Superspreading event of COVID-19 in adolescents: is there a difference between the vaccinated and the unvaccinated?

Objective: The aim of this study is to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 in a vaccinated and an unvaccinated group of adolescents and describe their symptoms.   Methods: In May 2021 a private indoor event for high school adolescents took place resulting in a superspreading event. As part of the study, an anonymous questionnaire was sent to all adolescents invited to the event and details about symptoms, previous COVID-19 infection, vaccination status and behaviour during the event was assessed. Two groups were formed, one of vaccinated individuals and the other of unvaccinated individuals. A sample from a fully vaccinated symptomatic individual was sequenced. General characteristics for the studied groups are described using categorical and continuous data. The incidence of COVID-19 in each group was estimated by taking the total number of COVID-19 positive cases (numerator) divided by the total number of individuals (denominator) multiplied by 100.   Results: A total of 41 out of the 164 adolescents (incidence 25%, 95%CI 18.6- 32.4) that attended the private indoor event developed COVID-19. A sample was sequenced from one of the symptomatic and fully vaccinated individuals with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine) finding SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant of concern. The incidence of COVID-19 in the unvaccinated was 35.1% (95%CI 25.5-45.6), and in the vaccinated 11.4% (95%CI 5.1-21.3). There were more unvaccinated than vaccinated teenagers that developed COVID-1

"Optimización del rendimiento de la tripulación a bordo durante el periodo de embarque en los buques tanque de bandera Peruana en cabotaje (desde el 2014 al 2016)"

Los hallazgos encontrados en la presente investigación nos permiten conocer y determinar las medidas adecuadas para lograr la optimización del rendimiento en los periodos de embarque de la tripulación a bordo de buques tanque petroleros de bandera peruana. Para la realización de esta tesis se ha tomado un enfoque mixto, en donde se usa el marco teórico para la recolección de datos generales y experiencias de otros países, y el cuantitativo para validar dicho marco teórico contra la realidad nacional a través de encuestas a los tripulantes de embarcaciones de bandera peruana. Cabe precisar que la documentación básica utilizada para el desarrollo de la presente Tesis han sido textos especializados sobre la fatiga y las condiciones de trabajo suscritos en los tratados y convenios internacionales, y que están patentados en la Organización Marítima Internacional; convenios realizados en Londres en el año del 2002, así como también, los convenios y tratados de la O.I.T., O.M.S. y otros documentos relacionados a nuestro tema y problema específico de investigación.Tesi

Influencia en el posicionamiento económico y responsable aplicando el modelo SAVE a la mezcla de mercadotecnia en la cevichería Canta Rana del distrito de Barranco

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar de qué manera la aplicación del modelo SAVE influye en la mezcla de mercadotecnia en la cevichería Canta Rana del distrito de Barranco. Asimismo, las variables utilizadas fueron el modelo SAVE (Solución, Acceso, Valor y Educación) que está orientado específicamente al cliente y la mezcla de mercadotecnia conocida por sus cuatro variables (Producto, Precio, Plaza y Promoción) que se enfoca al producto y son utilizadas en las estrategias de marketing. La investigación desarrollada fue descriptiva y la metodología de la investigación fue de enfoque cuantitativo. El diseño utilizado fue exploratorio y el instrumento que se utilizó para la recolección de datos fue una encuesta con escala de Likert realizada a los clientes del restaurante, de esta manera se obtendrá información que permita apoyar la influencia del modelo SAVE y la mezcla de mercadotecnia que aplica la empresa en sus estrategias de marketing. La unidad de Análisis fue la cevichería Canta Rana ubicada en el distrito de Barranco con una muestra conformada por 196 clientes, entre hombres y mujeres. Se concluye que el trabajo de investigación es de gran utilidad para todas las empresas que deseen orientar sus estrategias de marketing bajo el modelo SAVE. Así mismo, se tomó como referencia las teorías de reconocidos autores tales como Jerome McCarthy creador de las 4 P de marketing, Philip Kotler especialista por excelencia en temas relacionados en publicidad y estrategias de marketing además de los autores que propusieron el modelo SAVE, Richard Ettenson Eduardo Conrado y Jonathan Knowles.The aim of this study is to determine how the application of SAVE marketing model influences the marketing mix in Canta Rana ceviche restaurant, located in the district of Barranco. Likewise, the variables used were the SAVE marketing model (Solution, Access, Value and Education), which is specifically oriented towards the client, and the marketing mix known for its own four variables (Product, Price, Place and Promotion), which focuses on the product and is used in marketing strategies. The developed study is descriptive, and the research method is quantitative. Also, the selected research design is exploratory, and the instrument used for data collection is a Likert scale survey carried out on said restaurant customers. This way, data shall be obtained to support the influence of the SAVE marketing model and the marketing mix the establishment applies on its marketing strategies. The unit of analysis was the Canta Rana ceviche restaurant, located in the district of Barranco, with a sample consisting of 196 customers, including men and women. It is concluded this study is of great usefulness for all companies that desire to direct their marketing strategies under the SAVE marketing model. Likewise, theories of renowned authors, such as Jerome McCarthy, creator of the 4P's of marketing, and Philip Kotler, expert in topics related to advertising and marketing strategies, were referred to, as well as the same of the authors who proposed SAVE marketing model: Richard Ettenson, Eduardo Conrado and Jonathan Knowles.Trabajo de investigaciónCampus Lima Centr

