49 research outputs found
Governing by internet architecture
In the past thirty years, the exponential rise in the number of Internet users around the word and the intensive use of the digital networks have brought to light crucial political issues. Internet is now the object of regulations. Namely, it is a policy domain. Yet, its own architecture represents a new regulative structure, one deeply affecting politics and everyday life. This article considers some of the main transformations of the Internet induced by privatization and militarization processes, as well as their consequences on societies and human beings.En los Ăşltimos treinta años ha crecido de manera exponencial el nĂşmero de usuarios de Internet alrededor del mundo y el uso intensivo de conexiones digitales ha traĂdo a la luz cuestiones polĂticas cruciales. Internet es ahora objeto de regulaciones. Es decir, es un ámbito de la polĂtica. AĂşn su propia arquitectura representa una nueva estructura reguladora, que afecta profundamente la polĂtica y la vida cotidiana. Este artĂculo considera algunas de las principales transformaciones de Internet inducida por procesos de privatizaciĂłn y militarizaciĂłn, como tambiĂ©n sus consecuencias en las sociedades y en los seres humanos
Between reason of state and reason of market: the developments of internet governance in historical perspective
“No sovereignty, no elected government, no authority, no borders”. It was exactly
twenty years ago, John Perry Barlow proclaimed his Declaration of the Independence of
Cyberspace. And those were his keywords. Today, we can say that the development of
Internet governance as a global policy arena is the answer to the questions that Barlow
believed irrelevant to the proper development of cyberspace. If founding myths
about an ungovernable, borderless, and intangible Internet have been demolished,
what power relations have emerged in the Internet governance arena? What are the
ideas –or the normative values– that sustain and legitimize the political role of governmental
and nongovernmental actors? And, finally, is the multi-stakeholder model
capable of grasping the real conflicts over political power, or is it part of those conflicts,
a narrative supporting specific interests and coalitions? The main aim of this
article is to consider these issues by analysing the developments of political conflicts
over Internet governance, from the IAHC to WSIS, until recent processes such as the
WCIT and NetMundial.“Ninguna soberanĂa, ningĂşn gobierno electivo, ninguna autoridad, ningĂşn confĂn”.
Hace veinte años, John Perry Barlow proclamó su Declaración de Independencia del
Ciberespacio. Y estas eran las palabras clave. Hoy dĂa, podemos afirmar que el desarrollo
del Internet Governance como ámbito de policy global responde a las preguntas que Barlow
consideraba irrelevantes precisamente por lo que al desarrollo del ciberespacio se
referĂa. Una vez que los mitos fundadores de un Internet sin confines, inmaterial y falto
de estructuras de gobierno han sido derrotados, ¿cuáles son las relaciones de poder que
han emergido en el campo del dominio del Internet? ¿Cuáles son las ideas –o los valores
normativos– que sostienen y legitiman el papel polĂtico de los actores gubernamentales
y no gubernamentales? Además, ¿el modelo multi-stakeholder sabe distinguir los
conflictos de poder reales, o Ă©l mismo parte de esos conflictos, como un discurso de
apoyo de los intereses y de las coaliciones en juego? El objetivo principal del artĂculo
es analizar esos cuestionamientos a través del análisis del desarrollo de los conflictos
polĂticos respecto de la gobernanza de la red: del IAHC al WSIS, hasta llegar a los procesos
más recientes, como el WCIT y el NetMundial
Recommender systems: a novel approach based on singular value decomposition
Due to modern information and communication technologies (ICT), it is increasingly easier to exchange data and have new services available through the internet. However, the amount of data and services available increases the difficulty of finding what one needs. In this context, recommender systems represent the most promising solutions to overcome the problem of the so-called information overload, analyzing users' needs and preferences. Recommender systems (RS) are applied in different sectors with the same goal: to help people make choices based on an analysis of their behavior or users' similar characteristics or interests. This work presents a different approach for predicting ratings within the model-based collaborative filtering, which exploits singular value factorization. In particular, rating forecasts were generated through the characteristics related to users and items without the support of available ratings. The proposed method is evaluated through the MovieLens100K dataset performing an accuracy of 0.766 and 0.951 in terms of mean absolute error and root-mean-square error
Zoonotic Risk of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Animal-Assisted Interventions: Laboratory Strategies for the Diagnosis of Infections in Humans and Animals
The involvement of animals for therapeutic purposes has very ancient roots. To date, it is clear that animal-assisted interventions (AAIs), in addition to ensuring the replacement of missing or deficient affects, improves psychophysiological parameters connected to human health. However, AAI could potentially present risks related to the transmission of infectious agents from animals to humans. Among these microorganisms, E. cuniculi is a microspore which induces pathological effects (fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, breathlessness, respiratory symptoms, and weakness) in both humans and animals. Consequently, an accurate and fast diagnosis of E. cuniculi infection, as well as the identification of new diagnostic approaches, is of fundamental importance. This literature review was carried out to provide an extensive and comprehensive analysis of the most recent diagnostic techniques to prevent and care for E. cuniculi-associated risks in the AAI field
PapyRow: A Dataset of Row Images from Ancient Greek Papyri for Writers Identification
Papyrology is the discipline that studies texts written on ancient papyri. An important problem faced by papyrologists and, in general by paleographers, is to identify the writers, also known as scribes, who contributed to the drawing up of a manuscript. Traditionally, paleographers perform qualitative evaluations to distinguish the writers, and in recent years, these techniques have been combined with computer-based tools to automatically measure quantities such as height and width of letters, distances between characters, inclination angles, number and types of abbreviations, etc. Recently-emerged approaches in digital paleography combine powerful machine learning algorithms with high-quality digital images. Some of these approaches have been used for feature extraction, other to classify writers with machine learning algorithms or deep learning systems. However, traditional techniques require a preliminary feature engineering step that involves an expert in the field. For this reason, publishing a well-labeled dataset is always a challenge and a stimulus for the academic world as researchers can test their methods and then compare their results from the same starting point. In this paper, we propose a new dataset of handwriting on papyri for the task of writer identification. This dataset is derived directly from GRK-Papyri dataset and the samples are obtained with some enhancement image operation. This paper presents not only the details of the dataset but also the operation of resizing, rotation, background smoothing, and rows segmentation in order to overcome the difficulties posed by the image degradation of this dataset. It is prepared and made freely available for non-commercial research along with their confirmed ground-truth information related to the task of writer identification