Los incumplimientos del Derecho de la Unión Europea y su repercusión sobre las comunidades autónomas: Los asuntos Magefesa y vacaciones fiscales vascas

La finalidad del Real Decreto 515/2013 era establecer un mecanismo de repercusión de la totalidad de las responsabilidades derivadas de las infracciones del Derecho de la UE a las CCAA cuya conducta había originado el incumplimiento. No obstante, los Estados tienen unos deberes previos de prevención de las violaciones del Derecho de la UE de tal forma que, si no cumplen con ellos, deberían asumir una parte de las sanciones impuestas por el TJUE. Los asuntos Magefesa y Vacaciones fiscales vascas constituyen los primeros casos en los que se ha repercutido dichas responsabilidades a pesar de que el propio Estado no había cumplido sus deberes previos de prevenciónThe aim of 515/2013 Regulation was to create a mechanism to fully pass on the liability of the infringements of European Union law to the territorial entity whose non compliance had caused it. Nontheless, it is a States previous duty to establish the necessary mechanism to prevent the European Union law infringements of its territorial entities. Consequently, the absence of this prevention mechanisms would entail the States liability for part of the European Union Court of justice imposed sanctions on the territorial entities due to their infringments. The fi rst cases in which the whole liability had been passed on to the according territorial entity, although the State have not complied with its duty to create prevention mechanisms, were Magefesa and Vacaciones fiscales vasca

Cures infermeres a una persona laringuectomitzada

Treballs Finals de Grau de l'Escola Universitaria d'Infermeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2014-2015, Tutor: María Teresa Luis RodrigoAquest procés de cures analitza el cas del Josep, un personatge fictici en la història de vida del qual he intentat fer un recull de les principals característiques de tots aquells malalts que vaig conèixer i dels que vaig tenir cura durant les meves practiques al servei d’otorinolaringologia. En Josep és un home de 64 anys diagnosticat de càncer de laringe i a qui es practica una laringuectomia total, extirpant-li tota la laringe. Conseqüentment perd la capacitat de fonació. Aquesta situació de pèrdua d'una part corporal (la laringe) i de la funció que exercia (la parla), a la que s’uneix la percepció de pèrdua definitiva del seu estil de vida, dona lloc a l’aparició d’un procés de dol que es manifestat per la persona amb trastorns de la son i manifestacions verbals d’ansietat. L’objectiu de les cures infermeres (i consegüentment del procés de cures) és ajudar al Josep a assolir una resposta adaptada davant d’aquests canvis, per a que pugui arribar a l’acceptació i maneig adequat del seu nou estat de salut

Las desigualdades de género en las ONG de desarrollo: discursos prácticas y procesos de cambio

Las ONG, como cualquier otro tipo de organizaciones sociales, reflejan las desigualdades de género en su estructura y funcionamiento interno. Este artículo va dirigido a analizar dichas desigualdades en las ONG de desarrollo, a través del estudio de las prácticas, dinámicas y discursos que se producen en el interior de las mismas. En este artículo se va a hacer especial hincapié en uno de los efectos de la desigualdad, la (in)visibilidad de las mujeres en este tipo de entidades, considerando las dos dimensiones de este fenómeno. Por un lado, se profundizará en la invisibilidad de las cuestiones de género, derivada de la desigualdad existente dentro de este tipo de organizaciones.Y, por otro, se estudiará la excesiva visibilidad de aquello que se sale de la norma, a partir de los procesos de cambio en los roles de género que se están produciendo en algunas ONGD

Reducing the fine-tuning of gauge-mediated SUSY breaking

Despite their appealing features, models with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) typically present a high degree of fine-tuning, due to the initial absence of the top trilinear scalar couplings, $A_t=0$. In this paper, we carefully evaluate such a tuning, showing that is worse than per mil in the minimal model. Then, we examine some existing proposals to generate $A_t\neq 0$ term in this context. We find that, although the stops can be made lighter, usually the tuning does not improve (it may be even worse), with some exceptions, which involve the generation of $A_t$ at one loop or tree level. We examine both possibilities and propose a conceptually simplified version of the latter; which is arguably the optimum GMSB setup (with minimal matter content), concerning the fine-tuning issue. The resulting fine-tuning is better than one per mil, still severe but similar to other minimal supersymmetric standard model constructions. We also explore the so-called "little $A_t^2/m^2$ problem", i.e. the fact that a large $A_t$-term is normally accompanied by a similar or larger sfermion mass, which typically implies an increase in the fine-tuning. Finally, we find the version of GMSB for which this ratio is optimized, which, nevertheless, does not minimize the fine-tuning.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, 1 appendix. Discussion extended, matches EPJC published versio