Calidad de atención y satisfacción en familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de medicina del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, 2019

El presente trabajo de tesis, titulado “Calidad de atención y Satisfacción en familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de medicina del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, 2019”, ha sido realizado con el objetivo de determinar la relación entre la calidad de atención y la satisfacción en familiares de pacientes hospitalizados. El presente estudio fue elaborado a partir de un enfoque cuantitativo de investigación, contando con un diseño no experimental – transversal. El tamaño muestral fue de 70 evaluados, siendo los evaluados familiares de pacientes que se encuentran hospitalizados en la institución. La recolección de datos fue realizada a través de la aplicación de encuestas. Para ello se utilizó el “Cuestionario para calidad de atención”, instrumento conformado por un total de 30 ítems, diseñado para evaluar los componentes “técnico”, “interpersonal” y “confort”. Asimismo, se utilizó un cuestionario para evaluar la Satisfacción en Familiares, instrumento conformado por un total de 9 ítems. La información recogida a través de ambos instrumentos fue procesada con el paquete estadístico SPSS en su versión 25. Con respecto a los resultados de esta investigación, a nivel descriptivo, en cuanto a la Calidad de Atención, se encontró una predominancia de evaluados categorizados en un nivel “medio” tanto para el componente Técnico (62.86%), Interpersonal (85.71%) y Confort (75.71%), así como para la puntuación total (75.71%). En cuanto a la variable Satisfacción, se pudo apreciar una predominancia de niveles categorizados como “medio” tanto para las dimensiones Información (65.71 %), Calidez humana y confort (74.29%), Capacidad técnica y científica (70.00%), Oportunidad de prestación de servicios 82.86%), así como para la puntuación total de la Satisfacción (98.57%). Por otro lado, a nivel inferencial, se encontraron correlaciones positivas y estadísticamente significativas entre ambas variables y sus respectivas dimensiones. Se concluye que existe relación la Calidad de Atención y Satisfacción en familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de medicina del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, 2019

Genome evolution in three species of cactophilic drosophila

We report genomes of two species of cactophilic Drosophila: Drosophila arizonae and D. navojoa. These two are the closest relatives of D. mojavensis, forming the D. mojavensis cluster. D. mojavensis and D. arizonae diverged from D. navojoa ∼5.8 Mya, while the split between D. arizonae and D. mojavensis is more recent, at 1.5 Mya. Together the three genomes provide opportunities to examine genomic changes associated with speciation and host shifts in this ecologically defined group of flies. The three species are also separated by fixed inversion differences in three of their six chromosomes. While the levels of nucleotide divergence in the colinear chromosomes are significantly lower than in the inverted chromosomes, consistent with a past role of the inversions in preventing gene flow, the patterns differ among the inverted chromosomes when the locations of nucleotides inside or outside of the inversions are considered. For Muller element E, there is greater divergence external to the inversion breakpoints. For Muller A, the divergence is slightly higher inside the inversions, while for Muller B, the breakpoints and hence the difference in substitutions in relation to the inversions could not be determined. The differences among the inverted chromosomes, especially once the breakpoints are clearly established, could aid in dating the origins of the inversions

Biopolymers from Waste Biomass — Extraction, Modification and Ulterior Uses

The residues coming from woodlands and agricultural exploitation constitute the most abundant biomass available on earth. Its importance as a source of renewable energy has grown in addition to the environmental impact. Biomass waste is a lignocellulosic feedstock which contains three main biopolymers: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. It could be utilized for the production of a number of value-added products due to their chemical composition, but it is necessary to efficiently recover the valuable biopolymer as intact as possible by different processing techniques.For different applications, the principal objective of pre-treatment is to keep the cellulose intact, meanwhile hemicellulose and lignin are removed. The yields of the fractions depend on the pre-treatment method, which is the most expensive step in biomass conversion. Traditionally, cellulose is obtained by kraft, sulphite and soda treatments. These methods are non-environmentally friendly and generate huge quantities of toxic wastes. Recently developed models considering the environmental laws encourage the sustainable processing of biomass into value-added products. The use of ionic liquids as new solvents for biomass waste and organosolv processes is reviewed, which are used to obtain cellulose. One of the possible applications of cellulose is membrane synthesis, which has been reported for other biomass materials, such as sugarcane bagasse, mango seed and newspaper. In this chapter, some green pre-treatment methods, different sustainable routes for cellulose modification and some of the results obtained on membrane development based on waste biomass are discussed

Relación entre la fuerza prensil y los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en jóvenes universitarios

