Factors Associated with the Intake of Ultra-Processed Cariogenic Foods by Preschoolers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and factors associated with the intake of ultra-processed cariogenic foods (UFC) by preschoolers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving parents of 672 children from two to five years old enrolled at public schools in Curitiba, Brazil. Parents answered a questionnaire about socioeconomic and demographic data, their behavior regarding the dietary education of their children (Parent Mealtime Action Scale - translated and validated for use in Brazil), and children's food intake (qualitative food frequency questionnaire - list of foods based on a report from the Pan American Health Organization). The data were analyzed using Poisson regression analysis (α=0.05). Results: About 43% of parents/guardians reported changes in their children's diet during the pandemic, being that diet got worse and better in 19% and 24% of the cases, respectively. The ultra-processed cariogenic foods with the highest daily intake frequencies were sweetened juices/sweetened drinks (0.52), followed by cookies (0.37), and candies (0.35). Parents with a lower level of education reported a daily frequency of UCF intake 1.36 times higher (PR=1.359; CI 95%: 1.106-1.669) in their children compared to those with a higher level of education. On the other hand, parents’/guardians’ report of higher intake and greater offer of fruits and vegetables to children was associated with low UCF intake (PR=0.716; CI 95%: 0.592-0.866). Conclusion: The lower level of formal education of parents/guardians and lower availability of fruits and vegetables were related to higher consumption of ultra-processed cariogenic foods by children

Sustainable management of natural forests in pantanal region, Brazil.

The Pantanal region in Brazil has an area of 140,000 km², with approximately 30 % of natural forests distributed as deciduous, semideciduous, and forested savannas. The subregion of Nhecolandia represents 19 % of this area. There is constant concern about the sustainability of these forested areas, as there is a constant demand for wood for farm maintenance, mainly for making fence poles. The objective of this article is to indicate sustainable forest management practices in the Pantanal region of Nhecolandia. The methodology of this novel approach consisted of the recovery and organization of the available information to calculate the sustainable allowable cut per hectare, considering: cutting cycle, wood stock, periodic annual increment (PAI) in percentage of volume from the commercial or interesting species and the stand structure. For forested savannas, the diameter at breast height (DBH) of 529 trees per hectare were estimated as follows: 28 % with a DBH lower than 10 cm, 36 % from 10 to 20 cm, 21 % from 20 to 30 cm, 10 % from 30 to 40 cm and only 4 % greater than 40 cm. The estimated total volume per hectare was 84.2 m³ and the estimated basal area was 18.6 m². The forested areas of the Pantanal region present potential for sustainable use. However, due to regional characteristics and the lack of available information, an enhancement in research is recommended to establish a basic management guide to ensure its perpetuation for future generations.The Pantanal region in Brazil has an area of 140,000 km², with approximately 30 % of natural forests distributed as deciduous, semideciduous, and forested savannas. The subregion of Nhecolandia represents 19 % of this area. There is constant concern about the sustainability of these forested areas, as there is a constant demand for wood for farm maintenance, mainly for making fence poles. The objective of this article is to indicate sustainable forest management practices in the Pantanal region of Nhecolandia. The methodology of this novel approach consisted of the recovery and organization of the available information to calculate the sustainable allowable cut per hectare, considering: cutting cycle, wood stock, periodic annual increment (PAI) in percentage of volume from the commercial or interesting species and the stand structure. For forested savannas, the diameter at breast height (DBH) of 529 trees per hectare were estimated as follows: 28 % with a DBH lower than 10 cm, 36 % from 10 to 20 cm, 21 % from 20 to 30 cm, 10 % from 30 to 40 cm and only 4 % greater than 40 cm. The estimated total volume per hectare was 84.2 m³ and the estimated basal area was 18.6 m². The forested areas of the Pantanal region present potential for sustainable use. However, due to regional characteristics and the lack of available information, an enhancement in research is recommended to establish a basic management guide to ensure its perpetuation for future generations

Chemical composition in dry matter in field of rangelands submitted burning, Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of burning on Crude Protein (CP), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Lignin in the dry matter of forages of interest in a field of rangelands, Pantanal. The study area had two treatments: without burning (control) and another area with burning, both areas ungrazed. Biomass aerial data was collected in both areas during eleven months after burning. In the first months after burning, when both areas were compared, there was a higher CP content of Andropogon bicornis and A. selloanus dry matter, which are rough and fibery species. There were no differences in the Axonopus purpusii and Mesosetum chaseae species, which are important forage species. Only lignin presented lower contents in dry matter after burning of Andropogon bicornis and Mesosetum chaseae. No differences were found in the other species

Composition and aerial biomass dynamics after burning of a grassy-woody savanna in the Pantanal wetlands

