461 research outputs found
Desayunos de oración y estado laico
Se analiza la constitucionalidad de ciertas prácticas religiosas estadounidense con el principio de separación Iglesia-Estado establecido en la Primera Enmienda a la Constitución Norteamericana. Con ocasión de la visita del Presidente RodrÃguez Zapatero a un desayuno de oración se extraen conclusiones aplicables en el proceso de reforma de la Ley Orgánica 7/1980, de Libertad Religios
SimbologÃa religiosa y separación en los Estados Unidos de América. La doctrina del tribunal supremo en la sentencia Van Orden v. Perry
VLT/VIMOS integral field spectroscopy of luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies: 2D kinematic properties
We present and discuss the 2D kinematic properties of the ionized gas
(Halpha) in a sample of 38 local (ultra) luminous infrared galaxies [(U)LIRGs]
(31 LIRGs and 7 ULIRGs) observed with VIMOS at the VLT using integral field
spectroscopy. This sample covers well the less studied LIRG luminosity range
and includes isolated disks, interacting systems, and mergers. The majority of
the galaxies have two main kinematically distinct components. One component
(i.e., narrow or systemic) extends over the whole line-emitting region and is
characterized by small to intermediate velocity dispersions (i.e., sigma from
30 to 160 km s^-1). It traces the overall velocity field. The second component
(broad) has in general a larger velocity dispersion (up to 320 km s^-1), mainly
found in the inner regions and generally blueshifted with respect to the
systemic component. Most of the objects (76%) are dominated by rotation, more
relevant in LIRGs than in ULIRGs. Isolated disks, interacting galaxies, and
merging systems define a sequence of increasing mean velocity dispersion, and
decreasing velocity field amplitude.The LIRGs classified as isolated disks have
similar velocity amplitudes but larger mean velocity dispersions (44 vs. 24 km
s^-1) than local spirals, implying a larger turbulence and thicker disks.
Interacting systems and mergers have values closer to those of low velocity
dispersion ellipticals/lenticular galaxies (E/SOs). The (U)LIRGs classified as
mergers have kinematic properties similar to those shown by the Lyman break
analogs (LBAs). The dynamical masses range from \sim 0.04 m* to 1.4 m* (i.e.,
m* = 1.4x10^{11} Msun), with ULIRGs (M{dyn} sim 0.5 +/- 0.2 m*) being more
massive than LIRGs by, on average, a factor of about 2. The mass ratio of
individual pre-coalescence galaxies is <2.5 for most of the systems, confirming
that most (U)LIRG mergers involve sub-m* galaxies of similar mass.Comment: 66 pages, 5 figures plus 45 figures in App. A; accepted for
publication in A&
Libertad religiosa y seguridad pública en la experiencia jurÃdica canadiense
En este trabajo de Derecho comparado se analiza la seguridad pública como lÃmite al ejercicio del derecho de libertad religiosa. Se aborda la cuestión en un ámbito social concreto, como es el de la escuela pública canadiense. Como punto de partida, se toma en consideración una Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de Canadá en la que se autoriza el empleo de un elemento de adscripción religiosa -'kirpan'-, potencialmente lesivo, por parte de un alumno perteneciente a la confesión religiosa 'sikh'. Desde un punto de vista crÃtico se analiza la fundamentación jurÃdica de la Sentencia y se pone en relación con la doctrina constitucional española referida a los lÃmites al ejercicio del derecho de libertad religiosa. ------ This paper on Comparative law analyses public security as a limit to the exercise of the religious freedom. The question is focused on a concrete social environment: the Canadian public schools. For that goal a Sentence of the Supreme Court of Canada, is taken into account. This decision authorizes the use of an aspect of religious adscription -'kirpan'-, potentially detrimental, item by of a student belonging to a religious denomination: 'sikh'. From a critical point of view, the findings of the Sentence are analysed and placed in relation to the Spanish constitutional doctrine referred to the limits of the exercise of the right to religious freedom
Ionized gas outflows and global kinematics of low-z luminous star forming galaxies
We study the kinematic properties of the ambient ionized ISM and ionized gas
outflows in a large and representative sample of local luminous and
ultraluminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs) (58 systems, 75 galaxies), on the
basis of integral field spectroscopy (IFS)-based high S/N integrated spectra at
galactic and sub-galactic, i.e. star forming (SF) clumps, scales.
Ambient ionized gas. The velocity dispersion of the ionized ISM in U/LIRGs
( ~ 70 kms-1) is larger than in lower luminosity local star forming
galaxies ( ~ 25 kms-1). While for isolated disc LIRGs star formation
appears to sustain turbulence, gravitational energy release associated to
interactions and mergers plays an important role driving sigma in the U/LIRG
range. We also find that the impact of an AGN in ULIRGs is strong, increasing
sigma by a factor 1.5 on average. The observed weak dependency of sigma with
SFR surface density for local U/LIRGs is in very good agreement with that
measured in some high-z samples.
Ionized outflows. The presence of ionized gas outflows in U/LIRGs seems
universal based on the detection of a broad, usually blueshifted, Halpha line.
