Inconsistency and Subjective Time Dilation Perception in Intertemporal Decision Making

A large number of studies have demonstrated that intertemporal decision making process usually results in preferences that reverse over time, or choices that are inconsistent over time. Inconsistency can be explained by different discount models by the effect of reward value perception at different moments. Otherwise, one can also understand inconsistency as the result of the time perception effect. Here, we address inconsistency as the result of a subjective time dilation perception effect. We use arguments inspired by the special theory of relativity and focused our study on a generalized model that encompasses psychophysical effects on time perception, where we look for a transformation of the time interval between the pay times of two rewards. Additionally, we present a generalized two-argument hyperbolic utility function for the Bernoulli (logarithmic) one, associating their difference to subjective time intervals

Acesso a medicamentos de uso contínuo entre idosos, Brasil

OBJETIVO Analisar a prevalência e fatores associados com o acesso a medicamentos de uso contínuo e formas de sua obtenção.MÉTODOS Foram obtidos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostras em Domicílio de 2008. A amostra foi composta por 27.333 indivíduos com idade acima de 60 anos que reportaram utilizar medicamentos de uso contínuo. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão logística multinomial binário e múltipla para análise dos dados.RESULTADOS Tiveram acesso a todos os medicamentos 86,0% dos idosos, dos quais 50,7% os obtiveram por compra. Aqueles que os obtiveram do sistema público de saúde eram mais jovens (60-64 anos), não tinham plano de saúde e pertenciam a grupos com menor renda. Dos idosos que usam medicamentos de uso contínuo, 14,0% não receberam nenhum dos medicamentos; para aqueles com mais de quatro doenças crônicas esse valor chegou a 22,0%; aqueles com maior número de morbidades crônicas tiveram maior risco de não conseguir todos os medicamentos.CONCLUSÕES Alguns grupos de idosos apresentam risco aumentado de não obter todos os medicamentos necessários e de comprar todos os medicamentos. Esses resultados podem orientar programas e planos de acesso a medicamentos no Brasil.OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and associated access factors for all continued-use prescription drugs and the ways in which they can be obtained.METHODS Data was obtained from the 2008 Household National Survey. The sample comprised 27,333 individuals above 60 years who reported that they used continued-use prescription drugs. A descriptive analysis and binary and multiple multinomial logistic regressions were performed.RESULTS 86.0% of the older adults had access to all the medication they needed, and among them, 50.7% purchased said medication. Those who obtained medication from the public health system were younger (60-64 years), did not have health insurance plans, and belonged to the lower income groups. It is remarkable that 14.0% of the subjects still had no access to any continued-use medication, and for those with more than four chronic diseases, this amount reached 22.0%. Those with a greater number of chronic diseases ran a higher risk of not having access to all the medication they needed.CONCLUSIONS There are some groups of older adults with an increased risk of not obtaining all the medication they need and of purchasing it. The results of this study are expected to contribute to guide programs and plans for access to medication in Brazil

Tooth loss condition and social discrimination in brazilian healthcare services

Objective: To explore factors associated with social discrimination against users of health services regarding dental aesthetic conditions. Methods: Based on a Brazilian National Survey, multivariate Poisson regressions with robust variance were used to explore the association of outcome discrimination related to different motivations in health services and exposure to sociodemographic and dental variables. Effect modification by complete prosthesis wearing was assessed. Results: Among the 60,200 people interviewed, 11.5% reported being discriminated against in health services. For women, a higher prevalence of discrimination was found among those in the age group of 30–44 years. For both sexes, discrimination was associated with black and brown skin color. Regarding dental characteristics, the higher the tooth loss was, the higher the prevalence of discrimination; however, complete prosthesis wearing presented as a protective factor. Social discrimination was the major motivation for reported discrimination and presented higher prevalence in edentulous individuals who did not wear prosthesis. Conclusion: Dental loss may lead to self-reported discrimination in health care services. The prevalence of discrimination increases when tooth loss increases, and the major reason associated is social discrimination

Dealing with Multisource Information for Estuarine Flood Risk Appraisal in Two Western European Coastal Areas