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a composição e dinâmica da biomassa aérea após a queima de uma savana gramíneo-lenhosa no Pantanal. Foram coletados dados mensais de freqüência de espécies, biomassa aérea e cobertura do solo durante 11 meses em uma área com queima (CQ) e outra sem queima (SQ), ambas sem pastejo. A queima reduziu a freqüência das gramíneas predominantes e condicionou aumento no número de espécies dicotiledôneas e ciperáceas. A produção de biomassa aérea total foi inferior na área com queima, embora a tendência de incremento tenha sido semelhante nas duas áreas. A produção de biomassa morta foi muito afetada pela queima, cuja produção, 11 meses após, representou aproximadamente 25% da obtida na área sem queima. A cobertura do solo foi inferior na área com queima e somente no quarto mês assemelhou-se à área sem queima.The purpose of this work was to evaluate composition and aerial biomass dynamics after burning of a grassy-woody savanna in the Pantanal wetlands, Brazil. During 11 months, data on species frequency, aerial biomass and soil cover were collected in an area with burning (WB) and another free of burning (FB), both not grazed. Burning reduced the frequency of the most predominant grasses and increased the number of dicotyledons and cyperaceae species. The production of total aerial biomass was lower in the WB area, despite an increase tendency that was similar in both areas. Litter production was strongly affected by burnings. After 11 months its production was approximately 25% of the production exhibited by the FB area. Soil cover was also lower in the WB and only after four months it was similar to the FB area

Effects of burning on the aerial biomass dynamics of a native field in the Pantanal

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da queima na dinâmica da biomassa aérea do estrato herbáceo de um campo nativo do Pantanal com predominância de Andropogon bicornis. A área de estudo foi submetida aos tratamentos sem queima e com queima, ambos sem pastejo. Os dados de biomassa aérea e cobertura do solo foram analisados nos onze meses subsequentes à queima. A biomassa aérea das áreas com queima apresentou pequeno incremento linear de matéria seca, tornando sua biomassa significativamente menor que a obtida nas áreas sem queima. Andropogon bicornis, Axonopus purpusii e outras espécies apresentaram menor biomassa após a queima, enquanto Mesosetum chaseae foi favorecido pela queima, apresentando maior produção de matéria seca. A ação do fogo removeu praticamente toda a biomassa; a cobertura do solo, trinta dias após a queima, foi de aproximadamente 35%. Somente sete meses depois, a cobertura do solo foi restabelecida, tornando-se semelhante à área sem queima.This work aimed to assess the effects of burning on the aerial biomass dynamics of aboveground herbaceous plants of a native field of the Pantanal presenting a dominance of Andropogon bicornis. The area under study was treated without burning (control) and with burning, both of them ungrazed. Aerial biomass and soil cover were analyzed during eleven months after burning. The aerial biomass in the with-burning area presented a short linear increment of dry matter. This biomass was expressively shorter than that biomass produced in the without-burning area. Andropogon bicornis, Axonopus purpusii and other species presented less biomass after burning. However, Mesosetum chaseae benefited from burning, presenting higher dry matter production. Burning almost removed all of the vegetal cover and, thirty days after burning, soil cover was approximately 35%. Seven months after burning, vegetal cover was re-established and became similar to the area without burning

Efeitos da queima na dinâmica da biomassa aérea de um campo nativo no Pantanal

This work aimed to assess the effects of burning on the aerial biomass dynamics of aboveground herbaceous plants of a native field of the Pantanal presenting a dominance of Andropogon bicornis. The area under study was treated without burning (control) and with burning, both of them ungrazed. Aerial biomass and soil cover were analyzed during eleven months after burning. The aerial biomass in the with-burning area presented a short linear increment of dry matter. This biomass was expressively shorter than that biomass produced in the without-burning area. Andropogon bicornis, Axonopus purpusii and other species presented less biomass after burning. However, Mesosetum chaseae benefited from burning, presenting higher dry matter production. Burning almost removed all of the vegetal cover and, thirty days after burning, soil cover was approximately 35%. Seven months after burning, vegetal cover was re-established and became similar to the area without burning.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da queima na dinâmica da biomassa aérea do estrato herbáceo de um campo nativo do Pantanal com predominância de Andropogon bicornis. A área de estudo foi submetida aos tratamentos sem queima e com queima, ambos sem pastejo. Os dados de biomassa aérea e cobertura do solo foram analisados nos onze meses subsequentes à queima. A biomassa aérea das áreas com queima apresentou pequeno incremento linear de matéria seca, tornando sua biomassa significativamente menor que a obtida nas áreas sem queima. Andropogon bicornis, Axonopus purpusii e outras espécies apresentaram menor biomassa após a queima, enquanto Mesosetum chaseae foi favorecido pela queima, apresentando maior produção de matéria seca. A ação do fogo removeu praticamente toda a biomassa; a cobertura do solo, trinta dias após a queima, foi de aproximadamente 35%. Somente sete meses depois, a cobertura do solo foi restabelecida, tornando-se semelhante à área sem queima

Sustainable Management Of Natural Forests In Pantanal Region, Brazil

A regi\ue3o do Pantanal no Brasil apresenta uma \ue1rea de cerca de 140.000 km2, com aproximadamente 30 % de florestas naturais, distribu\ueddas como florestas dec\uedduas, semidec\uedduas e savanas florestadas. A subregi\ue3o da Nhecol\ue2ndia representa 19 % dessa \ue1rea. Existe uma preocupa\ue7\ue3o constante em rela\ue7\ue3o a sustentabilidade dessas florestas, pois a demanda de madeira para manuten\ue7\ue3o das propriedades \ue9 constante, principalmente para moir\uf5es de cerca. O objetivo desse artigo \ue9 indicar pr\ue1ticas de manejo florestal sustent\ue1vel para a regi\ue3o da Nhecol\ue2ndia. A metodologia dessa primeira abordagem desse tema consistiu na recupera\ue7\ue3o e organiza\ue7\ue3o da informa\ue7\ue3o dispon\uedvel e no c\ue1lculo da taxa de corte sustent\ue1vel por hectare, considerando o ciclo de corte, o estoque de madeira, o incremento peri\uf3dico anual (IPA), em volume percentual, das esp\ue9cies comerciais ou de interesse, e a estrutura do talh\ue3o. Para savanas florestadas, o di\ue2metro a altura do peito (DAP) de 529 \ue1rvores por hectare foram estimados como segue: DAP menor que 10 cm (28 %), de 10 a 20 (36 %), de 20 a 30 (21 %), de 30 a 40 (10 %), e apenas 4 % acima de 40 cm. O volume total estimado por hectare foi 84,2 m3 e a \ue1rea basal estimada foi 18,6 m2. As \ue1reas florestadas da regi\ue3o do Pantanal apresentam potencial para o uso sustent\ue1vel. Entretanto, devido as caracter\uedsticas da regi\ue3o e a falta de informa\ue7\ue3o dispon\uedvel, recomenda-se que pesquisas sejam incrementadas para se estabelecer um plano de uso que garanta a sua perpetua\ue7\ue3o para gera\ue7\uf5es futuras.The Pantanal region in Brazil has an area of 140,000 km2, with approximately 30 % of natural forests distributed as deciduous, semideciduous, and forested savannas. The subregion of Nhecolandia represents 19 % of this area. There is constant concern about the sustainability of these forested areas, as there is a constant demand for wood for farm maintenance, mainly for making fence poles. The objective of this article is to indicate sustainable forest management practices in the Pantanal region of Nhecolandia. The methodology of this novel approach consisted of the recovery and organization of the available information to calculate the sustainable allowable cut per hectare, considering: cutting cycle, wood stock, periodic annual increment (PAI) in percentage of volume from the commercial or interesting species and the stand structure. For forested savannas, the diameter at breast height (DBH) of 529 trees per hectare were estimated as follows: 28 % with a DBH lower than 10 cm, 36 % from 10 to 20 cm, 21 % from 20 to 30 cm, 10 % from 30 to 40 cm and only 4 % greater than 40 cm. The estimated total volume per hectare was 84.2 m3 and the estimated basal area was 18.6 m2. The forested areas of the Pantanal region present potential for sustainable use. However, due to regional characteristics and the lack of available information, an enhancement in research is recommended to establish a basic management guide to ensure its perpetuation for future generations

A TEORIA DAS INTELIGÊNCIAS MÚLTIPLAS DE HOWARD GARDNER E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA: CONSTRUINDO UMA EDUCAÇÃO PARA TODOS

O presente artigo consiste numa revisão bibliográfica que tem como objetivo apresentar as contribuições da Teoria das Inteligências Múltiplas de Howard Gardner para a perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva. Essa teoria, ao contrário do tradicional conceito unitário de inteligência, afirma que as pessoas possuem oito tipos de inteligências: Musical, Corporal-Cinestésica, Lógico-Matemática, Linguística, Espacial, Interpessoal, Intrapessoal e Naturalística. Já a Educação Inclusiva constitui-se numa ação política, cultural, social e pedagógica que objetiva promover, assegurar e defender o direito de todos os estudantes de aprender juntos, desenvolvendo suas potencialidades de forma participativa e colaborativa, sem sofrer qualquer discriminação e preconceito. A Teoria das Inteligências Múltiplas contribui para a Educação Inclusiva partindo do pressuposto de que sujeitos diferentes aprendem de formas diferentes, desconstrói o conceito de inteligência, reformulando, aprimorando e diversificando as metodologias de ensino ao substituir a testagem tradicional pelo método avaliativo diferenciado; sugerindo a revisão dos currículos escolares para incluir, além das disciplinas tradicionais, algumas disciplinas eletivas, no intuito de contemplar o desenvolvimento de todas as inteligências existentes. Portanto, essa teoria contribui para a Educação Inclusiva valorizando e respeitando as diferenças, funcionando como um catalizador para a construção de uma escola mais democrática e mais humana