Fish and Zooplankton Distributions in a Seasonally Hypoxic Fjord

Hypoxia has been identified as a major threat to marine ecosystem health in the world’s coastal waters including Puget Sound. This study is evaluating the potential effects of hypoxia on fish and zooplankton distributions in Hood Canal, WA, using multifrequency acoustics and net sampling. Field surveys were conducted monthly from June to October in 2012 and 2013 to characterize pre-, during, and post-hypoxia nekton distributions at four sites along the Canal. Using the repeated samplings and high-resolution survey data, we are examining how seasonal and inter-annual difference in the timing and intensity of hypoxia affects distributions of predators (primarily Pacific herring and Pacific hake) and prey (primarily copepods and euphausiids). Depth of the zooplankton backscatter layer changed seasonally with hypoxia intensity. Toward late-summer, the daytime zooplankton layer was closer to the surface, increasing the vertical separation between zooplankton and fish. In spite of low oxygen levels in late-summer, fish remained in low-oxygen regions of Hood Canal. This suggests a decrease in energy flow toward higher trophic level during hypoxia

A cerâmica artística: interfaces na contemporaneidade

One of the most ancient media employed by the human being, ceramics nowadays is passing through one of the most important conceptual revolutions of its history. As art expression, ceramics has crossing over centuries under the stigma of “low art” and it looked for refuge wherein researcher Garth Clark calls “Fortress ceramica”, recurring to an artistic ghetto built with its own communication vehicles, exposition spaces and events. This research investigates which were the echoes of this marginal condition that shaped pottery as it stands today among the visual arts and design, in a time of intense development of technological resources available and of non-materiality concept as expression. We look over the path of artists who, despite of hierarchic differences that segregate artist from artisan, gave new meanings to this form of expression that is one of the most primitives in history of humanity. From the historic revision of theories, both against or pro, about classification in “low art” or “high art”; “fine arts” or “applied arts”, we question the necessity of any categorization. The research analyzes also how the specificities of ceramics turns it as a legitimate representation of postmodern art, under the vision of theorists as Charles Jencks, Stuart Hall, Arthur Danto, Zygmunt Bauman, among others, by its capacity of adaptation to the new languages and to the nowadays concepts.Uma das mais antigas matérias-primas utilizadas pelo homem, a cerâmica vive hoje uma das mais importantes revoluções conceituais de sua história. Como expressão artística, a cerâmica tem atravessado séculos sob o estigma de “arte menor” e refugiada no que o pesquisador Garth Clark denomina “fortaleza cerâmica”, recorrendo a um gueto artístico construído com seus próprios veículos de comunicação, espaços expositivos e eventos. Esta pesquisa investiga quais foram os ecos desta condição marginal que conformaram a cerâmica tal como ela se apresenta na atualidade entre as artes visuais e o design, em tempos de intenso desenvolvimento dos recursos tecnológicos disponíveis e da ideia da não-materialidade como forma de manifestação. O estudo revisa a trajetória de artistas que, a despeito das diferenças hierárquicas que segregaram o artista do artesão, atribuíram novos significados a essa que é uma das mais primitivas formas de expressão do sentimento humano. A partir da revisão histórica dos pensamentos, tanto a favor quanto contra, sobre a classificação das artes em “maiores” ou “menores”; “belas artes” ou “artes aplicadas”, questionamos a necessidade desta categorização. Analisamos, ainda, como as especificidades da cerâmica a tornam representação legítima da arte pós-moderna, conforme a visão de teóricos como Charles Jencks, Stuart Hall, Arthur Danto, Zygmunt Bauman, entre outros, pela sua capacidade de se adaptar as novas linguagens e aos conceitos nos nossos dias.PROQUALI (UFJF

Impact of Electron-Electron Spin Interaction on Electron Spin Relaxation of Nitroxide Diradicals and Tetraradical in Glassy Solvents Between 10 and 300 K

To determine the impact of electron-electron spin-spin interactions on electron spin relaxation rates, 1/T1 and 1/Tm were measured for nitroxide monoradical, diradical, and tetraradical derivatives of 1,3-alternate calix[4]arenes, for two pegylated high-spin nitroxide diradicals, and for an azine-linked nitroxide diradical. The synthesis and characterization by SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) magnetometry of one of the high-spin diradicals, in which nitroxides are conformationally constrained to be coplanar with the m-phenylene unit, is reported. The interspin distances ranged from about 5-9 Å, and the magnitude of the exchange interaction ranged from \u3e150 to \u3e0.1 K. 1/T1 and 1/Tm were measured by long-pulse saturation recovery, three-pulse inversion recovery, and two-pulse echo decay at X-band (9.5 GHz) and Q-band (35 GHz). For a diradical with interspin distance about 9 Å, relaxation rates were only slightly faster than for a monoradical with analogous structure. For interspin distances of about 5-6 Å, relaxation rates in glassy solvents up to 300 K increased in the order monoradical \u3c diradical \u3c tetraradical. Modulation of electron-electron interaction enhanced relaxation via the direct, Raman, and local mode processes. The largest differences in 1/T1 were observed below 10 K, where the direct process dominates. For the three diradicals with comparable magnitude of dipolar interaction, 1/Tm and 1/T1 were faster for the molecules with more flexible structures. Relaxation rates were faster in the less rigid low-polarity sucrose octaacetate glass than in the more rigid 4:1 toluene/chloroform or in hydrogen-bonded glycerol glasses, which highlights the impact of motion on relaxation

Taxa de sobrevivência bacteriana em escovas dentais e sua descontaminação com soluções antimicrobianas

The purpose of this study was to evaluate bacterial survival rate on toothbrushes after brushing and the efficacy of their decontamination by spraying antimicrobial solutions. Thirty subjects were instructed to spray the solutions on toothbrush bristles after brushing. Each volunteer tested three sprays, one solution per week; the sprays were labeled spray 1 (cetylpyridinium chloride - CPC - and basic formulation), 2 (basic formulation only) and 3 (control - sterile tap water). At the end of each week, the brushes were collected and sonicated in Letheen Broth®; the suspensions were ten-fold diluted and the dilutions were plated on various culture media. Anaerobic bacteria, evaluated by colony count of black pigment producing organisms on Ask medium, were recovered from 83.3% of the samples, Streptococci from 80% and aerobic Gram-negative bacilli from 46.7% of them in the control tests. There was a significant decrease in toothbrush contamination with antimicrobial sprays 1 and 2, the first showing the greatest decrease on bacterial counts.O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a taxa de sobrevivência bacteriana em escovas dentais após a escovação e a eficácia na sua descontaminação pelo borrifamento de soluções antimicrobianas. Trinta indivíduos foram instruídos a borrifar as soluções nas cerdas das escovas após a escovação. Cada voluntário testou três sprays, uma solução por semana; os sprays foram rotulados spray 1 (cloreto de cetilpiridínio - CCP - e formulação básica), 2 (formulação básica apenas) e 3 (controle - água de torneira esterilizada). Ao final de cada semana, as escovas eram recolhidas e introduzidas no caldo Letheen®, submetidas a ultra-som, à diluição decimal seriada e as suspensões semeadas em vários meios de cultura. As bactérias anaeróbias, avaliadas pela contagem de colônias de microrganismos produtores de pigmento negro no meio Ask, foram recuperadas em 83,3% das amostras, estreptococos em 80% e bacilos aeróbios Gram-negativos em 46,7% das amostras nos testes controle. Houve uma significante redução na contaminação das escovas dentais com os sprays antimicrobianos 1 e 2, o primeiro mostrando maior redução nas contagens de bactérias

Olive oil supplementation prevents extracellular matrix deposition and reduces prooxidant markers and apoptosis in the offspring´s heart of diabetic rats

