Lifeguard Performance Skills: A Systematic Review

Drowning is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and lifeguards’ action can be regarded as a significant contribution to change that reality. In this regard, the purpose of this systematic review was to identify factors associated with lifeguards’ performance. After extensive research on PsycArticles, PsicBooks, PsycInfo, SportDiscus, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and SportDiscus databases, containing the keywords “lifeguard” AND “performance”, “lifeguard” AND “skills” and “lifeguard” AND “drowning”, we obtained 429 research articles. After eliminating duplicates, excluding those that had no relevance to the study, and screening against set criteria, a total of five articles were fully reviewed. Four quantitative studies and one qualitative study were included in the present review. An analysis of the data was carried out and the findings indicated that there are determining factors for the successful performance of the lifeguard’s activity. Results indicate that factors related to the physical, technical, and psychological components are essential for an improved lifeguard’s performance. The analysis of the data also highlights the lack of studies related to behavioural competencies

A checklist of the bryophytes of Distrito Federal (Brasília, Brazil)

The Distrito Federal, one of the most important centers of plant endemism in central Brazil, is located in the center of Brazil, with an area of 5,814 km2 at coordinates 15o30’ S, 16o03’W. Cerrado vegetation covers the region. The main city in the Distrito Federal is Brasília, the capital of Brazil with a population of 2.5 million. In the last two decades the anthropogenic action has reduced the original plant cover drastically. In this paper a checklist of the bryophytes (Marchantiophyta, Bryophyta and Anthocerotophyta) is presented. A total of 176 species are listed, 114 among Bryophyta, 61 among Marchantiophyta and 1 in the Anthocerotophyta. The families best represented are the Bryaceae and Sematophyllaceae (Bryophyta), and the Jubulaceae and Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophya).O Distrito Federal, reconhecido com um dos principais centros de diversidade e endemismo de espécies vegetais do Brasil Central, está localizado no centro do pais, com uma área de 5.814 Km2, entre as coordenadas 15°30’ S, 16°03’O. A região é coberta pela vegetação de cerrado. A principal cidade do Distrito Federal é Brasilia, com uma população de 2,5 milhões de habitantes. Nas últimas duas décadas ação do homem tem reduzido draticamente a cobertura vegetal original. Neste trabalho é apresentado um cheklist das briófitas (Marchantiophyta, Bryophyta e Anthocerotophyta). Um total de 176 especies são listadas, 114 entre a Divisão Bryophyta, 61 na Divisão Marchantiophya e um entre Anthocerotophyta. As familias melhor representadas são: Bryaceae e Sematophyllaceae (Bryophyta) e Jubulaceae e Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta)

Funcionalismo e causação mental

O que colocou o fundonalismo no centro do debate em tomo do problema mente-cmpo nos últimos trinta anos parece ter sido a sua capacidade de condliar intuições fisicalistas com uma espécie de não-redudonismo: se por um lado postula-se a existência de entes físicos somente, distribuídos em uma ontologia estratificada, por outro não se falha em explicitar uma distinção real entre as propriedades de entes capacitados a sentir e representar. A supemniência mente-corpo aparentam esclarecer essas intuições dos jisica/istas não-redutims. Vários dos trabalhos de Kim em tomo dessa relação, em especial aqueles publicados antes do fim da década de. oitenta, sugeriram a supemniência como uma possível, e promissora, elucidação do estado de coisas em tor no do problema da relação entre a mentalidade e o fisico. Nos últimos anos, contudo, Kim apresentou um dilema, expressando com bastante pungência que a causação mental revela-se ininteligível, valendo ou não valendo a supemniência mente -corpo. Por conseguinte, a superveniência deixa de compor uma possível solução para o problema, passando a constituí-lo. Como tal conceito de sujxrveniênda mente-corpo estende-se naturalmente a uma região de intersecção entre todas ai posturas não -reducionistas minimamentefisicalistas, as preocupações de Kim, se defato justificadas, sugerem algo de bastante grave com o fisicalismo não-redudonista. Defenderemos neste trabalho que, apesar do problema da exclusão causal sergenuíno, ainda é cedo para concluirmos a falsid ade do fisicalismo não-redutivo. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTWhat has placed functionalism in the center o f the debate around the mind-body problem in the last three decades seems to ham been its capacity to conciliate pbysicalist intuitions with non-reductionism: if, on the one hand, the functionalist o f plysicalist persuasion postulates the existence o f physical entities only, distributed in a stratified ontological model, on the other, she does not sly away fm m a realism regarding these entities 's properties, in particular with respect to the ones related to sensing and representing. Mitul-body sttpemnience seems to haiv come along to bring light upon these non-reductionist andpljysicalist intuitions. KJm, notably in the eighties, suggested supervenience to offer a clear sense in which the relation between mentality and the physical could be understood. In the last years, nonetheless, he has become increasingly skeptic about the possibility o f our understanding mental causation through mind-body supervenience. H e sets forth a dilemma, according to which mental causation is unintelligible, etm mere supervenience true. In Kim ’s vie», then, mind-body supervenience turns out to compose the problem, instead o f expressing a solution to it. Moreover, since mind-body supervenience seems to apply to a ll minimally pkysicalist positions on the mind-body problem, K im ’s misgivings suggest something critical with non-reductive pbysicalism in general. We shall argue in this paper that, although Kim's misgivings seem justified, it would be headlong to assume the falsity o f non-reductive pljysicalism