Estuaries are usually affected by compound flooding triggers that cause diverse territorial damages. While fluvial flood risk assessment frameworks are well established in the literature, integrated management instruments that deal with estuarine flood risk remain incomplete and often lacking. This research presents a methodology to extract relevant information from multiple sources post-event and a database building process that is applied to two contrasting estuaries (the Tagus River estuary in Portugal, and the Shannon River estuary in Ireland) in the Western European coastal area. Overall, a total of 274 documents were analyzed and the information was stored in two databases. Multiple correspondence analysis was applied to extract the most informative and relevant estuarine flood indicators. An integrated estuarine flood risk assessment framework is presented and discussed based on the extracted indicators. The framework is driven by two distinct dimensions (oceanic and hydrographic) and revealed the transversal position of triggers of estuarine floods, reflecting the compounding effects usually present in these areas. The results also highlight two levels of flood risk mostly based on damage typology.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

“A Casa tá cheia!”: alguns significados da Praça Dona Mocinha

A praça pública tem destaque em bairros populares, onde a comunidade carece de alternativas de lazer,compreendendo a praça como um lugar potencial para o desenvolvimento das atividades esportivas, das festas dobairro e da formação de redes de sociabilidade. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como se estabelecealgumas formas de utilização da Praça Dona Mocinha, bairro Niterói em Canoas/RS e quais significações destelugar são atribuídas pelos/as freqüentadores/as. Na pesquisa de campo utilizamos o método etnográfico. Percebemosque a praça reflete a dinâmica da cidade como território de conflitos e de sociabilidades.Palavras-chave: Etnografia, espaço público, sociabilidade, reciprocidade, honra

A QUEDA DE UM PRESIDENTE: EFEITOS DE SENTIDO SOBRE O PROCESSO DE IMPEACHMENT DO EX-PRESIDENTE FERNANDO COLLOR DE MELLO NO JORNAL O GLOBO

Este artigo trata do funcionamento do discurso jornalístico e da produção de sentidos sobre o impeachment do ex-presidente Fernando Collor de Mello. A partir dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Análise do Discurso Pecheutiana, objetivamos analisar os sentidos veiculados pelo jornal O Globo entre 29 de setembro e 30 de dezembro de 1992. Assim, pretendemos responder como o discurso jornalístico construiu e significou o processo de impedimento do ex-presidente e como aconteceu a sua (des)legitimação por meio desses sentidos, considerando as condições de produção. Por fim, foi possível perceber como a discursivização e as formações imaginárias ao redor de Collor, circuladas pelo jornal O Globo, deslocavam o presidente de uma posição para outra, de caçados de marajás para marajá

Caracterização clínica e molecular da infecção por Giardia Duodenalis em crianças em idade pré-escolar da cidade de Lisboa

