The Effect of Negative Buyer Feedback on Prices in Internet Auction Markets

The success of the Internet economy depends largely on how parties establish trust in their transactions. Building on the premise that the major role of Internet intermediaries is to ensure efficient and safe transactions between buyers and sellers, this study tested how buyer’s feedback scores on sellers accumulated from previous transactions affect the final bidding prices in the electronic auction market

Early Events in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection: Viral Entry

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic flavivirus, is an enveloped positive-strand RNA virus that can cause a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild febrile illness to severe neuroinvasive disease. Today, several killed and live vaccines are available in different parts of the globe for use in humans to prevent JEV-induced diseases, yet no antivirals are available to treat JEV-associated diseases. Despite the progress made in vaccine research and development, JEV is still a major public health problem in southern, eastern, and southeastern Asia, as well as northern Oceania, with the potential to become an emerging global pathogen. In viral replication, the entry of JEV into the cell is the first step in a cascade of complex interactions between the virus and target cells that is required for the initiation, dissemination, and maintenance of infection. Because this step determines cell/tissue tropism and pathogenesis, it is a promising target for antiviral therapy. JEV entry is mediated by the viral glycoprotein E, which binds virions to the cell surface (attachment), delivers them to endosomes (endocytosis), and catalyzes the fusion between the viral and endosomal membranes (membrane fusion), followed by the release of the viral genome into the cytoplasm (uncoating). In this multistep process, a collection of host factors are involved. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the viral and cellular components involved in JEV entry into host cells, with an emphasis on the initial virus-host cell interactions on the cell surface

Field Methods 2011-09-26

Field Session w Brianna and Sang-Imecorder: Marantz Professional PMD 660, microphone: Audio-Technica ATM 75Recorded at Department of Linguistics, New York University, 10 Washington Place, New York, NY 1000

Field sessions 2011-09-19

We aimed to look at some voicing contrast in Kazakh. We also elicit words to decide the vowel inventory.ecorder: Marantz Professional PMD 660, microphone: Audio-Technica ATM 75Recorded at Department of Linguistics, New York University, 10 Washington Place, New York, NY 1000

Field Session 2011-11-14

reduplicationecorder: Marantz Professional PMD 660, microphone: Audio-Technica ATM 75Recorded at Department of Linguistics, New York University, 10 Washington Place, New York, NY 1000

Field Session 2011-11-07

We elicited the embedded question sentenced and reduplication of the numerals.ecorder: Marantz Professional PMD 660, microphone: Audio-Technica ATM 75Recorded at Department of Linguistics, New York University, 10 Washington Place, New York, NY 1000

Field Session 2011-11-07

We elicited the embedded question sentenced and reduplication of the numerals.ecorder: Marantz Professional PMD 660, microphone: Audio-Technica ATM 75Recorded at Department of Linguistics, New York University, 10 Washington Place, New York, NY 1000

Field Methods 2011-09-26

Field Session w Brianna and Sang-Imecorder: Marantz Professional PMD 660, microphone: Audio-Technica ATM 75Recorded at Department of Linguistics, New York University, 10 Washington Place, New York, NY 1000

Hydrodynamic role of longitudinal dorsal ridges in a leatherback turtle swimming

Leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are known to have a superior diving ability and be highly adapted to pelagic swimming. They have five longitudinal ridges on their carapace. Although it was conjectured that these ridges might be an adaptation for flow control, no rigorous study has been performed to understand their hydrodynamic roles. Here we show that these ridges are slightly misaligned to the streamlines around the body to generate streamwise vortices, and suppress or delay flow separation on the carapace, resulting in enhanced hydrodynamic performances during different modes of swimming. Our results suggest that shapes of some morphological features of living creatures, like the longitudinal ridges of the leatherback turtles, need not be streamlined for excellent hydro- or aerodynamic performances, contrary to our common physical intuition.ope

Genetic assessment of the subspecies status of Eurasian Magpies (Pica pica) in Norway

Based on phenotypes, two subspecies of Eurasian Magpies (Pica pica) are recognized in Norway, with nominate P. p. pica in southern Norway, and P. p. fennorum in northern Norway. In this study, we investigated whether there are genetically distinct groups of Magpies in Norway, which can be considered in the discussion of the subspecies status. We collected DNA from 61 Magpies from seven locations in Norway, and measured genetic diversity using two types of markers: mitochondrial DNA sequences and microsatellites. Genetic differentiation among the Magpies was extremely low. Most of the variance was within populations, and th e population identity and the putative subspecies border did not explain the genetic variance among the samples. Although microsatellite markers indicated genetic differentiation, the pattern was not consistent with the geographic locations of the sampling sites. Mismatch analysis suggested that the Magpie populations in Norway were formed by rapid expansion. Our results suggest that all the Magpies in Norway have originated from the same refugia after the last glaciation, their colonization in Norway happened quickly, and that the subspecies status of Magpies in Norway needs to be reconsidere