Introduction: cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a set of alterations that compromise the function of the heart and the different blood vessels that make up the cardiovascular system. Objective: to determine the relationship between prehensile strength and markers of cardiovascular risk in university students. Methods: observational, descriptive and correlational study with 159 apparently healthy university students >18 years of age. Sociodemographic variables were identified with respect to sex and age. Also, we determined the weight, height, abdominal circumference, hip and waist/hip ratio, glucose levels, anxiety, depression, smoking, physical activity and sedentary levels. The Ruffier Dickson test was applied taking into account the values of heart rate, dyspnea and perceived fatigue, pre and post test, and heart rate after 1 minute after the end of the test. Results: this study was attended by 159 participants, (H:35.8% M:64.2%), where we can determine that 33.33 % of men and 50.98 % of women have a perimeter high risk abdominal and 64.91 % men and 95.09 % women a high risk hip circumference. On the other hand, the nutritional status indicates that 4.4 % of the subjects were underweight, 30.2 % were overweight and 17 % were obese. In contrast, 2.52 % of the participants had a blood pressure above the normal cuts at rest according to the AHA, and 35.2 % had fasting glucose levels above 99 mg/dl. Conclusions: there is no significant evidence between prehensile strength and markers of cardiovascular risk in the young adult population.Introducción: las enfermedades cardio-vasculares (ECV) representan un conjunto de alteraciones que comprometen la función del corazón y los diferentes vasos sanguíneos que conforman el sistema cardiovascular. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la fuerza prensil y los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en jóvenes universitarios. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y correlacional con 159 estudiantes universitarios aparentemente sanos >18 años de edad. Se identificaron variables socio-demográficas respecto al sexo y la edad. También se determinó peso, talla, circunferencia abdominal, cadera y la relación cintura/cadera, niveles de glucosa, ansiedad, depresión, tabaquismo, actividad física y niveles sedentarismo. Se aplicó el test de Ruffier Dickson teniendo en cuenta los valores de frecuencia cardiaca, disnea y fatiga percibida, pre y post test, y frecuencia cardiaca posterior a 1 minuto de finalizar el test. Resultados: participaron 159 participantes, (H:35,8% M: 64,2%), donde se personas, de las que el 33,33 % de los hombres y el 50,98 % de las mujeres tienen un perímetro abdominal de alto riesgo y el 64,91 % de hombres y 95,09 % de mujeres una circunferencia de cadera de alto riesgo. Por otro lado, el estado nutricional indica que el 4,4 % de los sujetos tenía infrapeso, 30,2 % sobrepeso y 17 % obesidad. En contraste, un 2,52 % de los participantes tuvieron una presión arterial por encima de los cortes normales en estado de reposo según la AHA, y 35,2 % tuvieron niveles de glucosa en ayunas por encima de 99 mg/dl. Conclusión: no existe evidencia significativa entre la fuerza prensil y los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en población adulta joven

Insights Into the Evolution, Virulence and Speciation of Babesia MO1 and Babesia divergens Through Multiomics Analyses.

AbstractBabesiosis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia, is an emerging tick-borne disease of significance for both human and animal health. Babesia parasites infect erythrocytes of vertebrate hosts where they develop and multiply rapidly to cause the pathological symptoms associated with the disease. The identification of new Babesia species underscores the ongoing risk of zoonotic pathogens capable of infecting humans, a concern amplified by anthropogenic activities and environmental changes. One such pathogen, Babesia MO1, previously implicated in severe cases of human babesiosis in the United States, was initially considered a subspecies of B. divergens, the predominant agent of human babesiosis in Europe. Here we report comparative multiomics analyses of B. divergens and B. MO1 that offer insight into their biology and evolution. Our analysis shows that despite their highly similar genomic sequences, substantial genetic and genomic divergence occurred throughout their evolution resulting in major differences in gene functions, expression and regulation, replication rates and susceptibility to antiparasitic drugs. Furthermore, both pathogens have evolved distinct classes of multigene families, crucial for their pathogenicity and adaptation to specific mammalian hosts. Leveraging genomic information for B. MO1, B. divergens, and other members of the Babesiidae family within Apicomplexa provides valuable insights into the evolution, diversity, and virulence of these parasites. This knowledge serves as a critical tool in preemptively addressing the emergence and rapid transmission of more virulent strains

Biofabrication of functional protein nanoparticles through simple His-tag engineering

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICWe have developed a simple, robust, and fully transversal approach for thea-la-cartefabrication of functional multimeric nanoparticles with potential biomedical applications, validated here by a set of diverse and unrelated polypeptides. The proposed concept is based on the controlled coordination between Znions and His residues in His-tagged proteins. This approach results in a spontaneous and reproducible protein assembly as nanoscale oligomers that keep the original functionalities of the protein building blocks. The assembly of these materials is not linked to particular polypeptide features, and it is based on an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach. The resulting nanoparticles, with dimensions ranging between 10 and 15 nm, are regular in size, are architecturally stable, are fully functional, and serve as intermediates in a more complex assembly process, resulting in the formation of microscale protein materials. Since most of the recombinant proteins produced by biochemical and biotechnological industries and intended for biomedical research are His-tagged, the green biofabrication procedure proposed here can be straightforwardly applied to a huge spectrum of protein species for their conversion into their respective nanostructured formats