Calibration of the X-ray Diffraction Technique in Measuring In-service Stresses in Corrugated Steel Bars

[EN]The X-ray diffraction technique for determining residual stresses in construction steels has been commonly used in the international scientific community for decades. Taking advantage of the concepts on which the technique is based, the authors have previously calibrated and used the technique for the in situ determination of the stress states of metallic structures in service. This article presents an advance in the latter utility by means of the laboratory calibration of the X-ray diffraction technique in corrugated steel. The interaction between radiation and steel is complex, so, in the scientific community, it is considered pertinent to resort to empirical and experimental calibration processes. Two bars of corrugated steel were subjected to increasing tensile loads. The load states introduced in the testing machine were compared with those determined by X-ray diffraction. The correlation between the values of the loads applied and those determined by the proposed technique is excellent. The experimental conditions of the calibration tests are precisely detailed so that they are easily reproducible. This work represents a necessary first step in employing the technique in the buildings or civil works.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. National R&D Plan of the Government of Spain and the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). PES 11/32

Experimental analysis of a t-stub component subjected to impact loading

After the accidents occurred during the first decade of this millennium, such as the World Trade Center (2001), London (2005) and Madrid (2004), special attention was given to the study of robust structures subjected to different accidental loads. The World Trade Center attack highlighted troublesome weakness in connections, which exhibited poor performance caused by brittle failure. Structural details played a very significant behavioural role when the structure is subjected to impulsive loads [1]. Concerning the behaviour of steel joint, the literature presents several studies on steel connections under both static and cyclic loads [2, 3]; many results of these studies have contributed for improving the current standards, such as the Eurocode 3, part 1-8 [4]. However, only scarce information exists concerning the behaviour of these joints directly loaded by higher loading rates [5]. This paper is devoted to the report of an experimental programme on steel joints under impact loading, in particular to the assessment of T-stub response under tension. The T-stub is used to evaluate the behaviour of the tensile components that are responsible for the deformability of the joint, such as the end plate in bending. Firstly, the paper describes the features of an experimental system developed at the University of Coimbra, to apply high rates of loading; then, it presents the experimental campaign and the corresponding results. The test apparatus is defined by a rigid reaction frame fixed to a reaction slab and connected to a rigid “flying beam” (HEM 340, S355J2); the impact force is applied in this beam through a pneumatic driven cylinder ( = 125 mm). This “flying beam” consists in a second class lever pivot located at the opposite end of the cylinder location, and the tested specimen is subjected to the dynamic force at the middle of this beam. The pneumatic cylinder was designed to work with a maximum operating pressure of 30 MPa. During the impact tests, force, displacements, accelerations and strains are measured. Because this type of tests occurs in a very short time intervals (hundredths of a second), specific equipment with large sample rate are used. The experimental programme includes two impact tests on welded T-stubs: i) test T-10-D120-160 - rapidly applied loading of 120 Bar [12 MPa], followed by 160 Bar [16 MPa]; and ii) test T-10-D160 - rapidly applied loading of a single impact equal to 160 Bar [16 MPa]. The results of these tests are compared against reference quasi-static tests [6]. The T-stub geometry is defined by two plates, the flange and the web, both with 10 mm of thickness and welded by means of a continuous 45º fillet. The flange is bolted through two bolts M20, grade 8.8 fully threaded

GESTÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA: POLÍTICAS PARA SEGURANÇA E A PRESERVAÇÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL NAS IES

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a importância das políticas desenvolvidas para a implantação de um sistema de segurança e preservação da informação nas IES, de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela ABNT. A metodologia utilizada foi a abordagem qualitativa descritiva e quanto aos meios, pesquisa bibliográfica e documental utilizando o método de raciocínio dedutivo e pesquisa aplicada. Constatou-se que as IES incorporaram novas ferramentas de tecnologias da informação, produtos e estruturas em seus processos de gestão acadêmica, possibilitando a troca de experiências com o compartilhamento da produção técnico-científica do corpo docente e discente entre as IES, e a sociedade. A NBR ISO/IEC 27002/2005- trata das Tecnologias da informação e técnicas de segurança- código de prática para a gestão da segurança da informação, que é obtida a partir da implementação de um conjunto de controles adequados, incluindo políticas, processos, procedimentos, estruturas organizacionais e funções de softwares e hardwares. A referida Norma recomenda além dos cuidados o planejamento para a segurança da informação requer a participação e o comprometimento dos funcionários da organização. Portanto, verifica-se que a informação digital está constantemente vulnerável, constituindo uma preocupação em escala mundial das organizações, sejam elas, públicas ou privadas bem como, a sociedade como um todo

A BIBLIOTECA UNIVERSITÁRIA DA UFSC COMO ESPAÇO DE ENSINO/APRENDIZAGEM: PROPOSTA DE DIRETRIZES PARA UMA BIBLIOTECA ESCOLA UTILIZANDO OS CONCEITOS DA INFORMATION LITERACY

No Brasil, as bibliotecas universitárias tem um peso relevante nas avaliações das Instituições de Ensino Superior, além de apoiar a pesquisa, o ensino e o aprendizado através da provisão do acesso à informação. O mercado de trabalho exige do bibliotecário novas habilidades e conhecimentos, definidos como competência em informação, com ênfase no aprendizado no decorrer da vida. A ideia de criar um modelo de biblioteca escola é amparado em outros modelos já existentes: hospital-escola, farmácia-escola que buscam envolver o estudante em situações reais de aprendizagem. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão literária em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, em periódicos, dissertações de mestrado, teses de doutorado bem como, livros sobre o assunto. Amplia-se esta pesquisa por meio dos procedimentos metodológicos adotados, com aplicação de enquete inicial e posteriormente aplicação de questionários, que deverão proporcionar avaliações e reflexões sobre o assunto, possibilitando o alcance do principal resultado que é, desenvolver um modelo de biblioteca – escola, a partir da integração entre os processos de ensino desenvolvidos nas disciplinas dos Cursos de Graduação em Biblioteconomia e Arquivologia do Depto de Ciências da Informação do CED, com a estrutura organizacional e funcional atual da Biblioteca Universitária da UFSC

Validity of neural networks to determine body position on the bicycle

Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Criterion validity of neural networks to assess lower limb motion during cycling

The use of marker-less methods to automatically obtain kinematics of movement is expanding but validity to high-velocity tasks such as cycling with the presence of the bicycle on the field of view is needed when standard video footage is obtained. The purpose of this study was to assess if pre-trained neural networks are valid for calculations of lower limb joint kinematics during cycling. Motion of twenty-six cyclists pedalling on a cycle trainer was captured by a video camera capturing frames from the sagittal plane whilst reflective markers were attached to their lower limb. The marker-tracking method was compared to two established deep learning-based approaches (Microsoft Research Asia-MSRA and OpenPose) to estimate hip, knee and ankle joint angles. Poor to moderate agreement was found for both methods, with OpenPose differing from the criterion by 4–8° for the hip and knee joints. Larger errors were observed for the ankle joint (15–22°) but no significant differences between methods throughout the crank cycle when assessed using Statistical Parametric Mapping were observed for any of the joints. OpenPose presented stronger agreement with marker-tracking (criterion) than the MSRA for the hip and knee joints but resulted in poor agreement for the ankle joint.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft