Recomendações de atividade física: uma mensagem para o profissional de saúde

Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with the prevention and treatment of most chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity and some types of cancer, and the reduction of premature mortality. PA has important effects on mental and cognitive health, quality of sleep, cognitive performance, prevention of falls and fractures and on the improvement of functional capacity in the elderly. Therefore, PA should be part of the recommendations of any health professional. PA guidelines for health promotion recommend that every person at any age should perform at least 30 minutes of moderate PA a day for adults and 60 minutes for children and adolescents and must include muscle strength exercises at least two days a week. In addition to this the health professional should recommend the decrease of time in sedentary behaviors and move whenever possible. More minutes and more intensity of AF bring benefits at any age and in any clinical conditionLa actividad física regular está asociada a la prevención y tratamiento de la mayor parte de las enfermedades crónicas como las cardiovasculares, diabetes, obesidad y algunos tipos de cáncer y a la disminución de la mortalidad prematura. La AF tiene efectos importantes en la salud mental y cognitiva, calidad de sueño, desempeño cognitivo, prevención de caídas y fracturas y en la mejora de la capacidad funcional en el adulto mayor. Por tanto, la AF debería hacer parte de las recomendaciones de cualquier profesional de salud. Las guías de AF para la promoción de la salud recomiendan que toda persona a cualquier edad debe realizar AF moderada, al menos 30 minutos diarios para los adultos y 60 minutos para niños y adolescentes, y debe incluir ejercicios de fuerza muscular mínimo dos días a la semana. Además de esto, el profesional de salud debe recomendar la disminución del tiempo en comportamientos sedentarios y moverse siempre que sea posible. Más minutos y más intensidad de AF traen beneficios a cualquier edad y en cualquier condición clínicaA atividade física (AF) regular está associada à prevenção e ao tratamento da maioria das doenças crônicas, como as cardiovasculares, diabetes, obesidade e alguns tipos de cáncer e à redução da mortalidade prematura. A AF tem efeitos importantes na saúde mental e cognitiva, na qualidade do sono, no desempenho cognitivo, na prevenção de quedas e fraturas a na melhoria da capacidade funcional em idosos. Portanto, a AF deve fazer parte das recomendações de qualquer profissional de saúde. As diretrizes de AF para promoção da saúde recomendam que todos em qualquer idade façam AF moderada, pelo menos 30 minutos diários para adultos e 60 minutos para crianças e adolescentes e devem incluir exercícios de força muscular no mínimo dois dias por semana. Além disso, o profissional de saúde deve recomendar a redução do tempo em comportamentos sedentários, e a mover-se sempre que possível. Mais minutos e mais intensidade da AF trazem benefícios em qualquer idade e em qualquer condição clínic

Efecto de un programa de “exergames” en el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional de personas mayores. Un estudio piloto

Introduction: Older people experience a lower capacity in maintaining and resetting balance throughout the physical performance. During the last decade, video games that imply controlled full body-actions that are known as 'Exergames' have gained popularity as tools to improve balance and functional mobility. KineLabs 3D software is a mini-games series that employs the Kinect platform to rehabilitate patients with brain stroke damage and for senior people training. As far as we know, there are no research studies that use this Exergame currently. Objective: To analyze the effect of an Exergame KineLabs 3D training program regarding the balance and functional mobility in self-sufficient and institutionalized people between 65 and 85 years old. Materials and methods: This quantitative pilot study was carried out in a group of 5 people that attended a 24-session program three times per week. To measure stance and functional mobility, clinical testing such as Berg's balance test, Functional reach test, Unipedal stance test, and Short physical performance battery test were used before and after the intervention. Results: Older people that participated in the program showed a significant difference within all clinical tests made. The results were: Berg Balance Scale p=0,0422, Functional Reach Test p=0,0431, Unipedal Stance Test p= 0,0422 and Short Physical Performance Battery p=0,0384; p less than 0,05. Conclusion: The implementation of an eight-week Exergames program enhanced the stance/balance and functional mobility in the participants.Introducción: Las personas mayores experimentan una menor capacidad para mantener y restablecer el equilibrio durante las actividades físicas. Durante la última década los videojuegos controlados con movimientos de todo el cuerpo, también conocidos como “Exergames”, han ganado popularidad como herramientas para mejorar el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional. El software KineLabs 3D es una serie de minijuegos que utiliza la plataforma Kinect para la rehabilitación de pacientes con secuelas de accidente vascular encefálico y para el entrenamiento de personas mayores. A nuestro conocimiento no hay investigaciones que utilizen este Exergame. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de un programa de ejercicios del Exergame KineLabs 3D en el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional en personas institucionalizadas y autovalentes entre los 65 y los 85 años. Materiales y métodos: Se realiza un estudio piloto, cuantitativo, pre test-post test de un solo grupo de cinco personas que completaron un programa de 24 sesiones, tres veces por semana. Las pruebas clínicas escala de balance de Berg, prueba de alcance funcional, estación de apoyo unipodal y Short Physical Performance Battery fueron utilizadas antes y después del desarrollo del programa para medir el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional. Resultados: Las personas mayores que participaron en el programa mostraron una diferencia significativa en todas las pruebas clínicas (escala de balance de Berg p=0,0422, prueba de alcance funcional p=0,0431, estación de apoyo unipodal p=0,0422 y Short Physical Performance Battery p=0,0384; p<0,05) Conclusiones: Un programa de ocho semanas de ejercicios de Exergames en personas autovalentes institucionalizadas mejoró el equilibrio y movilidad funcional

Efecto de un programa de “exergames” en el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional de personas mayores. Un estudio piloto

Introduction: Older people experience a lower capacity in maintaining and resetting balance throughout the physical performance. During the last decade, video games that imply controlled full body-actions that are known as 'Exergames' have gained popularity as tools to improve balance and functional mobility. KineLabs 3D software is a mini-games series that employs the Kinect platform to rehabilitate patients with brain stroke damage and for senior people training. As far as we know, there are no research studies that use this Exergame currently. Objective: To analyze the effect of an Exergame KineLabs 3D training program regarding the balance and functional mobility in self-sufficient and institutionalized people between 65 and 85 years old. Materials and methods: This quantitative pilot study was carried out in a group of 5 people that attended a 24-session program three times per week. To measure stance and functional mobility, clinical testing such as Berg's balance test, Functional reach test, Unipedal stance test, and Short physical performance battery test were used before and after the intervention. Results: Older people that participated in the program showed a significant difference within all clinical tests made. The results were: Berg Balance Scale p=0,0422, Functional Reach Test p=0,0431, Unipedal Stance Test p= 0,0422 and Short Physical Performance Battery p=0,0384; p less than 0,05. Conclusion: The implementation of an eight-week Exergames program enhanced the stance/balance and functional mobility in the participants.Introducción: Las personas mayores experimentan una menor capacidad para mantener y restablecer el equilibrio durante las actividades físicas. Durante la última década los videojuegos controlados con movimientos de todo el cuerpo, también conocidos como “Exergames”, han ganado popularidad como herramientas para mejorar el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional. El software KineLabs 3D es una serie de minijuegos que utiliza la plataforma Kinect para la rehabilitación de pacientes con secuelas de accidente vascular encefálico y para el entrenamiento de personas mayores. A nuestro conocimiento no hay investigaciones que utilizen este Exergame. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de un programa de ejercicios del Exergame KineLabs 3D en el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional en personas institucionalizadas y autovalentes entre los 65 y los 85 años. Materiales y métodos: Se realiza un estudio piloto, cuantitativo, pre test-post test de un solo grupo de cinco personas que completaron un programa de 24 sesiones, tres veces por semana. Las pruebas clínicas escala de balance de Berg, prueba de alcance funcional, estación de apoyo unipodal y Short Physical Performance Battery fueron utilizadas antes y después del desarrollo del programa para medir el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional. Resultados: Las personas mayores que participaron en el programa mostraron una diferencia significativa en todas las pruebas clínicas (escala de balance de Berg p=0,0422, prueba de alcance funcional p=0,0431, estación de apoyo unipodal p=0,0422 y Short Physical Performance Battery p=0,0384; p<0,05) Conclusiones: Un programa de ocho semanas de ejercicios de Exergames en personas autovalentes institucionalizadas mejoró el equilibrio y movilidad funcional

Efecto de un programa de “exergames” en el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional de personas mayores. Un estudio piloto

Introduction: Older people experience a lower capacity in maintaining and resetting balance throughout the physical performance. During the last decade, video games that imply controlled full body-actions that are known as 'Exergames' have gained popularity as tools to improve balance and functional mobility. KineLabs 3D software is a mini-games series that employs the Kinect platform to rehabilitate patients with brain stroke damage and for senior people training. As far as we know, there are no research studies that use this Exergame currently. Objective: To analyze the effect of an Exergame KineLabs 3D training program regarding the balance and functional mobility in self-sufficient and institutionalized people between 65 and 85 years old. Materials and methods: This quantitative pilot study was carried out in a group of 5 people that attended a 24-session program three times per week. To measure stance and functional mobility, clinical testing such as Berg's balance test, Functional reach test, Unipedal stance test, and Short physical performance battery test were used before and after the intervention. Results: Older people that participated in the program showed a significant difference within all clinical tests made. The results were: Berg Balance Scale p=0,0422, Functional Reach Test p=0,0431, Unipedal Stance Test p= 0,0422 and Short Physical Performance Battery p=0,0384; p less than 0,05. Conclusion: The implementation of an eight-week Exergames program enhanced the stance/balance and functional mobility in the participants.Introducción: Las personas mayores experimentan una menor capacidad para mantener y restablecer el equilibrio durante las actividades físicas. Durante la última década los videojuegos controlados con movimientos de todo el cuerpo, también conocidos como “Exergames”, han ganado popularidad como herramientas para mejorar el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional. El software KineLabs 3D es una serie de minijuegos que utiliza la plataforma Kinect para la rehabilitación de pacientes con secuelas de accidente vascular encefálico y para el entrenamiento de personas mayores. A nuestro conocimiento no hay investigaciones que utilizen este Exergame. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de un programa de ejercicios del Exergame KineLabs 3D en el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional en personas institucionalizadas y autovalentes entre los 65 y los 85 años. Materiales y métodos: Se realiza un estudio piloto, cuantitativo, pre test-post test de un solo grupo de cinco personas que completaron un programa de 24 sesiones, tres veces por semana. Las pruebas clínicas escala de balance de Berg, prueba de alcance funcional, estación de apoyo unipodal y Short Physical Performance Battery fueron utilizadas antes y después del desarrollo del programa para medir el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional. Resultados: Las personas mayores que participaron en el programa mostraron una diferencia significativa en todas las pruebas clínicas (escala de balance de Berg p=0,0422, prueba de alcance funcional p=0,0431, estación de apoyo unipodal p=0,0422 y Short Physical Performance Battery p=0,0384; p<0,05) Conclusiones: Un programa de ocho semanas de ejercicios de Exergames en personas autovalentes institucionalizadas mejoró el equilibrio y movilidad funcional

Rethinking teacher education from the chair of Pedagogy. An academic experience with physical education students

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el rendimiento académico y autoconcepto físico en adolescentes escolares de acuerdo al nivel de actividad física. Fueron evaluados 124 estudiantes de 18,1(± 0,60) años promedio. Se determinó el nivel de actividad física con el cuestionario IPAQ. El autoconcepto físico se evalúo con el test de valoración del autoconcepto físico (ACF). Se determinó el promedio general de notas (NEM) usando los promedios obtenidos en Matemáticas y Lenguaje. Los resultados evidenciaron que los hombres presentan un ACF (p=0,000) y un NEM (p=0,033) más positivo que las mujeres, se demostró que los sujetos activos presentan mejor ACF y NEM que los alumnos con actividad física baja (p=0,000).A partir de estos resultados se llegó a la conclusión que los adolescentes, del sexo masculino y femenino que tienen un mayor nivel de actividad física presentan mejores calificaciones y autoconcepto físico en comparación con los sujetos que presentan un bajo nivel de actividad física.The purpose of this study is to compare the academic performance and the physical self-concept on a group of high school students according to their physical activity level. 124 students, average age 18,1 (±0,60) were evaluated. The level of physical activity was determined with the IPAQ questionnaire. The physical self-concept was evaluated using the Physical self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ). The average grades in Linguistics and Mathematics were used to determine the Grade Point Average (NEM, for its acronym in Spanish). Results showed that male students have a more positive PSC (p<0,000) and NEM (p<0,033) than female students. It also showed that male and female students that are more active have better PSC and NEM than the ones with low physical activity (p<0,05). From these results it is possible to conclude that teenagers, both male and female, that have physical activity on a regular basis get better grades and show a more positive physical self-concept than the ones who are not as active.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Food intake and meal patterns of adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o consumo alimentar e o padrão de refeições de adolescentes, São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Por meio do Recordatório de 24 horas, avaliou-se o consumo energético total, de macronutrientes, cálcio, ferro e vitamina A e a omissão de refeições ou sua substituição por lanche, de adolescentes de uma escola pública de Ilhabela. Comparou-se o consumo alimentar por grupo com a Pirâmide Alimentar do adolescente. Foi realizada análise descritiva, aplicou-se o teste Qui-quadrado (p < 0,005), além de análise qualitativa. RESULTADOS: o consumo energético total foi inferior ao estimado para 66 por cento dos adolescentes, o percentual de carboidratos foi abaixo do recomendado e o de lipídios e proteínas acima do recomendado. Houve omissão do café da manhã entre 21 por cento dos adolescentes e um terço deles substituiu almoço ou jantar por lanche. CONCLUSÃO: Os adolescentes apresentaram insuficiência calórica na dieta e baixo consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes; o padrão de refeições foi satisfatório, mas o café da manhã deve ser incentivadoOBJECTIVE: To assess food intake and meal patterns in adolescents, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 228 adolescents from a public school, SP, Brazil. METHODS: Total energy, macronutrients, calcium, iron, and vitamin A intakes were evaluated. The food pattern was compared with the eating patterns established by the Food Pyramid for adolescents. Meal frequency was assessed to identify meal skipping. Descriptive statistics and Chi Square were used. RESULTS: Mean energy intake was lower than estimated for 66 per cent adolescents, carbohydrate intake was lower than estimated for 50 per cent adolescents, fat intake was higher than estimated for 50 per cent of adolescents, and protein intake was above the recommendation for 40 per cent of adolescents. Among adolescents studied, 21 per cent skipped breakfast and one third of them had snacks instead of lunch or dinner. CONCLUSION: The diet of adolescents had insufficient energy intake and deficient intake of fruits and vegetables. Meal patterns were satisfactory, but breakfast should be encourage

Association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older from Chile: a crosssectional study

Background Few studies in Latin America have examined the association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive impairment (CI) in a nationally representative sample. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CI in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 60 years or older from Chile and to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk factors and CI. Methods Data from the cross-sectional 2016–2017 National Health Survey of Chile, which included 2031 adults (63.7% women) was used. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome (blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting glucose or treatment for diabetics, waist circumference, and HDL cholesterol), risk of cardiovascular disease (history and measured variables, using the Framingham risk score), tobacco use, and physical activity were measured. CI was assessed using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Results Overall, the prevalence of CI was 12.2% at the national level. Significant differences in CI were observed by age, education level, risk of cardiovascular disease, and smoking. High risk of cardiovascular disease was associated with higher odds of CI (OR: 2.04; 95%CI: 1.20–3.45) compared to low risk. Smoking was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of CI (OR: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.36–0.87) compared to never smoking. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and physical activity were not associated with CI. Conclusions This study provided additional support for previous findings on the relationship between cognitive decline and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Worse CI was associated with the group with the highest risk of cardiovascular disease, and the presence of lifestyle factors, such as obesity and physical inactivity, exacerbate this relationship, but not being a current smoker

Adaptação transcultural: tradução e validação de conteúdo da versão brasileira do Commitment Exercise Scale

BACKGROUND: The Exercise Commitment Scale (CES) evaluates commitment, attitude and behavior regarding exercise in eating disorders patients. OBJECTIVE: Translation and cultural adaptation of the CES for Portuguese (BRA), content validation and analysis of internal consistency. METHODS: This study involved five steps: (1) translation, (2) re-translation, (3) technical review and evaluation semantics, (4) content validation by professionals - judges, (5) assessment of the instrument in a sample of students, by assessing the degree of understanding and analysis of internal consistency by Cronbach's a coefficient. RESULTS: The scale was translated and adapted. It was considered easy to understand (degree of understanding from 4.3 to 4.9) and showed acceptable consistency coefficients (Cronbach's a: 0.60 to 0.79). DISCUSSION: Satisfactory results of this adaptation process allow the recommendation of the CES Brazilian version. Analysis is needed of construct and factorial validation, and of reproducibility.CONTEXTO: O Commitment Exercise Scale (CES) avalia o comprometimento, o comportamento e a atitude de pacientes com transtornos alimentares em relação ao exercício físico. OBJETIVO: Tradução e adaptação transcultural do CES para o idioma português (BRA), validação de conteúdo e análise da consistência interna. MÉTODOS: Envolveu cinco etapas: (1) tradução; (2) retradução; (3) revisão técnica e avaliação semântica; (4) validação de conteúdo por profissionais da área - juízes; (5) avaliação do instrumento por uma amostra de estudantes, por meio da avaliação do grau de compreensão e análise da consistência interna do instrumento pelo coeficiente a de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: A escala foi traduzida e adaptada, sendo considerada de fácil compreensão (grau de compreensão de 4,3 a 4,9), e demonstrou valores do coeficiente aceitáveis (a de Cronbach: 0,60 a 0,79). CONCLUSÃO: A partir do processo de adaptação transcultural, os resultados satisfatórios possibilitam a recomendação da versão brasileira do CES. São necessárias análises de validação de construto, fatorial e de reprodutibilidade

RELAÇÃO DO PADRÃO DE MARCHA ASSOCIADA COM A APTIDÃO FÍSICA E A CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL DE RESIDENTES DE INSTITUIÇÕES DE LONGA PERMANÊNCIA

Introdução: A locomoção do ser humano precisa da interação músculo-esquelética e neurológica para prover as demandas da idade, quando apresentadas alterações pode levar a problemas importantes de mobilidade e capacidade funcional de idosos institucionalizados. Objetivo: Verificar e analisar a associação da marcha, capacidade funcional e aptidão física em idosos institucionalizados. Métodos: foram avaliados 52 mulheres e 17 homens (66,6-85,4 anos) moradores de instituições de longa permanência de SCS-SP. As variáveis mensuradas foram: espaço-temporais da marcha (marcação plantar), capacidade funcional (mobilidade, equilíbrio dinâmico e estático), aptidão física (peso, estatura, força muscular de membros inferiores e superiores, potência aeróbica). A análise estatística aplicada foi a regressão linear com nível de significância adotado de p&lt;0,05. Resultados: foi encontrado que massa muscular, força muscular, potência aeróbica, cadência e amplitude de passo estão correlacionadas positivamente e fortemente com o comprimento da passada e do passo, largura da passada e ângulo do pé. Conclusão: houve uma associação significativa entre as variáveis espaço-temporais da marcha, com a aptidão física e a capacidade funcional dos idosos institucionalizados de São Caetano do Sul.Palavras chaves= Marcha, Idoso, Aptidão física, equilíbrio postural

Association between Active Transportation and Public Transport with an Objectively Measured Meeting of Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity and Daily Steps Guidelines in Adults by Sex from Eight Latin American Countries

This study aimed to examine the associations between active transportation and public transport and the objectively measured meeting of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and steps per day guidelines in adults by sex from eight Latin American countries. As part of the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), data were collected from 2524 participants aged 18–65 years. MVPA and steps per day were evaluated using Actigraph GT3X accelerometers. The mode of transportation, its frequency and duration were collected using a self-reported questionnaire. The average time dedicated to active transportation was 12.8 min/day in men (IQR: 2.8–30.0) and 12.9 min/day in women (IQR: 4.3–25.7). A logistic regression analysis was conducted, showing that active transportation (≥10 min) was associated with higher odds of meeting MVPA guidelines (men: OR: 2.01; 95%CI: 1.58–2.54; women: OR: 1.57; 95%CI: 1.25–1.96). These results show a greater association when considering active transportation plus public transport (men: OR: 2.98; 95%CI: 2.31–3.91; women: OR: 1.82; 95%CI: 1.45–2.29). Active transportation plus public transport was positively associated with meeting steps per day guidelines only in men (OR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.15–2.10). This study supports the suggestion that active transportation plus public transport is significantly associated with meeting the MVPA and daily steps recommendations.Fieldwork and data analysis formulated in the ELANS protocol was supported by a scientific grant from the Coca Cola Company (2014/24168-6), and by grant and/or support from Instituto Pensi/Hospital Infantil Sabara, International Life Science Institute of Argentina, Universidad de Costa Rica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, and Instituto de Investigación Nutricional de Peru. The funding sponsors had no role in study design; the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results