Entre la tradición y la modernidad : las parejas españolas de doble ingreso

La participación social de las mujeres, sobre todo su incorporación al mercado de trabajo, es uno de los cambios sociales más significativos de las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, a pesar de la vinculación que existe entre la situación de las mujeres dentro y fuera de la familia, apenas hay investigaciones que nos permitan conocer si han variado y cómo lo han hecho las relaciones de género en el ámbito privado. Este artículo se centra en entender cómo se construyen las parejas modernas y con qué obstáculos se encuentran a la hora de poner en práctica formas de relación igualitarias.The participation of women in social life, in particular their incorporation into the labour market, has been one of the more significant changes in the last decades. Although there is a link between the situation of women inside and outside the family, not enough research has been done to allow us to know if these changes in the public sphere are transferred to the private one. This paper tries to discover how modern couples build up their relationships and which are the obstacles to establish egalitarian couples

The Contagion Effects of Repeated Activation in Social Networks

Demonstrations, protests, riots, and shifts in public opinion respond to the coordinating potential of communication networks. Digital technologies have turned interpersonal networks into massive, pervasive structures that constantly pulsate with information. Here, we propose a model that aims to analyze the contagion dynamics that emerge in networks when repeated activation is allowed, that is, when actors can engage recurrently in a collective effort. We analyze how the structure of communication networks impacts on the ability to coordinate actors, and we identify the conditions under which large-scale coordination is more likely to emerge.Comment: Submitted for publicatio

What is a Natural SUSY scenario?

The idea of "Natural SUSY", understood as a supersymmetric scenario where the fine-tuning is as mild as possible, is a reasonable guide to explore supersymmetric phenomenology. In this paper, we re-examine this issue in the context of the MSSM including several improvements, such as the mixing of the fine-tuning conditions for different soft terms and the presence of potential extra fine-tunings that must be combined with the electroweak one. We give tables and plots that allow to easily evaluate the fine-tuning and the corresponding naturalness bounds for any theoretical model defined at any high-energy (HE) scale. Then, we analyze in detail the complete fine-tuning bounds for the unconstrained MSSM, defined at any HE scale. We show that Natural SUSY does not demand light stops. Actually, an average stop mass below 800 GeV is disfavored, though one of the stops might be very light. Regarding phenomenology, the most stringent upper bound from naturalness is the one on the gluino mass, which typically sets the present level of fine-tuning at ${\cal O}(1\%)$. However, this result presents a strong dependence on the HE scale. E.g. if the latter is $10^7$ GeV the level of fine-tuning is $\sim$ four times less severe. Finally, the most robust result of Natural SUSY is by far that Higgsinos should be rather light, certainly below 700 GeV for a fine-tuning of ${\cal O}(1\%)$ or milder. Incidentally, this upper bound is not far from $\simeq1$ TeV, which is the value required if dark matter is made of Higgsinos.Comment: 41 pages, 8 figures, 9 tables. References added, matches JHEP published versio

Two-photon transitions driven by a combination of diode and femtosecond lasers

We report on the combined action of a cw diode laser and a train of ultrashort pulses when each of them drives one step of the 5S-5P-5D two-photon transition in rubidium vapor. The fluorescence from the 6P_{3/2} state is detected for a fixed repetition rate of the femtosecond laser while the cw-laser frequency is scanned over the rubidium D_{2} lines. This scheme allows for a velocity selective spectroscopy in a large spectral range including the 5D_{3/2} and 5D_{5/2} states. The results are well described in a simplified frequency domain picture, considering the interaction of each velocity group with the cw laser and a single mode of the frequency comb.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure