da alimentação, irritabilidade e baixo ganho ponderal. O tratamento consiste em medidas conservadoras e medicamentosas para a maior parte dos pacientes. O tratamento cirúrgico é uma opção somente para casos específicos. Considerações finais: observa-se que a maioria dos casos de DRGE evoluem para cura espontânea - muitas vezes com auxílio apenas de medidas conservadoras. No entanto, deve-se atentar aos sinais de alarme da doença e, diante da necessidade de intervenção médica, precisa-se conhecer os riscos e benefícios de cada possível conduta.

estudos artísticos

A revista Gama, Estudos Artísticos estabeleceu-se como um instrumento para a disseminação do conhecimento em torno da arte e da cultura numa perspetiva que se crê inovadora, e que nos caracteriza: estudar arte e artistas através do olhar formado e privilegiado dos companheiros de profissão. Artistas estudam outros artistas. A revista Gama pertence assim a um projeto de resistência: resistência ao centrismo do artworld, ao esmagamento pelos discursos dominantes, às lógicas de reprodução da legitimação instituída. Há uma característica que prevalece em todos os 28 artigos reunidos na presente edição: a reflexão informada sobre autores e obras de arte, que propõe novas leituras e novas redes de conhecimento. Todas juntas constituem um tecido que descobre sentidos, na sua integração global na nova paisagem cultural.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost