Representações sociais de professores em formação continuada sobre o termojogono ensino de ciências

Esse trabalho apresenta uma análise preliminar das representações sociais de professores em formação continuada sobre o temo «Jogo» no ensino de ciências. A pesquisa baseia-se em análise qualitativa, sendo desenvolvida nos moldes do estudo de caso. O público-alvo é composto por professores das áreas de ciências da natureza que já concluíram o curso de licenciatura voltado paro o ensino de ciências naturais e atuam em escolas da rede pública e privada da Sul da Bahia- Brasil

A qualificação docente através de jogos e atividades lúdicas no ensino de química

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Educação Popular e Universidade: vivências a partir da extensão, pesquisa e ensino

Este livro é um apanhado histórico, mas atual. É uma reunião de relatos, textos, reflexões, processos, partilhas, que versam sobre nosso sonho de construir uma educação libertadora, um mundo de liberdade. Ainda há muito que ser construído e o caminho é árduo, não temos dúvida. A verdadeira práxis revolucionária não se nutre de seres apenas caminhantes, mas de seres que se envolvem com o caminhar, que são capazes de mudar, mudando a si mesmos também. Somos indivíduos sociais e pintamos o quadro da vida em múltiplas linguagens. É por isso que este livro também carrega diferentes apostas acadêmico-estético-políticas. Por meio de fotografias, poesias, relatos, ensaios e reflexões teóricas, olhares que abordaram com muito carinho e rigor o universo do PET Educação Popular. Foi escrito por várias mãos que constituíram a trajetória do grupo nas diversidades humanas (relações de sexo/gênero), étnico-raciais (negros, indígenas, imigrantes, nordestinos, pobres em geral) e de classes sociais. Combate-se assim, nas ações concretas, as desigualdades sociais, de sexo/gênero, étnico-racial etc, o patriarcado, machismo, LGBTQIA+fobia, o racismo e o capitalismo, a falta de democracia, de liberdade, que outrora iluminaram a modernidade do Capital.Ministério da Educação (MEC

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

The use of game alchemical speedway as a mediator of learning in the Chemistry teaching

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar um jogo didático intitulado Autódromo Alquímico e como esse tipo de metodologia pode contribuir para o Ensino de Química. As hipóteses de trabalho a priori são que atividades lúdicas e jogos desse tipo podem (i) favorecer a motivação dos alunos e o interesse dos mesmos em aprender (ii) desenvolver nos educandos habilidades cognitivas através das Funções Psicológicas Superiores (FPS) tais como: Emoção, Imaginação, Percepção, Atenção, Memória, Pensamento, Linguagem, Abstração e Generalização, por fim,(iii) possibilitar a significação e o aprofundamento do conhecimento a respeito da Alquimia e da Química. A pesquisa foi realizada na perspectiva do método de análise qualitativa, sendo desenvolvida nos moldes do estudo de caso. O Referencial Teórico utilizado e em relação à função do jogo é baseado em Vygotsky e seus alunos, Leontiev e Elkonin principalmente. A atividade lúdica trabalhada foi o Jogo Autódromo Alquímico e todas as suas etapas de aplicação inseridas no contexto da Educação em Química. Os colaboradores do trabalho foram 263 estudantes de nove turmas do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola particular da cidade de Itabuna no estado da Bahia. A obtenção dos dados foi realizada através de análises diagnósticas (iniciais, continuadas e finais) com perguntas abertas, além de filmagens digitais e entrevistas com os educandos sendo, posteriormente, tratados com a utilização de ferramentas da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados encontrados corroboraram as três hipóteses (i) (ii) e (iii). Os dados encontrados demonstraram existir uma relação direta entre a aplicação da atividade lúdica e uma maior ressignificação e aprofundamento do conhecimento em Química. Conclui-se que o Jogo foi benéfico para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em Ciências, pois houve aprendizagem e ressignificação do conhecimento da Alquimia e da Química. Também foi perceptível o desenvolvimento de várias habilidades apontadas como importantes para a formação de um cidadão crítico e reflexivo.The objective of this research was to analyze a didactic game titled Alchemical Speedway and how such a methodology can help to teach chemistry. Working hypotheses are that play activities and games of that type may (i) foster students\' motivation and interest in learning the same (ii) to develop in students the higher psychological functions (FPS) such as: Emotion, Imagination, Perception, Attention, Memory, Thought, Language, Abstraction and Generalization, finally, (iii) enable the significance and deepen the knowledge of alchemy and chemistry. The survey was conducted in view of the method of qualitative analysis, being developed as a case study. The theoretical basis and in relation to the function of the game is based on Vygotsky and his students, Leontiev and Elkonin mainly. Leisure activity was crafted game Alchemical Speedway and all stages of application placed in the context of Education in Chemistry. Employees of the study were 204 students from nine classes in 9th grade of elementary school to a private school in the city of Itabuna in the state of Bahia. Data collection was performed through diagnostic tests (initial, continuing and final) with open questions, in addition to digital footage and interviews with the students and subsequently treated with the use of tools of content analysis. The results corroborate the three hypotheses (i) (ii) and (iii). The data showed a direct relationship exists between the application of leisure activity and a major reframing and deepening of knowledge in chemistry. We conclude that the game was beneficial to the process of teaching and learning in science, because there was learning the knowledge of Alchemy and Chemistry. Also noticeable was the development of various skills identified as important for the formation of a critical and reflective citizen

Representações sociais de professores em formação continuada sobre o termojogono ensino de ciências

Esse trabalho apresenta uma análise preliminar das representações sociais de professores em formação continuada sobre o temo «Jogo» no ensino de ciências. A pesquisa baseia-se em análise qualitativa, sendo desenvolvida nos moldes do estudo de caso. O público-alvo é composto por professores das áreas de ciências da natureza que já concluíram o curso de licenciatura voltado paro o ensino de ciências naturais e atuam em escolas da rede pública e privada da Sul da Bahia- Brasil

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data