Maternal diabetes induces fetal programming of cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes induced-cardiac fibrosis is a process that may start in utero and may be related to the prooxidant/proinflammatory environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a maternal diet enriched in olive oil on the levels of components and regulators of the extracellular matrix, on prooxidant markers and on apoptosis rate in the heart of 21-day-old offspring of diabetic rats. Maternal diabetes was induced by neonatal administration of streptozotocin. During pregnancy, diabetic and control rats were fed with diets supplemented or not with 6% olive oil. The heart of the offspring was studied at 21 days of age. We found increased deposition of collagen IV and fibronectin in the offspring´s heart of diabetic rats, which was prevented by the maternal diets enriched in olive oil. Increases in connective tissue growth factor were also prevented by the maternal diets enriched in olive oil. Prooxidant markers as well as apoptosis, which were increased in the heart of the offspring of diabetic rats, were prevented by the maternal olive oil dietary treatment. Our findings identified powerful effects of a maternal diet enriched in olive oil on the prevention of increased extracellular matrix deposition and increased prooxidant markers in the heart of 21-day-old offspring of diabetic rats.Fil: Roberti, Sabrina Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Higa, Romina Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Sato, Hugo Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Gomez Ribot, Dalmiro Leonardo Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Capobianco, Evangelina Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Jawerbaum, Alicia Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentin

The use of pictograms in visual communication in public spaces: Reflections on the design process

This article is intended to provoke a reflection about the use of pictograms in visual communication in public spaces. Based on the assumptions of the social use of graphic design, creation centered on user’s needs and the interference of positive emotions in the reception and interpretation of regulatory messages, we used a practical exercise to translate a graphic verbal message - the development of pictograms for appropriate use of sanitary equipment - to review the methodological process of creation in communication design and the role of pragmatics in the design choices and social messages relevant to a community. We emphasize also the role of emotions in the communicative process of design, both in the production of visual stimuli in their environment and potential to cause, in the users, responses to these stimuli.Este artigo tem o objetivo de provocar uma reflexão sobre o uso dos pictogramas na comunicação visual em espaços públicos. Baseado nas premissas do uso social do design gráfico, na criação centrada em necessidades do usuário e na interferência positiva das emoções na recepção e interpretação de mensagens normativas, utilizamos um exercício prático de tradução gráfica de mensagem verbal – desenvolvimento de pictogramas para uso adequado de instalações e equipamentos sanitários – para rever o processo metodológico de criação em design de comunicação e destacar o papel da pragmática nas escolhas de desenho e das mensagens sociais relevantes para uma comunidade. Destacamos, igualmente, o papel das emoções no processo comunicativo do design, tanto na produção dos estímulos visuais ambientais quanto em sua potencialidade para provocar, nos usuários, respostas a esses estímulos. 

Manifestações reumáticas da hanseníase

The classical manifestations of leprosy are cutaneous and neurological involvement; however, rheumatic manifestations are relatively common during the course of the disease and can be the initial manifestation. Herein are reviewed the clinical features of leprosy, particularly those that may mimic rheumatic diseases.Univ Fed Amazonas, Hosp Univ Getulio Vargas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Disciplina Reumatol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Amazonas, Dept Clin Med, Disciplina Reumatol, Fac Ciencias Saude, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Disciplina Reumatol, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Using normative modelling to detect disease progression in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease in a cross-sectional multi-cohort study

Abstract Normative modelling is an emerging method for quantifying how individuals deviate from the healthy populational pattern. Several machine learning models have been implemented to develop normative models to investigate brain disorders, including regression, support vector machines and Gaussian process models. With the advance of deep learning technology, the use of deep neural networks has also been proposed. In this study, we assessed normative models based on deep autoencoders using structural neuroimaging data from patients with Alzheimer’s disease (n = 206) and mild cognitive impairment (n = 354). We first trained the autoencoder on an independent dataset (UK Biobank dataset) with 11,034 healthy controls. Then, we estimated how each patient deviated from this norm and established which brain regions were associated to this deviation. Finally, we compared the performance of our normative model against traditional classifiers. As expected, we found that patients exhibited deviations according to the severity of their clinical condition. The model identified medial temporal regions, including the hippocampus, and the ventricular system as critical regions for the calculation of the deviation score. Overall, the normative model had comparable cross-cohort generalizability to traditional classifiers. To promote open science, we are making all scripts and the trained models available to the wider research community