Apego y psicopatología materna: relación con el estilo de apego del bebé al año de vida

La presente investigación tiene por objeto describir y analizar la relación entre el estilo de apego materno, la presencia o ausencia de indicadores de psicopatología en la madre, y el estilo de apego de su bebé al año de vida. Para ello se utilizó un diseño correlacional de corte transversal en el cual se seleccionó una muestra de 72 díadas madre / primer bebé. Para acceder al apego del bebé se realizó la Situación Extraña cuando tenían entre 11 y 15 meses de vida. Posteriormente, a las madres se les aplicó el cuestionario de autorreporte CAMIR para acceder a sus representaciones de apego y al cuestionario OQ-45.2 para obtener un índice de funcionalidad en las áreas de sintomatología ansiosa - depresiva, relaciones interpersonales y rol social. Los resultados indican que no existe una asociación significativa entre el estilo de apego de la madre y el estilo de apego del bebé. Sin embargo, la variable psicopatología materna tiene una capacidad predictiva del 69.4% sobre el apego del bebé

Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) in Different Hispanic Countries: An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Parental burnout is a unique and context-specific syndrome resulting from a chronic imbalance of risks over resources in the parenting domain. The current research aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) across Spanish-speaking countries with two consecutive studies. In Study 1, we analyzed the data through a bifactor model within an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) on the pooled sample of participants (N = 1,979) obtaining good fit indices. We then attained measurement invariance across both gender and countries in a set of nested models with gradually increasing parameter constraints. Latent means comparisons across countries showed that among the participants' countries, Chile had the highest parental burnout score, likewise, comparisons across gender evidenced that mothers displayed higher scores than fathers, as shown in previous studies. Reliability coefficients were high. In Study 2 (N = 1,171), we tested the relations between parental burnout and three specific consequences, i.e., escape and suicidal ideations, parental neglect, and parental violence toward one's children. The medium to large associations found provided support for the PBA's predictive validity. Overall, we concluded that the Spanish version of the PBA has good psychometric properties. The results support its relevance for the assessment of parental burnout among Spanish-speaking parents, offering new opportunities for cross-cultural research in the parenting domain

Mentalization and Parental Stress: How Do They Predict Mother–Child Interactions?

Parent–child interactions can be negatively influenced by contextual, individual, and familial factors. The present study examines how parental stress and parental mentalization predicts interactions between 36–48-month-old preschoolers and their mothers. The sample comprises 106 mother–child dyads from Santiago, Chile, from a mid-low SES. The instruments used were the Parental Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), Mentalization in the Significant Adult during Interaction with the Child between 10 to 48 months old, and Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO). A regression model was used to determine the significant impacts of mentalization and parental stress on interactions. The results indicate that the Encouragement dimension of parent–child interaction is predicted by emotional mentalization and parental distress, while the Teaching dimension of parent–child interaction is impacted by the cognitive dimension of mentalization and the perception that the child is difficult (stress difficult child). No association for the Responsivity and Affectivity dimension was observed

Presencia del padre y calidad de la interacción madre-hijo: un estudio comparativo en familias chilenas nucleares y monoparentales

Universitas Psychologica, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 833-843Estudios recientes muestran la influencia de la presencia del padre en la salud mental familiar, incidiendo, entre otras variables, en el vínculo madre-hijo. Considerando este antecedente, se realizó un análisis comparativo de la calidad de la interacción madre-hijo en diadas pertenecientes a familias chilenas nucleares y monoparentales de bajos ingresos. Se estudiaron 80 diadas, 40 pertenecientes a familias monoparentales a cargo de madre y 40 pertenecientes a familias nucleares. Las edades de los niños estudiados varían entre 4 y 17 meses (M = 12.36, DE = 3.2) y las de las madres entre 15 y 44 años (M = 26.74, DE = 7.53). Se evaluó la respuesta sensible materna y la calidad de la interacción con el instrumento CARE-Index (Crittenden, 1997). Los resultados muestran interacciones de mayor calidad en las diadas pertenecientes a familias nucleares, con diferencias significativas y tamaños de efecto mediano en los aspectos cognitivos de la interacción

Mentalization and Parental Stress: How Do They Predict Mother–Child Interactions?

Parent–child interactions can be negatively influenced by contextual, individual, and familial factors. The present study examines how parental stress and parental mentalization predicts interactions between 36–48-month-old preschoolers and their mothers. The sample comprises 106 mother–child dyads from Santiago, Chile, from a mid-low SES. The instruments used were the Parental Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), Mentalization in the Significant Adult during Interaction with the Child between 10 to 48 months old, and Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO). A regression model was used to determine the significant impacts of mentalization and parental stress on interactions. The results indicate that the Encouragement dimension of parent–child interaction is predicted by emotional mentalization and parental distress, while the Teaching dimension of parent–child interaction is impacted by the cognitive dimension of mentalization and the perception that the child is difficult (stress difficult child). No association for the Responsivity and Affectivity dimension was observed

Presencia del padre y calidad de la interacción madre-hijo: un estudio comparativo en familias chilenas nucleares y monoparentales

Recent studies show the importance of the father’s presence on the family’s mental health, affecting, among others, on the mother-child bond. Considering this information, the present study does a comparative analysis of the quality of mother-child interaction on dyads of nuclear and single-mother, Chilean, low-income families. 80 Dyads were studied, 40 belonging to single-mother families and 40 to nuclear families. The children’s ages were between 4 and 17 months (M = 12.36, SD = 3.2) and the mothers between 15 and 44 years old (M = 26.74, SD = 7.53). The mother’s sensitivity answer and the quality of the interaction were evaluated with the CARE-Index (Crittenden, 1997) instrument. The results show a greater interaction quality among nuclear families, with important differences and medium effect sizes on the cognitive aspects of the interaction.Estudios recientes muestran la influencia de la presencia del padre en la salud mental familiar, incidiendo, entre otras variables, en el vínculo madre-hijo. Considerando este antecedente, se realizó un análisis comparativo de la calidad de la interacción madre-hijo en diadas pertenecientes a familias chilenas nucleares y monoparentales de bajos ingresos. Se estudiaron 80 diadas, 40 pertenecientes a familias monoparentales a cargo de madre y 40 pertenecientes a familias nucleares. Las edades de los niños estudiados varían entre 4 y 17 meses (M = 12.36, DE = 3.2) y las de las madres entre 15 y 44 años (M = 26.74, DE = 7.53). Se evaluó la respuesta sensible materna y la calidad de la interacción con el instrumento CARE-Index (Crittenden, 1997). Los resultados muestran interacciones de mayor calidad en las diadas pertenecientes a familias nucleares, con diferencias significativas y tamaños de efecto mediano en los aspectos cognitivos de la interacción

Presencia del padre y calidad de la interacción madre-hijo: un estudio comparativo en familias chilenas nucleares y monoparentales

Recent studies show the importance of the father’s presence on the family’s mental health, affecting, among others, on the mother-child bond. Considering this information, the present study does a comparative analysis of the quality of mother-child interaction on dyads of nuclear and single-mother, Chilean, low-income families. 80 Dyads were studied, 40 belonging to single-mother families and 40 to nuclear families. The children’s ages were between 4 and 17 months (M = 12.36, SD = 3.2) and the mothers between 15 and 44 years old (M = 26.74, SD = 7.53). The mother’s sensitivity answer and the quality of the interaction were evaluated with the CARE-Index (Crittenden, 1997) instrument. The results show a greater interaction quality among nuclear families, with important differences and medium effect sizes on the cognitive aspects of the interaction.Estudios recientes muestran la influencia de la presencia del padre en la salud mental familiar, incidiendo, entre otras variables, en el vínculo madre-hijo. Considerando este antecedente, se realizó un análisis comparativo de la calidad de la interacción madre-hijo en diadas pertenecientes a familias chilenas nucleares y monoparentales de bajos ingresos. Se estudiaron 80 diadas, 40 pertenecientes a familias monoparentales a cargo de madre y 40 pertenecientes a familias nucleares. Las edades de los niños estudiados varían entre 4 y 17 meses (M = 12.36, DE = 3.2) y las de las madres entre 15 y 44 años (M = 26.74, DE = 7.53). Se evaluó la respuesta sensible materna y la calidad de la interacción con el instrumento CARE-Index (Crittenden, 1997). Los resultados muestran interacciones de mayor calidad en las diadas pertenecientes a familias nucleares, con diferencias significativas y tamaños de efecto mediano en los aspectos cognitivos de la interacción