AGNs in U/LIRGs are able to generate faster (x2) and more massive (x1.4)
ionized gas outflows than pure starbursts. The derived ionized mass loading
factors are in general below one, with only a few AGNs above this limit. Only a
small fraction of the ionized material from low mass LIRGs (log(Mdyn/Msun) <
10.4) could reach the intergalactic medium, with more massive galaxies
retaining the gas. The observed average outflow properties in U/LIRGs are
similar to high-z galaxies of comparable SFR. In the bright SF clumps found in
LIRGs, ionized gas outflows appear to be very common. For a given SFR surface
density, outflows in LIRG clumps would be about one to two orders of magnitude
less energetic than those launched by clumps in high-z SF galaxies.Comment: 36 pages, 20 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in A&
INTEGRAL Spectroscopy of IRAS 17208-0014: Implications for the Evolutionary Scenarios of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
New integral field optical fiber spectroscopy obtained with the INTEGRAL
system, together with archival {\it {\it HST}} WFPC2 and NICMOS images, have
been used to investigate the ultraluminous infrared galaxy IRAS 172080014,
one of the coldest and most luminous objects in the IRAS 1 Jy sample. The 2D
gas velocity field identifies the {\it optically faint} K-band nucleus as the
{\it true} dynamical nucleus of the galaxy, and shows that the 3 kpc, tilted (i
35 degree) disk is rotating at Vsin= 250 km s. The
kinematical, morphological and photometric evidence presented here supports the
idea that in IRAS 17208-0014 we are witnessing a luminous, cool ULIRG which is
at the final coalescence phase of a system composed of two spirals with m
m, a mass ratio of 2:1, each consisting of a disk+bulge internal
structure, that have been involved in a prograde encounter. This system will
most likely evolve into an intermediate-mass ( L) elliptical. The
multifrequency empirical evidence gathered so far shows no trace of a luminous
QSO, and indicates that starbursts dominate the energy output in this galaxy.
Therefore IRAS 172080014 questions the universality of the ULIRG to QSO
evolutionary scenario proposed by Sanders and collaborators, and supports the
one recently proposed by Colina et al, where two low mass disk galaxies would
produce luminous cool ULIRGs that would not evolve into a QSO phase. (abridge)Comment: Astrophysical Journal (in press
Outflow of hot and cold molecular gas from the obscured secondary nucleus of NGC3256: closing in on feedback physics
The nuclei of merging galaxies are often deeply buried in dense layers of gas
and dust. In these regions, gas outflows driven by starburst and AGN activity
are believed to play a crucial role in the evolution of these galaxies.
However, to fully understand this process it is essential to resolve the
morphology and kinematics of such outflows. Using near-IR integral-field
spectroscopy obtained with VLT/SINFONI, we detect a kpc-scale structure of
high-velocity molecular hydrogen (H2) gas associated with the deeply buried
secondary nucleus of the IR-luminous merger NGC3256. We show that this
structure is likely the hot component of a molecular outflow, which is detected
also in the cold molecular gas by Sakamoto et al. This outflow, with a
molecular gas mass of M(H2)~2x10^7 Msun, is among the first to be spatially
resolved in both the hot H2 gas with VLT/SINFONI and the cold CO-emitting gas
with ALMA. The hot and cold components share a similar morphology and
kinematics, with a hot-to-cold molecular gas mass ratio of ~6x10^-5. The high
(~100 pc) resolution at which we map the geometry and velocity structure of the
hot outflow reveals a biconical morphology with opening angle ~40 deg and gas
spread across a FWZI~1200 km/s. Because this collimated outflow is oriented
close to the plane of the sky, the molecular gas may reach maximum intrinsic
outflow velocities of ~1800 km/s, with an average mass outflow rate of at least
~20 Msun/yr. By modeling the line-ratios of various near-IR H2 transitions, we
show that the H2 gas in the outflow is heated through shocks or X-rays to a
temperature of ~1900K. The energy needed to drive the outflow is likely
provided by a hidden Compton-thick AGN or by the nuclear starburst. We show
that the global kinematics of the molecular outflow in NGC3256 mimic those of
CO-outflows that have been observed at low spatial resolution in starburst- and
active galaxies.Comment: Accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics (accepted 29 Aug 2014 v.3,
initial submission v.1 14 March 2014), 13 pages, 8 figure
Relaciones entre el Estado y las confesiones religiosas en España. Apuntes históricos y regulación actual a la luz de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos
Hasta la entrada en vigor de la Constitución, el modelo constitucional de relaciones Iglesia-Estado se caracterizó, salvo algunas breves excepciones, por la confesionalidad católica. Bajo el actual régimen constitucional se ha instaurado un régimen de laicidad positiva que viene enmarcado por el principio de cooperación entre el Estado y las confesiones y que sirve, a su vez, como garantÃa de la libertad religiosa
Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo (Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo, Sección 7.ª), de 14 de febrero de 2013 (ROJ STS 693/2013)
Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo (Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo, Sección 7.ª), de 14 de febrero de 2013 (ROJ STS 693/2013
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