As parasitoses intestinais, quer provocadas por protozoários quer por helmintas, afectam humanos a nível ubiquitário, independentemente do sexo, estrato social ou faixa etária, constituindo um verdadeiro problema de Saúde Pública. Dentro dos protozoários, Giardia duodenalis destaca-se por ser um dos principais agentes responsáveis pela doença diarreica infecciosa, afectando milhões de indivíduos em todo o mundo. Apesar da sua maior incidência nos países em vias de desenvolvimento, esta parasitose é actualmente considerada como uma infecção reemergente nos países desenvolvidos, particularmente em crianças frequentadoras de creches e jardins-de-infância. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objectivo de realizar a caracterização clínica e molecular da giardíase em crianças de idade pré-escolar da cidade de Lisboa. Decorreu de Abril a Julho de 2009 e teve como população alvo 685 crianças dos três aos seis anos de idade, frequentadoras de 10 jardins-de-infância da rede de escolas públicas da capital. Participaram voluntariamente, com resposta aos inquéritos protocolares, preenchimento de consentimento informado e fornecimento de amostras biológicas de fezes, 317 crianças. Em oito delas, correspondendo a uma prevalência de 2,5%, e num familiar (irmão) foi identificada infecção por Giardia duodenalis. Salienta-se que este foi o único parasita com potencial patogénico identificado nas amostras de fezes recolhidas. Através de técnicas de genotipagem constatou-se que cinco dos isolados pertenciam ao genótipo A, três ao B e numa amostra não foi possível identificar o genótipo. Dentro da mesma escola as crianças infectadas apresentaram o mesmo genótipo de Giardia. O espectro de manifestações clínicas variou entre flatulência, diarreia aguda, anorexia, dor abdominal recorrente e distensão abdominal, não se conseguindo correlacionar com a variabilidade genética da Giardia duodenalis encontrada. Uma das tinha má progressão ponderal. Todas as crianças infectadas foram tratadas com metronidazol, sem efeitos adversos conhecidos, e o controlo, efectuado duas semanas depois, foi negativo. Em todas as escolas foram realizadas acções de formação de Educação para a Saúde para as crianças, pais, educadores e funcionários das escolas incluídas no estudo, sobre a temática em estudo. Caracterização clínica e molecular da infecção por Giardia duodenalis em crianças em idade pré-escolar da cidade de Lisboa Este estudo contribuiu para um melhor conhecimento epidemiológico da giardíase em Portugal.Intestinal parasitosis, whether caused by protozoa and human helmintas, affect human worldwide and are a genuine public health problem. Within the protozoa, Giardia duodenalis (G.duodenalis) is recognized as a major cause of diarrhea in humans, affecting millions of individuals around the world. Despite its greater impact on developing countries, giardiasis is currently considered a reemerging infection in developed countries, particularly in children who go to nurseries and kindergartens. The aim of this study was to perform clinical and molecular characterization of giardiasis in preschool aged children living in Lisbon. It was developed from April to July 2009 and it had a target population of 685 children, aged between three to six years old, of 10 public kindergartens of the capital. 317 children were involved. G. duodenalis was isolated in eight of them, corresponding to a prevalence of 2.5%, and in a cohabitant brother of one. This enteric protozoan was the only potential pathogenic parasite identified in stool samples collected. Genotyping of G.duodenalis has shown that genotype A (5 isolates) was more prevalent than genotype B (3 isolates). It was not possible to identify the genotype of one human G. duodenalis isolate. Within the same school children infected had the same genotype of Giardia. The spectrum of clinical manifestations ranged between diarrhea, flatulence, anorexia, abdominal pain and bloating. It was not possible to correlate the clinical findings with the genetic variability of G.duodenalis found, due the low number of cases of giardiasis. One child had a bad weight progression. All children infected were treated with metronidazole without known adverse effects. Stool samples control was carried out two weeks later, and it was negative. This study has contributed to a better understanding of giardiasis in Portugal

Physiological predictors of maximal incremental running performance

Purpose: The aim of this study was to verify whether physiological components [vertical jumps (Squat Jump – SJ and Countermovement Jump – CMJ), eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) of vertical jumps, running economy (RE), metabolic cost (CMET ), first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1 and VT2) maximal oxygen uptake (VO2MAX)] can predict maximal endurance running performance. Methods: Twenty male runners performed maximal vertical jumps, submaximal running at constant speeds, and maximal incremental running test. Before, we measured anthropometric parameters (body mass and height) and registered the training history and volume. SJ and CMJ tests were evaluated prior to running tests. Initially, the oxygen uptake (VO2) was collected at rest in the orthostatic position for 6 min. Soon after, a 10-min warm-up was performed on the treadmill at 10 km·h −1 , followed by two 5-min treadmill rectangular tests at 12 and 16 km·h −1 monitored by a gas analyzer. After that, the runners performed a maximal incremental test, where the VT1, VT2, and VO2MAX were evaluated, as well as the maximum running speed (vVO2MAX). Thus, RE and CMET were calculated with data obtained during rectangular running tests. Multivariate stepwise regression analyses were conducted to measure the relationship between independent variables (height and power of SJ and CMJ, EUR; RE and CMET 12 and 16 km·h −1 ; VT1, VT2, and VO2MAX), as predictors of maximal running performance (vVO2MAX), with significance level at α = 0.05. Results: We found that VO2MAX and RE at 16 km·h −1 predict 81% of performance (vVO2MAX) of endurance runners (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The main predictors of the maximal incremental running test performance were VO2MAX and RE